GLASS IONOMER CEMENT(GIC) :

as a RESTORATIVE and LUTING MATERIALS

By
HAFSAH KATU

Departement of Conservation
Faculty of Dentistry
Hasanuddin University
 INTRODUCTION
GIC One type of dental cement , an adhesive tooth
coloured restorative material used for eroded areas and
now it has een used for other areas also .

Salt formed by reaction between poly alkenoic acid

and Calcium aluminoflurosilicate glass .

GIC was as restoration materials Indicated generally

for the low stress areas ( class III & V )
 Glass Ionomer Cements ( GIC )
in further development some of the uses of dental
cement beside Restoration be
- Pulp Protection
- Luting /Cementation Restoration
- core build up
- Surgical dressing
The History Development of GICs
• Developed in England, Wilson and Kent (1972) I reported on it.
(Conventional )
• G I C, recommended only for rest. Class V abrasion, however,
poor aesthetics & translucency.
• Furthermore, research by the manufactory, produced several
units with several function, Restoration, Lining & base, core
buildup
 HISTORY
developed by Wilson & Kent in 1972 .
Wilson-Kent (72) – chemistry
McClean-W ilson (74) – clinical

Yogi etal - 1992 – GI cement is used as a sealent for

partially erupted permanent molars .

Groll etal – 1993 – Recommended light curable glass

polyalkeonate for amalgam replacement .

Althadaing etal - 1994 – light cured glass ionomer

for repairing furcated
areas on the pulpal floor .

Thevadans etal – 1996 – Mixing of 4 % NaF with GIC.

Glass-ionomer cements – initial formulations

• acid-soluble glass

• polyacrylic acid (~ 50 vol. %) dissolved in

water
Classification
Glass Ionomer Cements ( GICs ),
( Sherwood Anand, 2010; Mount GJ, Briant RW, 1998 ), there are
three :
– Type I : Luting
– Type II : RESTORATIF :1. Estetic
2. Reinforce ( fisik )
– Type III : liners/ Base
Liners P/L ratio : (1,5) : 1
Base P/L ratio : 3 : 1 or more
CLASSIFICATION

TYPE I - Luting • TYPE I - Luting

• TYPE II - Restoration
TYPE II – Resoration . • TYPE III - Liners & Bases
• TYPE IV - Resin modified
TYPE III – Liners and bases .
• TYPE V - Metal modified
TYPE IV - Pit and fissure sealants .• TYPE VI - Ceromers
• TYPE VII - Compomers
TYPE V – Orthodontic cements . • TYPE VIII - Geriatric
• TYPE IX - Pediatric
TYPE VI – Core built up.
 Variations of GIC
• There are :

- Conventional

- Hybrid Ionomer Cement (RMGI) = Resin Modified Glass

Ionomer )

- Polyacid- Modified Composite Resin (Compomer)

 Resin Modified Glass Ionomer ( RMGI)
• Conventional GI + methacrylate resin, can release F ions,
contains the monomer primerily HEMA (Hydroxy Ethyl
MetAcrylate)
• RMGI is more used than GI convent, light polymerization so
work time is longer, fast hardens
• Very good physical & esthetic shift if only indicated for areas
where aesthetic dimension is not critical
 PROPERTIES

Resistance to wear as they are stronger and tougher .

Poor esthetics due metallic color

Less pulpal irritation

Release Fluor ionic

Posses anticariogenic
Conventional Conventional
glass-ionomer Resin-composite

Polyacid-modified
Resin-modified GI resin composite
Composition
• Powder : Aluminosilicate from silicate
concist : - SiO2( quartz )
- Al2O3 ( alumina)
- CaF2 (fluorite)
- Al3AlF6(cryolite)
- AlF3
- Na3PO4
Liquid : Acrylic acid from polycarboxylic, Tartaric acid
 POWDER
acid soluble calcium fluoro aluminosilicate glass

SiO2 -35-40%

Al2O3 -20-25%

AlF3 -1.5-3 %

CaF2 -15-20 %

NaF -4-10 %

AlPO4 -1-15 %
 LIQUID
40 -50% acidic solution……

Poly acrylic acid .

Tartaric acid .

