1. Why was the method used by Socrates called ‘intellectual midwifery’?

At first, the soul knows everything, but it turns into ignorance when it enters
the body. The act of asking questions and answering the truth about all the
things we knew in our past lives that are secretly buried within us,
Intellectual Midwifery, will come from ourselves. Through the process
known as Intellectual Midwifery, that ignorance will once again become
knowledgeable.

2. Explain the concept of ‘Imago Dei’ in the philosophy of St. Augustine.

The picture of God was undoubtedly made for us, but that doesn't mean
that we look the same as him. To say that we human beings are in God's
likeness, I would say that there is something sacred with us, that we have
unique qualities that no other creature has. There is something in us that is
God-like, that is the same with God in moral, spiritual, and intellectual
existence.

3. For Descartes, how can he be truly sure that he exists?

He exists by clearly thinking and doubting by using the word "Cogito Ergo
Sum" (I think, therefore I am). He should not question that he exists when,
in the first place, he is the one who doubts. There must be a mind that
focuses on the doubt. The mind is, to put it plainly, solely thinking.

4. Discuss the Memory Theory of John Locke.

This theory is the best and most effective evidence of our existence as an
individual by remembering the experiences we have engaged in in the past.
You are the same person if you recall the things you did in the past. This
does not mean that if you have lost any of the experiences you have made
in the past, it does not influence your current life. There will come a
moment when you will recall those lost memories. Also, you may still be
aware of the present while being able to recall the past.
5. Why did Hume doubt that there is an idea of the self?
The mind has the ability to abstract or merge multiple concepts that can
create a new one. By clearly explaining that the mind has a lot of
imaginations that are derived from experiences, Hume doubts that there is
an idea of self. Lots of things in our heads are not in the real world. He then
said that the self is not permanent and that it will continue to change.

6. Discuss responsible freedom in the Philosophy of Kant.

A person is essentially free and has the capacity to decide for himself, and
we have a reason and a free will as well. Freedom is doing what you have
oath to do, the ability to regulate one's actions based on a reason, not with
desire. We are doing what we believe is right, not because it's something
that was asked for.

7. Differentiate Ryle and Churchland.

The theory of Ryle is how to know the contents of a person’s mind, and the
only access to know the contents of a person’s mind to examine his/her
behavior. While Churchland’s philosophy is how to understand a person’s
mind by examining his/her brain, that the mind is synonymous with the
brain. If you want to know a person, know the contents of the mind, and if
you want to know the contents of the mind, analyze, and study the
workings of the brain. For Ryle, the self is the way people behave while
Churchland claims that the self is the brain.

8. What is the main difference between the Philosophical Approach and

the Socio-Anthropological Approach?
Philosophical Approach lays out a thorough view of who you are, including
your decisions, attitudes, motivations, talents, tools and coping strategies,
and the psychology of your actions, or why you act like you do. While the
Socio-Anthropological approach notes that the self is the result of society,
the creation of the self is embodied in one's community, so that for its own
intent and gain, the self may create, change or restore it. To simply put,
philosophical focuses on the human nature while the socio anthropological
prioritizes the social practices
9. What is cultural relativism?
Cultural relativism is the belief that all beliefs, customs, and ethics are
relative to the individual within its own social context, right and wrong are
culture specific. What is considered moral in one society can be considered
immoral in another society, and since there is no universal standard of
morality, no one has the right to judge the cultural beliefs of another
society. The diversity of cultures, even those with conflicting moral beliefs,
is not to be considered in terms of right and wrong or good and bad. All
cultures are worthy of their rights and are of equal value. We strive to
understand the values and actions of another person from their culture's
viewpoint rather than our own.

10. What is the main difference between Socio-Anthropological Approach

and Psychological Approach?
Socio-Anthropological approach notes that the self is the result of society,
the creation of the self is embodied in one's community, so that for its own
intent and gain, the self may create, change or restore it. While the
Psychological approach is the way of how you describe yourself for it
attempts to explain it in a personal and cognitive context. It is how the
individual and his environment shape his/her personality.

11. An unexamined life is not worth living.

Our life is an inevitable pool of different trials and quests. These come to
make us a better and strong person. People who are brave and
invulnerable are tested through time. Life which faced many obstacles is
something one should be proud of. Thus, let us be proud with our bruises
and scars because these are spices of life which make it worthy to love and
live more.

12. The ego is not master in its own house.

Our ego represents our reality but being controlled and influenced by our
personal desires and pleasure. Our mind tells us the things we need to
pursue and our needs to be fulfilled but because we have our own
pleasures to satisfy. This is a battle of wants and needs. Sometimes, there
are things we need to prioritize but these are neglected because we pursue
our 'wants'. The ego is not the master of its own house because it is just
the one who makes the decision that the Id and Super-ego made.

13. Children must be taught how to think, not what to think.

Children should be taught how to think because the mind of a child is like a
blank paper that must be filled in. This is where experiences, learning, and
knowledge come in. For the child to grow, they had to be nurtured. With
their mindset, they should be guided by what to think. Adults need to
expand their techniques on how children are taught to be creative.

14. You are very powerful, provided you know how powerful you are.
As we go through battles of life, we are becoming more familiar with our
strength. We discover the power that energizes of our totality. We are the
only ones who know the command of our mind and body. We are the
controller of power within us.

15. There is nothing noble about being superior to some other man. The
true nobility is in being superior to your previous self.
Acting like superior to some other man does not make you cool, rather than
looking down on another person, you must go for self-improvement.
Comparing yourself to others does not make you less and greater. There is
where you need to be superior, surpass your previous self. Life is an
experience we need to fetch a lot of lessons. Despite mistakes and trials in
the past, what matters most is you learned a lesson and make a promise
that you will never repeat those mistakes anymore, in that way, you are
becoming more superior and being a genuine noble.