Solar plastic bottle and battery-powered

LED light as an emergency light

An undergraduate thesis
Presented to
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Student
Arellano University

In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements for
Senior High School

by
Ranier S. Avellano
Elizandro Dominic I. Dailo
Jeremiah A. Ildefonso
Jay C. Joseph
Ferdinand Blaire C. Animas
Emmanuel Hernandez
Jascha Jaiannah Eischelle P. Santos
Johnrick T. Tuazon
Marion Claudette A. Abayon
Kit Delacruz
Argie Ilogon
John Oliver Gersalia
June, 2022
 Chapter I
The Problem and It’s background
Introduction
We know light is used for us to have vision, but have you ever noticed how

does light affects us? According to De Kort, light affects our quality of life, and light is

very important to our life, because it is used to set up the mood or emotion of people,

also light affects our alertness, activeness, and performance. According to

Christoffersen, light is an essential factor to keep up our natural daily living, we should

be in an extreme light light in daytime and low exposure in light in night time, exposure

in a low light in day time has bad effects in our mental health, and everytime we sleep in

dark places, we produce melatonin and exposure on light during night time hinders the

production of melatonin

According to an article made by Xinhua (2017) there are approximately 2.36

million households in the Philippines are still without electricity as of the year 2017. It

also states that a study on the Philippines, "says" the level of household electrification in

the country stood at 89.6 percent, leaving 2.36 million households without electricity and

many other areas with a limited service of only four to six hours per day." And as stated

by PopulationPyramid.net, the Philippines on 2017 have a total population of

105,172,921 Filipinos. If both articles are to be merged, on 2017 there were around

10.4% or 11,569,021(2.36 households) of Filipinos without electricity in their household.

Like numerous nations in South East Asia, the Philippines faces challenges of

population growth and rising of energy demand. Frequent tropical storms, meanwhile,

adversely impacting its energy infrastructure and thus resulting to power crisis on some

areas in the country according to Energypedia (2018). All stated issues like population
growth, natural disasters, lack of energy makes the light source a necessity and

necessary emergency source of light.

This product will contribute to all, given that people need a light source to their

everyday lives. The main goal of our product is to create a reliable lamp that will serve

as a light source in times of emergency and when people don't have any light source,

especially the people who lives in the slumps so the product can help them gain access

to a light source, this solar light bulb will help people to have a cheap lamp that is

reliable in the long run and potentially save a lot of money. The readers can benefit from

this also because the knowledge and information that we might give to people through

this paper can help them create the solar battery-powered light bulb step by step. The

product can give new ideas and concepts that inspire new studies that could help them

develop another project and improve the quality of living.

This study will contribute meaningfully not only in the field of sustainability but

also in long term solution for alternative ways to get light. The study will give a new and

fresh look on water bottle recycling giving it another useful purpose. Creating a recycled

product will give us one step closer towards saving mother earth and preserving

different kinds of life so that the future generations can see with their own eyes what

had we seen. Making this product will give rural places with energy and electricity

shortage an alternative source of light that will not affect their daily budget due to it is

recycled and most materials are right at the comfort of their own home. Sustainability is

one of the key ingredients for long-term solutions.

(significance)
Conceptual Framework

Statement of the problem

This study generally aims to introduce alternative ways of generating light

sources during day and nighttime.

Specifically, this study is focused on presenting other solutions in producing

light, it also seeks answers to the following questions:

1. What are the characteristics/specifications of solar plastic bottle and battery power

LED:

1.1 bulb shape

1.2 life

1.3 brightness
 1.4 color rendering

1.5 connections

1.6 components

1.7 natural light

1.8 base

2. How effective is the solar plastic bottles and battery powered LED as an alternative

light bulb in terms of:

2.1 color temperature

2.2 watts/lumens

2.3 refraction of light rays

3. What are the potentials of solar bottle and battery-powered as an alternative light

bulb?
Research Hypothesis

the hypothesis of this SIP according to the researchers, is there is a significant

of using the solar plastic bottle as an alternative light bulb on people's emergency use.

The researchers believe that the people will benefit this project as an essential

emergency use, Such as using the emergency light bulb as a source of light when a

disaster happens. Although there are some negative sides in creating this emergency

light bulb like it will need money to create this product, Though the researchers still

thinks that it will still be effective and significant because the people does not need to

spend a lot of money to create this product.

As nullifying the current hypothesis will accept the alternative hypothesis as

shown below:

H0 : There are many solutions on producing light such as solar plastic bottles and

battery powered LED.

H1: There are no other solutions even solar plastic bottles and battery powered LED are

not effective in producing a light.

Scopes and Delimitation

The scope of this study is limited to examine the use of solar plastic bottles

and battery-powered LED as an alternative light bulb. This study also discusses its

potentials and significance to people, the environment, society, and other study

beneficiaries. The researchers will use a battery-powered LED and sunlight, refracting it

in a water-bleach mixture, to illuminate an entire room. Furthermore, the focus of this

study was primarily to discover the effectiveness of using a battery-powered LED

instead of a solar-powered bulb.

This study will be completed with restricted amount of time and with limited

resources; thus, the researchers will only be able to provide one product. The study was

conducted at Arellano University – Andres Bonifacio Campus during the first semester

of school year 2021-2022.

Significance of the Study

Because this study aims to create a prototype that emits light from sunlight in

daytime and from a battery-powered lightbulb in times of emergencies, it will be of

benefit to the residents— those who are saving and conserving energy and households

that do not have access or do not have enough money to cover the costs of electricity.

