Chemical Bonds Ionic Covalent Metallic

Chemical Compound made of Compound made of Compound made

Structure network of ions molecules or diatomic of
called formula units molecules Atoms in metals
(alloys)
Valence Transfer of Polar bonds: Share Valence electrons
electrons oppositely valence electrons are delocalized or
(outermost charged valence equally free to move
energy level) electrons Nonpolar Bonds:
Unequal sharing of
electrons
Bonding Consist of Positive Consist of molecules Consist of only
ion: cation (metal) made of nonmetals metals
Negative ion: anion
(nonmetal)
Properties Malleable, ductile, Brittle, Soft, and Dull Same as ionic
Hard, and Lustrous Low melting point
High melting point Low boiling point
High boiling point
Conductivity good conductor of poor conductor of good conductor of
electricity in aqueous electricity electricity
form (nonelectrolyte/
(electrolyte) dimmer)
States of matter Mostly solids Solids, liquids, or gases Mostly solids
Aqueous in the liquid
state
Binary Full name of metal *Numerical prefixes n/a for this class
Nomenclature and –ide suffix on *No mono on 1 st

the nonmetal element

-ide suffix at the end
Polyatomic Use criss-cross **Special rules for n/a
nomenclature method w/ cation and acids and other covalent
anion compounds
Writing Formulas of Simple Organic Compounds:
Straight-Chain Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons with a
single chain between each molecule
Formula: simple alkanes (CnH2n+2)
Table 21.2 p. 751 List the 1st Ten of the Alkane Series
Alkenes: Unsaturated Hydrocarbons with one or more
double covalent bonds between carbon atoms in a chain
Formula: simple alkenes (CnH2n)
Alkynes: Unsaturated Hydrocarbons that contain one or
more triple bonds between carbon atoms in a chain
Formula: simple alkynes (CnH2n-2)
Alcohol: An organic compound in which a hydroxyl group
replaces a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon
Formula: alcohols (CH3-OH)