REINFORCED CONCRETE

STRUCTURES 1 – CI2091
ds2 hfcd As2
fydAs2
MEd lx hfcdAc
Ac
h

As1
fydAs1
ds1

Instructor: Ho Huu Chinh Email: chohuu@hcmut.edu.vn

 Chapter 5
Member under shear
(Quiz 2)

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Stress field and shear behavior
5.3 Shear resistance
5.4 Shear design

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_01

 5.1 Introduction
• Shear force and bending moment generally act simultaneously
a < 2h a < 2h

h h
L > 5h L < 4h
M M

V V

Differents cracking patterns of concrete beams


Bending is dominant → ductile failure Shear is dominant → brittle failure

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_02

 5.1 Introduction
• Types of cracking in concrete beams

Recommend:

   - to avoid
brittle failure.
  - To design
shear safety
higher than
flexure safety.

 Flexure cracks is due to moment → ductile failure only → ☺

 Web-shear cracks is due to shear → brittle failure only → 
 Flexural-shear cracks is due to moment + shear → brittle failure → 
Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_03
 5.1 Introduction
• How to prevent shear failure in RC beam ?
This failure mode occurs in beams under concentrated loads or deep beams.

Shear failure zone Flexure failure zone Shear failure zone

Inclined crack Stirrups

Inclined bar Flexural crack Longitudinal bar

• Shear resistance, after

cracking, is provided
in forms of stirrups Inclined bar
(links) or/and inclined Longitudinal bar
Stirrups
bars (bent-up).

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_04

 5.2 Stress field and shear behavior
• Stresses in beams

(compression)

(tension)

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_05

 5.2 Stress field and shear behavior
• Principal stress trajectories in RC beam

s1
s2
• How does the RC beam resist principal stresses ?

Inclined stirrup Asw,inc Vertical stirrup Asw,ver

Flexural rebar As

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_06

 5.2 Stress field and shear behavior
av
• The shear failure
mechanism is Type 1: Moment failure
complex and av > 5d is dominant
depends on the
av
shear span av
defined as the
Type 2: Shear failure
distance
2d < av < 5d is dominant
between the
support and the
major av
concentrated
Type 3: Shear failure
load acting on
d < av < 2d - short span
the span.
av
Type 4: Shear failure
av < d - short span

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_07

 5.3 Shear resistance
Nu

q Shear resistance of plain concrete

is provided by 3 components:

As

VEd
Shear force Vc taken by compressed concrete

Shear force Va taken by friction along the crack (aggregate interlock)

Shear force Vs taken by tensioned reinforcement (dowel action)

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_08

 5.3 Shear resistance
• Shear resistance of beam without shear reinforcement (EC2 - 6.2.2)

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_09

 5.3 Shear resistance
• Example 1 (shear resistance of concrete only)

• Solution

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_10

 5.3 Shear resistance
Nu

As

VEd
→ NO SHEAR REINFORCEMENT IS NEED

→ NECESSARY TO PROVIDE/DESIGN
SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_11

 5.3 Shear resistance
Nu

q
Shear resistance
is provided by the
yielding of vertical
As stirrup, VRd,s

VEd
Shear force Vc taken by compressed concrete

Shear force Va taken by friction along the crack (aggregate interlock)

Shear force Vs taken by tensioned reinforcement (dowel action)

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_12

 5.3 Shear resistance
Nu

Shear resistance is
provided by the
yielding of inclined
q
stirrup, VRd,s
As

VEd
Shear force Vc taken by compressed concrete

Shear force Va taken by friction along the crack (aggregate interlock)

Shear force Vs taken by tensioned reinforcement (dowel action)

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_13

 5.3 Shear resistance
• Crushing resistance of compression struts (EC2 - 6.2.3)
Shear force VEd , which can be sustained by the member, is limited by
crushing resistance VRd,max of the compression struts:

a q

D
D
(A’s) (As) (Asw)

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_14

 5.3 Shear resistance
• Shear resistance of beam with vertical stirrup (EC2 - 6.2.3)

vertical stirrup shown as:

vertical stirrup
s
VEd

z = 0.9d

Maximum area of vertical stirrup

when cot q = 1 (q = 45):
vertical stirrup Asw

z cotq

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_15

 5.3 Shear resistance
• Shear resistance of beam with inclined stirrups (EC2 - 6.2.3)

inclined stirrup shown as:

a q

D
D inclined stirrup Asw

Maximum area of inclined stirrup when cot q = 1 (q = 45):

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_16

 5.3 Shear resistance
• Comparison of shear resistance
between BS8110 vs Eurocode 2

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_17

 5.3 Shear resistance
• Strut angle limits:

▪ Variable strut method allows a shallower strut angle

– hence activating more stirrups (links).

