Name: Muhammad Talha

Roll no: 2019-CE-29

Sec-A Pr1
LAB 1
LAB TASKs
Task1: Write down the types of LAN Cards.
LAN Card Types
Some LAN cards look like credit cards.
Some cards, such as a PCMCIA card, can be used in a laptop. There are many other ways of
connecting the LAN card to a computer. Some cards are connected via the USB port, some via
the PCI port inside of the computer, and some are even embedded inside of the computer.
Most laptops today have integrated LAN cards both for wired and wireless networking.
A PCI card goes inside of a PC computer. The card shows an Ethernet port, which is the spot
where you plug in a network cable. The LAN card you select often determines
the protocols that are used on the network. For example, an Ethernet card will allow
communication via the Ethernet protocol. A coax card would allow for a bus topology network
and a new set of protocols. A fiber cable would have a different cable plugin, and it would likely
work with Wide Area Network protocols. The Ethernet port on a LAN card looks like a phone
jack, but it is wider and has more pins.

Task 2: Write down the types of Modem.

Types of modems
There are many types of modem.

 External Modem
 Internal Modem
 Wireless Modem
 Fax modem
 Dial-up modem
 DSL modem
 ISDN modems 

Task 3: Differentiate between manageable and unmanageable switches/bridges.

Difference between a Managed and Unmanaged Switch/bridges.
 A Managed Switch allows LAN traffic to be controlled and prioritized through configuration
changes whereas an unmanaged switch is manufactured with a standard configuration that cannot
be changed.
 Managed switches provide the tools to monitor, configure and essentially assist with improving
network performance for a consistent, stable network.

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Name: Muhammad Talha
Roll no: 2019-CE-29
Sec-A Pr1
Task 4: Describe the different types of ports in manageable switches.
Streamline the processing and transmission of data. Switch models with multiple ports are available to
support the full scope of data packet protocols. The switches can offer data link layer (2) or network layer
(3) operations. Multiport switch models come in a range of port counts and provide flexibility in
connecting wired and wireless components. They transmit packets between network segments.
Application examples for multiport managed switches include:

 Streaming audio/video
 Wireless networking
 IP phones
 Network storage

Task 5: Difference between Layer 2 and Layer 3 switches.

Layer 2 Switch Layer 3 Swicth

Operate on layer 2 (Data link) of OSI Operate on layer 3 (Network Layer) of OSI
model. model.

Send “frames” to destination on the basis

of MAC address. Route Packet with help of IP address

Can perform functioning of both 2 layer and

Work with MAC address only 3 layer switch

Mostly Used to implement VLAN (Virtual

Used to reduce traffic on local network. Local area network)

Quite fast as they do not look at the Layer Takes time to examine data packets before
3 portion of the data packets. sending them to their destination

It has single broadcast domain It has multiple broadcast domain.

Can communicate within a network only. Can communicate within or outside network.

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Name: Muhammad Talha
Roll no: 2019-CE-29
Sec-A Pr1
HOME TASKs
Task 1: How many computer laboratories are in the SIR SYED University? Name
them.
There is so many computer labs in Sir Syed University Of Engineering And Technology almost
5 to 6 computer lab in each department like Computer Engineering Department, Software
Engineering Department, Bachelor of Computer Science Department, Biomedical Engineering
Department etc.

Task 2: Briefly describe any four (4)-network types.

 PAN (Personal Area Network)
 LAN (Local Area Network)
 MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
 WAN (Wide Area Network)

Personal Area Network

A personal area network, or PAN, is a computer network organized around an individual person
within a single building. This could be inside a small office or residence. A typical PAN would
include one or more computers, telephones, peripheral devices, video game consoles and other
personal entertainment devices.
If multiple individuals use the same network within a residence, the network is sometimes
referred to as a home area network, or HAN. In a very typical setup, a residence will have a
single wired Internet connection connected to a modem. This modem then provides both wired
and wireless connections for multiple devices. The network is typically managed from a single
computer but can be accessed from any device.
This type of network provides great flexibility. For example, it allows you to:

 Send a document to the printer in the office upstairs while you are sitting on the couch
with your laptop.
 Upload a photo from your cell phone to your desktop computer.
 Watch movies from an online streaming service to your TV.

If this sounds familiar to you, you likely have a PAN in your house without having called it by
its name.

Local Area Network

A local area network, or LAN, consists of a computer network at a single site, typically an
individual office building. A LAN is very useful for sharing resources, such as data storage and
printers. LANs can be built with relatively inexpensive hardware, such as hubs, network adapters
and Ethernet cables.

