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English 4 VC
English 4 VC
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When the subject is he, she or it, we add DOES at the beginning to make the affirmative sentence a
question. Notice that the letter S at the end of the verb in the affirmative sentence (because it is in third
person) disappears in the question. We will see the reason why below.
We DON'T use Do or Does in questions that have the verb To Be or Modal Verbs (can, must, might,
should etc.)
Regular English verbs form the simple past in –ed; however, there are a few hundred irregular
verbs with different forms.
Past Simple Tense with Irregular Verbs
1. My teacher taught me about the planets, moon, and stars in the third grade.
2. Our local high school held a car wash to raise money for the band.
1. I felt scared when the power went out during the thunderstorm last night.
5. My team had a potluck’ last week but forgot to send out the invitations!
6. My mom picked me up after school all week long when I had to stay for an extra practice
session.
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Example: I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
Example: When I was young, I watched lots of television every day after school.
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For stative verbs, which are verbs that do not express an action, but a state of mind or being
E.g. have (own), be, think (believe), know, dislike, need, owe, understand, wish
Yesterday
Ago
Last month
Last week
Last year
In 2003
In 2007
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ACTIVITY 1: CHOOSE THE RIGHT WORD TO MAKE PRESENT SIMPLE OR PAST SIMPLE SENTENCES
1 There ____ 50 people at the party last Friday. had
are
have
were
3 Lucy always ____ her grandparents on Fridays.
was visit
2 She ____ one brother and two sisters. Their all live visits
in Chicago.
has visited
EXERCISE 1: CHOOSE THE RIGHT WORD TO MAKE PRESENT SIMPLE OR PAST SIMPLE SENTENCES
1 Last summer we ____ on holiday to Paris. runs
went
10
ran
go
7 She usually ____ to London on holiday.
2 There ____ many people working nowadays. goes
aren't
went
weren't
8 Last year she ____ my birhday cake.
3 She ____ in 1978. made
is born
makes
was born
9 Yes, we ____ the tickets for the New Year's
4 He ____ sports when he was a child. Concert.
liked buy
likes bought
5 We ____ to Dublin last night. 10 Her parents ____ at the university.
flew met
fly meet
3L1-youve-changed.mp3
2. MAKE QUESTIONS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE ANSWERS PROVIDED AND THE LISTENING EXERCISE.
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1.
Q:
2.
Q:
3.
Q:
4.
Q: 12
A: Red.
5.
Q:
A: In a bookstore.
6.
Q:
7.
Q:
A: After 7 p.m.
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There are many adjectives that we have in English that end in -ED or -ING.
Yes, that's correct, they are not only endings that we use for verbs!
An adjective that ends in -ING is used to describe: the characteristic of a person, a thing or a situation.
An adjective that ends in -ED is used to describe: a feeling (or how a person feels) or an emotion. It is
used to describe a temporary thing. Since only people (and some animals) have feelings, -ed adjectives
cannot be used to describe an object or situation.
You can use these adjectives to describe people or situations but be careful that you are using the
correct adjective. For example, there is a big difference in meaning between:
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I am confused. - (I don't understand something)
I am confusing. - (I will cause you to be confused)
Note that the sentences below are to highlight the difference between the two types of adjectives. They
are NOT common to do or say because they sound repetitive.
This grammar lesson is boring. I am bored reading all about these grammar rules.
I am tired right now. My flight was tiring (because it was a twelve-hour flight).
Public toilets are usually disgusting. I am disgusted by the smell in some of them.
Your speech was very inspiring. I am now inspired to do wonderful things with my life.
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ACTIVITY 1 -ED and –ING Adjectives Exercise 1 Choose the correct adjective:
2. I will be very ..... if she does well in her test. 11. I am ..... with my grade in the grammar test.
surprised disappointed
surprising disappointing
4. I come home extremely ..... at the end of 13. I am ..... about my test grades. They are all
each day. quite bad.
tired depressed
tiring depressing
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5. He's such a ..... person. He never wants to go 14. It was not ..... she failed her tests. She never
out. studied.
bored surprised
boring surprising
6. I'm ...... I have no idea what to do. 15. I'm getting ..... with this book. Nothing ever
confused happens.
confusing bored
boring
7. Did you hear the ..... news about the
accident? 16. These instructions are extremely ...... Can
shocked you help me?
shocking confused
confusing
8. I'm not very ..... in sport.
interested 17. I'm ..... that he could do something so stupid
interesting and dangerous.
shocked
9 I didn't find his joke very ...... shocking
amused
amusing 18. I don't find sport at all ......
interested
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interesting
22. I am ..... about the tennis tournament
19. I was not ..... to be kept waiting so long. tomorrow.
amused excited
amusing exciting
20. Our new science teacher is very ...... We sit 23. The news was quite ......
there like mice! puzzled
frightened puzzling
frightening
24. His behaviour has been very ..... in recent
21. It was very ..... not to be selected for the weeks.
basketball team. puzzled
disappointed puzzling
disappointing
Exercise 1
was .
3She was very with him for not telling her the truth.