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_18

 5.3 Shear resistance
• Shear resistance in short-shear spans with direct strut action (EC2 - 6.2.3)

0.75av VEd 0.75av VEd

= 0.5d-2d = 0.5d-2d

Where 0.5d ≤ av ≤ 2d the applied shear force, VEd , for a point load (corbel,
pile cap…) may be reduced by a factor b = av/2d, i.e. VEd,red = bVEd and two
requirements must be satisfied as follows:
+ The longitudinal reinforcement is fully anchored at the support.
+ Only that total shear reinforcement, SAsw , provided within the central 0.75av is
included in the shear resistance, i.e. VRd,s = SAsw fywd sina

Checking: VEd,red < min (VRd,max ; VRd,s)

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_19

 5.4 Shear design
• Design procedure for shear
1. Calculate the design shear force VEd . If av = 0.5d-2d → use the reduce shear VEd,red

2. Calculate the design resistance VRd,c . If VEd < VRd,c → no shear reinforcement is
required, but a minimum value Asw,min should always be provided

3. If VEd > VRd,c → shear reinforcement is required

4. Set V = VRd,max and calculate the value of cot θ

5. Check that cot θ is within the limits of 1.0 and 2.5

6. If it is outside the limits for minimum shear reinforcement, choose the maximum
value within the limits and calculate the corresponding value of VRd,max and ensure
that it is larger than VEd (and if VEd > VRd,max → must increase concrete section)

7. Calculate the required shear reinforcement Asw,req and check that minimum shear
reinforcement Asw,min has been provided. Check the longitudinal spacings of rebars

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_20

 5.4 Shear design
• Detailing of shear reinforcement s

Asw
1. Minimum area of shear rebar (EC2 - 9.2.2)
a
As

av

2. Maximum area of shear rebar (EC2 - 6.2.3) For vertical shear rebars
(links or stirrups), a = 90
thus sina = 1 and cota = 0

3. The longitudinal spacing of vertical shear reinforcement (links or stirrups):

smax = 150mm at the laps in the bars As
smax = 0.75 d but ≤ 600mm at other places

4. The longitudinal spacing of inclined shear reinforcement (bent-up bars):

smax = 0.75 d ( 1 + cota ) but ≤ 600mm

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_21

 5.4 Shear design
• Detailing of shear reinforcement

Maximum spacing of shear reinforcement :

smax = 0.75 d but ≤ 600mm for links or stirrups

smax = 0.75 d ( 1 + cota ) but ≤ 600mm for bent-up bars

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_22

 5.4 Shear design
• Example 2 (design vertical stirrups)

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_23

 5.4 Shear design
• Solution Ex.2

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_24

 5.4 Shear design
• Solution Ex.2

1.25

40630
176 mm

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_25

 5.4 Shear design
• Solution Ex.2

176 mm

Select s = 150mm from

f8@150

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_26

 5.4 Shear design
• Example 3 (design vertical stirrups)

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_27

 5.4 Shear design
• Solution Ex.3

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_28

 5.4 Shear design
• Solution Ex.3

1.25

52990
s 336 mm
s

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_29

 5.4 Shear design
• Solution Ex.3

336 mm

Select s = 250mm from

f10@250

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_30

 5.4 Shear design
• Example 4 (design bent-up rebars)

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_31

 5.4 Shear design
• Solution Ex.4

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_32

 5.4 Shear design
• Solution Ex.4

1.25

16280 102 mm

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_33

 5.4 Shear design
• Solution Ex.4

102 mm

Select s = 100mm from

f8@100

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_34

 5.4 Shear design
• Solution Ex.4

1.25

419kN

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_35

 5.4 Shear design
• Homework 4
400mm 200mm

sreq = ?

200

sreq = 240mm

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_36

 5.4 Shear design
• Homework 5

Shear diagram of the beam And provide links along the

beam length using EC2.

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_37

 5.4 Shear design
• Homework 6

Wu = 1.35 Gk + 1.5 Qk

Chapter 5: Member under shear page V_38

 REINFORCED CONCRETE
STRUCTURES 1 – CI2091
Quiz 2:
Design for shear

Chapter 5: Member under shear