The student nurse plans to ask some questions about the treatment beliefs so

that she can address her concerns. The follow up questions are as follows: Do you and
your partner practice safe sex every time you have sexual intercourse? Do you know
how HIV is transmitted? Do you consider to use condoms if having an intercourse
with your partner? The priority focus that I should consider during her physical
examination is her skin because the patient might have signs and symptoms from any
stage of HIV infection. Acute seroconversion is characterized by a flu-like disease
characterized by fever, malaise, and a generalized rash.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks the immune system,

weakening people's defenses against a variety of diseases and cancers that healthy
immune systems can combat. Infected people become immunodeficient as the virus
kills and inhibits the function of immune cells. The CD4 cell count is commonly used
to assess immune function.

In order to become infected, a sufficient dose, or concentration and amount, of

HIV must be present. The reservoir is the "source" patient's blood or bodily fluids;
anyone with HIV can be an HIV source. The means of escape refers to how the source
patient's blood or bodily fluids leave the source patient. The above-mentioned mode
of transmission is by direct contact with infected blood or body fluids. Non-intact
skin, which can develop as a result of unprotected intercourse, injecting drug usage, or
spilling onto mucous membranes, is the main route of entrance. The most common
way for HIV to spread is through sexual contact with an infected partner. HIV can
also be passed from person to person through contact with infected blood. Sharing
needles, syringes, or drug-use equipment with someone who is HIV-positive is a
common way for the virus to spread. HIV can be spread through the interchange of a
number of bodily fluids, including blood, breast milk, sperm, and vaginal secretions,
from infected persons. During pregnancy and delivery, HIV can be passed from a
woman to her child. Individuals cannot contract the virus by everyday contact such as
kissing, hugging, shaking hands, or sharing personal items, food, or water.

To break the chain of HIV, Encouraging them to take the A-B-C precautions:
Abstaining from sex, Being faithful to a single faithful partner, and using Condoms
for each and every sexual act. Known drug users should also be advised not to share
needles. Knowing the fundamentals of HIV can help them stay healthy and prevent
the spread of the virus.

The Antibody screening tests look for protein produced by the body between 2
to 8 weeks after being infected with HIV. These tests are often known as
immunoassays or ELISA testing. Antibody testing check for HIV antibodies in your
blood or saliva. After an encounter, antibody testing might take anywhere from 23 to
90 days to identify HIV infection. If they get a negative result, it means they don't
have HIV. Antibodies and antigens for HIV might take many weeks to appear in the
body. If HIV test results are negative, the doctor may request further testing at a later
time. But if the test results are positive, they will be given another test to confirm the
diagnosis. If both tests come back positive, they have HIV. Although there is no cure
for HIV, it can be properly managed with medication. Antiretroviral treatment is the
name of the drug that is used to treat HIV (ART). The quantity of HIV in the blood
can be dramatically reduced with ART. People with HIV who start taking
antiretroviral therapy (ART) before the disease progresses can live long and healthy
lives.

Within 2 to 4 weeks of infection, some patients have flu-like symptoms

(called acute HIV infection). These signs and symptoms might persist anywhere from
a few days to many weeks. Fever, chills, rash, night sweats, muscle pains, sore throat,
fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and mouth ulcers are all possible symptoms. They may
develop other signs and symptoms when the virus affects their immune system,
including as enlarged lymph nodes, weight loss, fever, diarrhea, and cough. They
might acquire serious illnesses including tuberculosis (TB), cryptococcal meningitis,
severe bacterial infections, and malignancies like lymphomas and Kaposi's sarcoma if
they don't get treatment.

The following are the priority management in HIV. First, discuss the need of
proper nutrition, moderate exercise, enough rest, and quick treatment of opportunistic
illnesses in order to stay healthy. Second, ensure that the client knows and well
informed of the risks and benefits of transmitting the virus to future sexual partners
after receiving an HIV-positive test result. Third, one way to reduce the anxiety of
couples, I suggest to undergo counseling sessions and make appointments because it
is a supportive connection that helps people understand and solve difficulties, as well
as communicate more effectively with others around them. Lastly, advise client to use
condoms every time they have anal or vaginal intercourse, select activities that
provide little to no danger, such as oral sex, don't inject drugs, and don't share
needles, syringes, or other drug injection equipment with others.