Port Said University

Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department

Structural Analysis (2)

BCM211

2nd Year– Civil Engineering Department

Second Term - Academic Year 2019/2020

: Research Title
Analysis of Statically Indeterminate Structures
Method of Equation of Three Moments

: Student Name
Youssef Mohamed Refaat Eissa
: Student Code
20183151

Submitted to: Assoc. Prof. Ashraf El-Sabbagh

May 2020
 Introduction
: Definition●
Statically indeterminate structures are defined as structures that can't be statically
analyzed using only balance conditions (statics).
Statically indeterminate structures show that there's at least one
more obscure reaction force than there are equations of equilibrium, meaning that
.the total of forces and moments in each direction is equal to zero
In statics and structural mechanics, a structure is statically indeterminate when the
static equilibrium equations are insufficient for determining the internal forces and
.reactions on that structure
Based on Newton's laws of movement, the balance conditions accessible for a two
: -dimensional body are

∑ F→ = 0

∑ V→ = 0

∑ H→ = 0

∑ M→ = 0

*∑ .F : the vectorial total of the powers acting on the body rises to zero
.V: the total  of the vertical components of the powers rises to zero∑*
.H: the total of the horizontal components of forces rises to zero ∑*
.M: the total of the moments of any force rises to zero ∑*
: Also we have three types of statically indeterminate structure
Externally Indeterminate Structures : In the beams , when the equilibrium .1
.equations isn’t enough to determine the reaction of supports
Internally Indeterminate Structures : In the trusses , the truss is determined .2
internally if the total number of members (m=2j – 3) , if it has more than (2j – 3)
.members , it becomes indeterminate ot reduntant
. j = Number of joints *

Both internally and externally indeterminate, (such: trussed beams, continuous .3

.trusses)
● : The need of those structures
When we add more support and members to structure than the required for static
stability , the structure becomes indeterminate. Providing this extra member or
support ensures the stability and increase the hardness and stiffness of the structure
., In case of trusses we add diagonal members
So its advantages ; stress is completely lower the determinate structures , Deflection
is clearly lower than the indeterminate structures because of the utmost stiffness , it
.also has the ability to re-distribute the loads

: Limitations of use●
Due to more slim members , it becomes more expensive to construct the .1
.structure
.Analysing of statically indeterminate structures is so complicated .2
Changes in the length of the members due to the temperature and manufacturing .3
.errors
.Differential support deposition .4

: Methods of analysis of statically indeterminate structures ●

: List of Methods
: Direct Stiffness Method .1
.Member Stiffness Relations. - System Stiffness Relation -
.Member Flexibility .2
.Moment Distribution Method .3
: Principle of Superposition .4
.Compatibility Equation and Solution. - Force-displacement Relations -
.Slope Deflection Method .5
.Force Method .6
.Integration Method .7
: Advantages, Disadvantages & Scope of application●
Slope Deflection Method : its advantage that we can analyse determinate and -
indeterminate structures , also we can analyse rigid frames and beams using it and
it’s easy to computerise , it has disadvantage such that we should know the moment
. of inertia before the analysis of the structure
Scope of application : Between every pair of the supports , the beam section is ↘
persistent , the angles between each member is constant even if the joints deflected
.or rotated
Direct Stiffness Method : its advantage that it’s formalized and computer-friendly -
,it is also many-sided and it is appropriate for large problems , its disadvantage that
for complex members it requires segmentation , so analytical solution isn’t
. available
Scope of application : In applying the method , extra supports are included to ↘
settle all the degrees of opportunity and the values of these supports calculated . the
supports are at that point removed to permit deformation and reestablish
.equilibrium
Moment Distribution Method : the advantage of the method is that it retains all -
the features of the standard moment distribution procedure but gives an correct
. arrangement with simply one cycle of balance
Scope of application : This method is used for analysing indeterminate beams and ↘
.surrounded structures

Explanation & discussion of Method of Equation of Three Moments

The three-moment equation, which was initially presented by Cla-peyron in 1857,
provides a convenient tool for analyzing continuous beams. The three-moment
equation represents, in a general form, the compatibility condition that the slope of
.the elastic curve be continuous at an interior support of the continuous beam
Since the equation involves three moments , the bending moments at the support
under consideration and at the two adjacent supports-it commonly is referred to as
the three-moment equation. When using this method, the bending moments at the
interior (and any fixed) supports of the continuous beam are treated as the
.redundants
The three-moment equation is then applied at the location of each redundant to
obtain a set of compatibility equations which can be solved for the unknown
.reduntant moments