Esame di stato 23 Giugno, 2021

L'ALIENAZIONE
George Orwell: "Nineteen Eighty-Four"
I regimi totalitari: Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini
Hannah Arendt: "The origins of totalitarianism"
Ferdinand Celine: "Voyage au bout de la nuit"
Karl Marx: "Manuscrits économico-philosopfiques"
Luigi Pirandello: "Serafino Gubbio Operatore"

Melanie Fontanella
NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR
A glimpse into what would happen if the government controlled
every detail of a person's life...

The protagonist is Winston Smith.

Big Brother controls what people say, think, read or do. It has invented
the language "New Speak" to eliminate political rebellion.
Alienation is inevitable in a society like this.
The main character is in dissent with society, and he continues to
question, love and think.
THE OBJECT OF POWER IS POWER
“We are not interested in the good of others; we are
interested solely in power. Not wealth or luxury or 10 long
life or happiness: only power, pure power. [...] Power is not
a means; it is an end. One does not establish a
dictatorship in order to safeguard a revolution; one makes
the revolution in order to establish the dictatorship. The
object of persecution is persecution. The object of torture
is torture. The object of power is power.”
 TOTALITARIAN REGIMES
The term "totalitarianism" was coined in the first half of the 1920s by historians
to indicate those regimes that excerted their control on society.
Dictatorial regimes, were defined:
Stalin's Communism
Mussolini's Fascism
Hitler's Nazism
 THE ORIGINS OF TOTALITARIANISM
Divided into three parts:
Anti-Semitism
Imperialism
Totalitarianism
Those regime contributes to the
destruction of the life: people are
made insignificant, every social
relationship is cut off.
There is a RADICAL EVIL, that
deprives people of every human
aspect.
VOYAGE AU BOUT DE LA NUIT
Évoque l'aliénation des masses ouvrières, une représentation critique du
monde du travail.
Le protagoniste c'est Ferdinand
Bardamu qui convie le lecteur à un
tour du monde et des métiers.
LE TRAVAIL A LA CHAÎNE
«Ça ne vous servira à rien ici vos études, mon garçon! Vous n'êtes pas
venu ici pour penser, mais pour faire les gestes qu'on vous
commandera d'exécuter… Nous n'avons pas besoin d'imaginatifs dans
notre usine. C'est de chimpanzés dont nous avons besoin…
Un conseil encore. Ne me parlez plus jamais de votre intelligence! On
pensera pour vous mon ami! Tenez-vous le pour dit. »
MANUSCRITS ÉCONOMICO-
PHILOSOPHIQUES
Le travailleur est aliéné de quatre manières
differentes:
Aliéné par rapport au PRODUIT
Aliéné de sa propre ACTIVITÉ
Aliéné de sa propre ESSENCE
Aliéné par rapport AUX AUTRES
SERAFINO GUBBIO OPERATORE
Lutte contre l'alienation
mécanique et les dangers des
innovations technologiques.

La machine soumet et asservit

l'homme qui devient inutile dans ce
monde.
 LA MACHINE QUI MECANISE LA VIE
“E l’amico mio fa per andarsene avvilito, quando si sente
richiamare. – «Aspetta», – dice. – «Se ti adatti, ci sarebbe da
fare un servizio... Non sarebbe per te; ma, se tu hai bisogno...» È
introdotto in un reparto speciale, silenzioso; e lì il proto gli
mostra una macchina nuova: un pachiderma piatto, nero, basso;
una bestiaccia mostruosa, che mangia piombo e caca libri. È
una monotype perfezionata. [...]
«Tu non hai che a darle da mangiare di tanto in tanto i suoi pani
di piombo, e starla a guardare». [...] Ebbene: si trova davanti
un’altra macchina, un pianoforte automatico, un cosidetto
piano-melodico.
Gli dicono: «Tu col tuo violino devi accompagnare quello
strumento lì!» – Capisci? Un violino, nelle mani d’un uomo,
accompagnare un rotolo di carta traforata, introdotto nella
pancia di quell’altra macchina lì!”