6This year, all the presents that I got for Christmas were very .
10In the photo you can see the image of what seems to be a ghost.
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1................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
verb is base+ed, e.g. played, arrived, looked. For irregular verbs, see the Table of irregular verbs in the
section called 'Verbs'.
Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative
Negative interrogative 19
to have + subject past participle
not
He, she, it has walked He, she, hasn't walked Has he, she, it walked?
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ACTIVITY 1.
Make the present perfect - choose positive, negative or question:
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EXERCISE
Present Perfect Test Write the participle form of the following verbs.
1. go →
2. sing →
3. be →
4. buy →
5. do →
Complete the table in present perfect simple.
positive negative question
24 Have we danced?
She has worked.
2. he / speak / English -
3. I / be / in my room -
SPEAKING EXERCISE.
What are some of the things you have already accomplished at this
time in your live? (10 SENTENCES)
WRITE THE EXERCISE AND RECORD YOUR VOICE SO IT CAN BE CHECKED
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______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
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READING EXERCISE
I think I have had a very interesting life. I'm 73 now and I don't work anymore. I was in the army for 51
years. I retired when I was 69. I have been to so many countries that I can't remember all of them. I've
been to Australia six or seven times and to South Africa three times. I have also been once to Russia but I
didn't like it at all: much too cold for me!
They say that love is the greatest thing and I agree. I've been married four times but never for more than
five years. I don't think women really understand me!
I've never been on television, but I've been on the radio once. It was a programme about life in the
military about twenty years ago. I met the Prime Minister on the same day. Actually, I've met a lot of
famous people: members of the royal family, famous politicians and also famous cinema and television
personalities. I've never met the American President though which is a pity.
Because I've travelled a lot, I've seen a lot of wonderful things and have also eaten and drunk some
strange foods and drinks. I ate cat and rat in India and drank something called Mirto on a little island in
Italy many years ago.
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1. What job before retiring? 6. Has he ever ?
He worked in the army. Yes, he has. But never on TV.
To make the comparative form of adjectives (like 'big-ger' or 'more expensive') and the superlative
form (like 'biggest' or 'most expensive'), first we need to know how many syllables are in the
adjective.
There are some spelling changes. If there is one vowel followed by one consonant at the end of the
adjective, we often double the consonant.
wet → wetter THAN / THE wettest
big → bigger / biggest
hot → hotter / hottest
thin → thinner / thinnest
If the adjective ends in 'y', this often changes to 'i'.
dry → drier / THE driest
If the adjective ends in 'e', we don't add another 'e',27just 'r'.
nice → nicer / nicest
large → larger / largest
There are a few adjectives that we have to use 'more' or 'most' with, even though they only have one
syllable. We CAN'T add 'er' or 'est'.
fun → more fun / THE most fun (NOT funner / funnest)
real → more real / THE most real (NOT realer / realest)
right → more right / most right (NOT righter / rightest)
wrong → more wrong / most wrong (NOT wronger / wrongest)
But some two syllable adjectives can take 'er' or 'est'. It's also fine to use 'more' (for the comparative)
or 'most' (for the superlative).
clever → cleverer / THE cleverest
simple → simpler / THE simplest
narrow → narrower / narrowest
quiet → quieter / quietest
Adjectives with two syllables that end in 'y' usually can add 'er' or 'est' (y generally changes to i). It's
also fine to use 'more' or 'most'.
dirty → dirtier THAN / THE dirtiest
pretty → prettier / prettiest
happy → happier / happiest
ugly → uglier / ugliest
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For adjectives with two syllables or more, we generally use 'more' or 'most'.
careful → more careful / most careful
bored → more bored / most bored
Irregular adjectives
There are also some irregular adjectives. We just need to learn these forms.
good → better THAN → THE best
bad → worse THAN →THE worst
far → further THAN → THE furthest
little → less → least
much → more → most
LIST OF COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
https://www.englishentry.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/List-of-comparative-and-superlatives-.pdf
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EXTRA GRAMMAR TIP
Regular forms
Adjectives Adjective Comparative Superlative
1. Of one syllable, add-(e)r/-(e)st to small smaller (than) the smallest (of/in)
form their comparative &
hot hotter (than) the hottest (of/in)
superlative forms.
safe safer (than) the safest (of/in)
-ly, -y, -w, also add -er/-est. busy busier (than) the busiest (of/in)
take more/most. amazing more amazing (than) the most amazing (of/in)
ACTIVITIY ONE
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EXERCISE 2
FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH A COMPARATIVE OR SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVE
Argentina is than Colombia, but Brazil is country in South America (big).
I am than my sister, but dad is person in our family (tall).
Comparative - superlative
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6 items remaining
1. The Nile is the ______________river in the world. (long)
2. Mauna Loa is the ________________ volcano in the world. (large)
3. Commonwealth Bay is the ______________place in the world. (windy)
4. The Atacama Desert is the ________________place in the world. (dry)
5. The ____________________ recorded temperature is 57.8 °C. (hot)
6. The _________________ place on Earth has 13.3 m of rain every year. (wet)