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Name: Muhammad Talha
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The smallest LAN may only use two computers, while larger LANs can accommodate thousands
of computers. A LAN typically relies mostly on wired connections for increased speed and
security, but wireless connections can also be part of a LAN. High speed and relatively low cost
are the defining characteristics of LANs.
LANs are typically used for single sites where people need to share resources among themselves
but not with the rest of the outside world. Think of an office building where everybody should be
able to access files on a central server or be able to print a document to one or more central
printers. Those tasks should be easy for everybody working in the same office, but you would
not want somebody just walking outside to be able to send a document to the printer from their
cell phone! If a local area network, or LAN, is entirely wireless, it is referred to as a wireless
local area network, or WLAN.

Metropolitan Area Network

A metropolitan area network, or MAN, consists of a computer network across an entire city,
college campus or small region. A MAN is larger than a LAN, which is typically limited to a
single building or site. Depending on the configuration, this type of network can cover an area
from several miles to tens of miles. A MAN is often used to connect several LANs together to
form a bigger network. When this type of network is specifically designed for a college campus,
it is sometimes referred to as a campus area network, or CAN.

Wide Area Network

A wide area network, or WAN, occupies a very large area, such as an entire country or the entire
world. A WAN can contain multiple smaller networks, such as LANs or MANs. The Internet is
the best-known example of a public WAN.
Task 3: Describe the five (6) categories of UTP cable.

 Category 1—Used for telephone communications. Not suitable for transmitting data.
 Category 2—Capable of transmitting data at speeds up to 4 megabits per second (Mbps).
 Category 3—Used in 10BASE-T networks. Can transmit data at speeds up to 10 Mbps.
 Category 4—Used in Token Ring networks. Can transmit data at speeds up to 16 Mbps.
 Category 5—Can transmit data at speeds up to 100 Mbps.
 Category 5e —Used in networks running at speeds up to 1000 Mbps (1 gigabit per
second [Gbps]).
 Category 6—Typically, Category 6 cable consists of four pairs of 24 American Wire
Gauge (AWG) copper wires. Category 6 cable is currently the fastest standard for UTP.

Task 4: Briefly describe:

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Name: Muhammad Talha
Roll no: 2019-CE-29
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1) PCI Card (Peripheral Component Interconnect)
The PCI architecture, also known as "conventional PCI," was designed by Intel and
introduced in 1992. Many desktop PCs from the early 1990s to the mid-2000s had room for
two to five PCI cards. Each card required an open slot on the motherboard and a removable
panel on the back of the system unit. Adding PCI cards was an easy way to upgrade a
computer, since you could add a better video card, faster wired or wireless networking, or
add new ports, like USB 2.0.
The original 32-bit, 33 MHz PCI standard supported data transfer rates of
133 megabytes per second. An upgraded 64-bit, 66 MHz standard was created a few years
later and allowed for much faster data transfer rates up to 533 MHz. In 1998, IBM, HP, and
Compaq introduced PCI-X (or "PCI eXtended"), which was backwards compatible with PCI.
The 133 MHz PCI-X interface supported data transfer rates up to 1064 MHz.
2) ISA Card (Industry Standard Architecture)
Short for Industry Standard Architecture, ISA was introduced by IBM and headed
by Mark Dean. ISA was originally an 8-bit computer bus that was later expanded to a 16-
bit bus in 1984. When this bus was originally released, it was a proprietary bus, which
allowed only IBM to create peripherals and the actual interface. However, in the early 1980s
other manufacturers were creating the bus.
In 1993, Intel and Microsoft introduced a PnP ISA bus that allowed the computer to
automatically detect and setup computer ISA peripherals, such as a modem or sound card.
Using the PnP technology, an end-user would have the capability of connecting a device and
not having to configure the device using jumpers or dip switches.
All modern computers no longer have ISA slots and instead utilizing PCI slots. Below is
an example an ISA expansion card and ISA slot it connects into on the motherboard.
3) SCSI Port (Small Computer System Interface)

Small Computer System Interface, SCSI is pronounced as "Scuzzy" and is an interface for

disk drives that was first completed in 1982. Unlike competing standards, SCSI is capable of
supporting eight devices, or sixteen devices with Wide SCSI. However, with the SCSI host
adapter on ID number 07 and booting from the ID 00. This leaves the availability of six
device connections. In the picture below, is an example of a SCSI adapter expansion card
with an internal and external connection. Once installed in the computer, this adapter would
allow multiple SCSI devices to be installed in the computer. More advanced motherboard
may also have available SCSI connections on the motherboard.

4) AUI Port (Attachment Unit Interface)

AUI stands for Attachment Unit Interface. AUI is a portion of Ethernet standards that
specifies how a cable is going to connect to an Ethernet card. AUI is a physical and logical
interface. AUI is defined in IEEE 802.3 standard for 10BASE5 Ethernet. AUI connector is a

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Name: Muhammad Talha
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15 port coonector that provides a path between an Ethernet node’s Physical Signaling and the
Medium Attachment Unit (MAU).

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