REFLECTION NO.

1. In the 1990s, what existed at the primary school level was "Primary Science"
curriculum; today with the introduction of Universal Kindergarten, the curriculum for
the primary level is known as Science and Technology.
     a. From the titles of the curricula, what is the design of each curriculum?
The design used is mostly subject-centered, with the emphasis on mastery of subject matter
in terms of content, but with a twist of problem-centered design for aims a student should be
prepared to tackle real-world problems and a little touch of learner-centered design which
can help them learn independently and can use different learning centers.

     b. What do you think must have led to the change from primary science to science
and
            technology?
As what I’ve learned curriculum is ever changing, to adapt itself to the changing universe
curricularist find ways on how to deal with it, changes from primary science to science and
technology may result from the researches conducted, teacher’s assessment and evaluation
reports, and to cope up to the developmental needs of the students for their growth and
development.
It is also important not to lose sight of the benefits and importance of the primary science
curriculum haves despite a shoulder to be lean on, use its strength to further improve the
science and technology curriculum

2. What kind of curriculum design influence mostly the K to 12 Curriculum? 

       (You may have more than one answer.)
      Cite an illustrative example that relates to your choice.
      Place your answer on a matrix like the one below.

The designer's philosophical and psychological beliefs influence the design's selection. As a
curricularist, it is critical that I understand the various design models and how to approach
each one.
As a result, I believe the combination of the three is most commonly used in K-12 curricula.

Type of Curriculum Design

Illustrative Example
in K To 12

To be on top of every academic competition, this school seeks to

Subject-Centered Design
produce the best graduates in the school district. Every student must
excel in all academic disciplines. The better the learner, the higher the
level of cognitive intelligence. As a result, mastery of subject matter in
terms of content is the emphasis of learning. Every student is expected
to be at the top of their class in terms of discipline mastery.
Memorization and practice are crucial learning skills, and the school
prioritizes intellectual development as well as emotional, psychomotor,
and value development. Mastery of the topic is the key to success.

Learner-Centered Design
All academic and co-curricular activities are based on the principle of
 multiple intelligences. Every classroom has activity stations where
students can learn independently. With a variety of resource items.
Learners can simply choose whatever learning center they want to
participate in using various materials. This design allows each learner's
potential to be honed. It also allows students to learn how to learn,
allowing them to become more self-sufficient. Every learner is guided
by the teacher. The students decide on a goal that can be accomplished
in a reasonable amount of time.

These schools believe that a student should be prepared to tackle real-

world problems that arise as a result of the learners' needs, interests, and
abilities. Problems that persist in life and society and have an impact on
daily life are also taken into account. The majority of school activities
Problem Centered Design center upon finding answers to issues such as poverty, drug abuse,
climate change, natural disasters, and many others.
The same approach is used because the school is using a problem-based
design. Case studies and practical work are used as teaching strategies.
In many schools, the problem-centered approach has gained popularity.