Water.
Preparat
• Commercially, there are two formula
1. Powder & liquid in separate bottles
manual mixing
2. capsule
This is the same as amalgamator
Glass-ionomer Restorative: hand-mixed powder – liquid products:

Acid – soluble
PAA etc glass
in water

protective
varnish
 ADVANTAGES
➢ Tooth coloured material .

➢ It will adhere directly to both enamel and dentine

through ion exchange mechanism .

➢ Biologically active as it is capable of releasing

fluorides , calcium and phosphate .
The reasons related its using may be :
* Posses favorable quality, a long term release F
ions when exposed to oral
enviroment. Also “recharge” exposed with F
from various source, more resistant recurrent
caries so choice for patient case mentioned.
In addition may be the numerous attractive character , most
significant ability to bond chemically and fisically to dentin and
enamel by an ion exchange mechanisme. The principle negative
feature is susceptibility to brittle
fracture
Fluoride release - restorative materials

6
fluoride release (PPM) 5
24 hr
30 d
4
3
2
1
0
resin glass- resin- polyacid-
composite ionomer modified modified
GI comp.
The primarily indications, GI using as
restorations materials may be :
* Root surface caries in class V
* Slot – like in class II or III location servical if
access permit & not involving the proximal
contac.
* Root caries lesions in older patient with high
caries activity
As a restoration material, the primarily indications
for use GI :

- Root caries lesions in older patient

- Patient with high caries activity
- Cervical defect of idiopathic erosion
or abrasion origin ( if esthetic
demands not critical
Setting polymerization,

- “Tri” Cure
- “dual” cure
- “ Auto” Cure
STEPS in glass ionomer of class V
• Cavity preparation

• Conditioning of tooth preparation

•Pemasukan marix

• Proper manipulation

• Protection of cement from setting

•Pelepasan matix

• Finishing
 CAVITY PREPARATION

Proper adhesion → resistance → retention is

achieved by proper cavity preparation .

Eroded rough surfaces can be restored after

acid etching alone without proper preparation.
 CONDITIONING OF TOOTH PREPARATION

Chemical adhesion of cement with tooth surface .

Surface should be free of saliva, blood and completely

dry .

Smear layer on the cavity should be removed .

This is done by
Pumice wash
10 % polyacrylic acid
37 % H3PO4
Time 10 to 20 sec
 Shake bottle to fluff
up powder

level scoop against edge

of the half-diaphragm at
mouth of bottle.
Liquid polymeric acid Glass powder – contains
fluoride
Steps
• Routine of suggestion as follow :
- surface of the cavity prep is as smooth as possible
- Clean the surface teeth easily using pumice
& water
- Use 10% acrylic liquid for 10 sec
- Clean with water spray slowly for 10 sec.
- Dry but not over do it
 FINISHING

Related setting time, 24 hour after application

Before dismissing the patient , apply one or more layer of

protective agents .

GIC is not advised in patient with xerostomia , with

mouth breathing habits (restoration are susceptible to
dehydration) .
Adhesive Cavity Liners (Sandwich technique)

Involves using GIC as dentin replacement and a

composite to replace enamel

Surface should be coated either with an unfilled resin or

a DBA to optimize attachment.
Open sandwich restoration

Closed sandwich
restoration
REFERENCES :
• Mount, G.j., and Ngo H.C., 2016 : Material glass ionomer in Preservation
and Restoration of Tooth Structure.pp. 139- 167.
• Hatrick, Eakle, Bind. 2003 : Glass ionomer in Dental Material.pp. 73-75.
• Walms, A.D., Walsh,T.F., Burke,F.J.T.,2002, at al: Restration of
Teeth in Restorative Dentistry Pp 65,69-
• Glass ionomer : Sturdevant, Ed ke- 4, 2002.pp207-211.
• Glass Ionomer : Sturdevant , Ed ke-6, 2013, hal 86,217,229-253
• Craig, R.G, Pomer, J.M. 2004 : Compomer, glass ionomer, hybrid
ionomer. Ed.ke-8. pp. 79-83
• Sherwood, IA. 2010 : Material in Restorative Dentistry JP pp 46-51.
• Ritter A.V , Walter R, Roberson T.M , 2013 , klas III , IV , and V
direct composite and glass ionomer restoration . chapter 9 , pp 229 253
THANK YOU