Paris 

(French pronunciation: [paʁi] ( listen)) is the capital and most populous city of France,

with an estimated population of 2,175,601 residents as of 2018, in an area of more than
105 square kilometres (41 square miles).[4] Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of
Europe's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, gastronomy, science,
and arts. The City of Paris is the centre and seat of government of
the region and province of Île-de-France, or Paris Region, which has an estimated
population of 12,174,880, or about 18 percent of the population of France as of 2017.[5] The
Paris Region had a GDP of €709 billion ($808 billion) in 2017.[6] According to the Economist
Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey in 2018, Paris was the second most
expensive city in the world, after Singapore and ahead of Zürich, Hong Kong, Oslo,
and Geneva.[7] Another source ranked Paris as most expensive, on par with Singapore and
Hong Kong, in 2018.[8][9]
Paris is a major railway, highway, and air-transport hub served by two international
airports: Paris–Charles de Gaulle (the second-busiest airport in Europe) and Paris–Orly.[10]
[11]
 Opened in 1900, the city's subway system, the Paris Métro, serves 5.23 million
passengers daily;[12] it is the second-busiest metro system in Europe after the Moscow
Metro. Gare du Nord is the 24th-busiest railway station in the world, but the busiest located
outside Japan, with 262 million passengers in 2015.[13] Paris is especially known for its
museums and architectural landmarks: the Louvre remained the most-visited museum in
the world with 2,677,504 visitors in 2020, despite the long museum closings caused by
the COVID-19 virus.[14] The Musée d'Orsay, Musée Marmottan Monet and Musée de
l'Orangerie are noted for their collections of French Impressionist art. The Pompidou
Centre Musée National d'Art Moderne has the largest collection
of modern and contemporary art in Europe. The Musée Rodin and Musée Picasso exhibit
the works of two noted Parisians. The historical district along the Seine in the city centre
has been classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1991; popular landmarks
there include the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris on the Île de la Cité, now closed for
renovation after the 15 April 2019 fire. Other popular tourist sites include the Gothic royal
chapel of Sainte-Chapelle, also on the Île de la Cité; the Eiffel Tower, constructed for
the Paris Universal Exposition of 1889; the Grand Palais and Petit Palais, built for the Paris
Universal Exposition of 1900; the Arc de Triomphe on the Champs-Élysées, and the hill
of Montmartre with its artistic history and its Basilica of Sacré-Coeur.[15]
Paris received 12.6 million visitors in 2020, measured by hotel stays, a drop of 73 percent
from 2019, due to the COVID-19 virus. The number of foreign visitors declined by 80.7
percent.[16] Museums re-opened in 2021, with limitations on the number of visitors at a time
and a requirement that visitors wear masks.
The football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français are based
in Paris. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located
just north of Paris in the neighbouring commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the
annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of Roland Garros. The
city hosted the Olympic Games in 1900, 1924 and will host the 2024 Summer Olympics.
The 1938 and 1998 FIFA World Cups, the 2007 Rugby World Cup, as well as
the 1960, 1984 and 2016 UEFA European Championships were also held in the city. Every
July, the Tour de France bicycle race finishes on the Avenue des Champs-Élysées in Paris.

Contents

 1Etymology
 2History
o 2.1Origins
o 2.2High and Late Middle Ages to Louis XIV
o 2.318th and 19th centuries
o 2.420th and 21st centuries
 3Geography
o 3.1Location
o 3.2Climate
 4Administration
o 4.1City government
o 4.2Métropole du Grand Paris
o 4.3Regional government
o 4.4National government
o 4.5Police force
 5Cityscape
o 5.1Urbanism and architecture
o 5.2Housing
o 5.3Paris and its suburbs
 6Demographics
o 6.1Migration
o 6.2Religion
 7International organisations
 8Economy
o 8.1Employment
o 8.2Unemployment
o 8.3Incomes
o 8.4Tourism
o 8.5Monuments and attractions
o 8.6Hotels
 9Culture
o 9.1Painting and sculpture
o 9.2Photography
o 9.3Museums
o 9.4Theatre
o 9.5Literature
o 9.6Music
o 9.7Cinema
o 9.8Restaurants and cuisine
o 9.9Fashion
o 9.10Holidays and festivals
 10Education
o 10.1Libraries
 11Sports
 12Infrastructure
o 12.1Transport
o 12.2Electricity
o 12.3Water and sanitation
o 12.4Parks and gardens
o 12.5Cemeteries
o 12.6Healthcare
 13Media
 14International relations
o 14.1Twin towns and sister cities
o 14.2Other relationships
 15See also
 16Notes
 17References
o 17.1Citations
o 17.2Sources
 18Further reading
 19External links