This study will also be beneficial to the future researchers for they can continue to

innovate and improve the said subject with more information and new technologies that

may be available in the course of time.

Definition of terms

The following terms are defined using an operational approach to provide

further understanding.

Adversely - It refers to the negative, harmful or unfavorable effect of a stated or

identified cause.

Battery powered LED - It is a small bulb that produces light powered by the battery.

Electrification - It refers to the ability to power a machine or something by the use of

electricity.

Nullifying - It means invalidity or incompetence.

Numerous - It refers to the large number or broad numbers.

Prototype - the first, original or preliminary model of something

Solar plastic bottle - It is an alternative bulb that produces light through sunlight.
 Chapter II
Review of Related Literatures and Studies
Characteristics/Specification

Carroll claims to have a FIPEL in his office that has been operational for a

decade. The fact that FIPEL produces almost no heat and converts almost all of the

electrical energy into light is most likely the explanation for its extraordinary immutability.

The polymer will most likely remain stable for years without heat as a constant stressor.

The plastic bulbs, according to Carroll, are inexpensive to produce and contain

no mercury or other toxic ingredients. As we previously stated, the light quality produced

by Carroll's FIPEL bulb is likewise highly desirable, perfectly matching the solar

spectrum (i.e. not too yellow or blue). C already has a "corporate partner" on board

According to Bansod et al, Liter of light lasts up to 10 months.

According to energizer, AAA batteries lasts up to 2years on devices such as

flashlights. Tentative

According to Diode Dynamics, altering the voltage lower or higher will alter the

brightness, but because it also changes the current-higher voltage means the current

will increase in an LED. And after guaranteeing that you have the right or proper voltage

available to the LED, the next step is to determine the current.

According to Science Buddies (2021), when the current increases that goes

through the LED, the brightness will also increase. Ordinarily, the prescribed current for

an LED is 20 milliamperes (mA) or less. Above the value, the lifetime of the LED will
highly decrease. Far above this value, the LED will fail catastrophically. Catastrophic

failure can be defined as when the LED no longer emits light

According to GreenCoast, solar energy is a natural, unlimited, and renewable

energy source that emits no gases or by-products that contaminate the environment or

the air. It is sunlight converted to energy for use, just like regular electricity. People all

over the globe install solar panels to help cut down on electricity costs. The use of solar

energy does not only save you money, but the environment benefits too. Regular

electricity is produced by the use of tons of water and the burning of fossil fuels, which

have harsh effects on the environment

It is the measurement of how light will affect the subject’s appearance of

colour. The higher the CRI is the closer you will get to the “true color” of the subject. A

well-lighted room can present a natural colour of the subject while a dim-lighted room

could lower the quality of the colour.

According to HowStuffWorks (2011), electrons flow out of the negative

terminal of the battery, through the bulb and back into the positive side of the battery to

make the bulb light up. The wires connect to the battery and serve as the path for the

energy to travel through to power up the light source. According to American Chemical

Society (2008), electricity will only flow through a complete circuit. It will require a

source like the battery and be connected to a conductor, which are the wires. Once the

electricity has travelled into the device, it will flow back out through another wire and

back to the battery.

 According to Diaz (2013), chlorine bleach plays the role of destroying the

microorganisms that could proliferate inside the bottles, reducing the clarity of the water.

As for maintenance, water and bleach must be replaced, but only every five years. It is

not clear how long the beverage bottles hold up in this role but replacing them should

not be too great a hurdle. Solar bottle bulbs are a wonderfully safe, cheap, energy-

efficient lighting technology being supplied to those who need it most.

According to Strickland (2019), using natural light in a room reduces the need

for additional lighting during the day. It is an excellent way to save money on electricity

bills as well as to reduce energy consumption and minimizing the negative impact of

artificial light in the environment. Natural light is also good for the mind and body as it

can increase productivity and improves concentration. The overall warmth of natural

light contributes to an alluring atmosphere in every corner of a room.

1.8 walang nakaassign

Effectiveness

2.1 Jascha

According to Alfredo Moser, a Brazilian mechanic, devised a means to light his

home during the day without using electricity in 2002. Moser's remedy consisted of a

plastic container filled with water and demonstrate how sunlight refract. The

phenomenon of refraction has now spread around the world, with over one million

houses projected to be illuminated this year.

 According to Alfredo Moser, a Brazilian mechanic, devised a means to light his

home during the day without using electricity in 2002. Moser's remedy consisted of a

plastic container filled with water and demonstrate how sunlight refract. The

phenomenon of refraction has now spread around the world, with over one million

houses projected to be illuminated this year.

Potentials

According to Bansod and Wandile (2015), when the sunrays fall on water, they

slightly change direction, which is known as refraction. It functions similarly to a prism

deck. Installing a solar water bottle on the roof acts as a spotlight. Light passing through

the hole would produce a single, straight, narrow light beam. The water in the solar

bottle bulb refracts the light, allowing it to illuminate a larger area, 360 degrees around.

The intensity of light is determined by the intensity of the sunrays. Furthermore,

because good sunlight refraction and reflection require a clear water medium, adding

bleach to water will be beneficial since it prevents the formation of algae and bacteria.

While standard windows can easily fracture or leak during typhoon season or

other extreme weather, the Solar Bottle Bulb brings even more light in while also saving

money and energy. The bulbs not only improve the lives of people, but they also benefit

the environment's future and health by drastically reducing plastic waste