•HABSBURG (d' Austria in Spanish usage)

•Carlos I (HRE 1519-1558).........................1516-1556 d. 1558

•Felipe II........................................1556-1598
•Felipe III.......................................1598-1621
•Felipe IV........................................1621-1665
•Carlos II........................................1665-1700
•CAPET-BOURBON
•Felipe V.........................................1700-1724 d. 1746
•Louis.................................................1724
•Felipe V (restored)..............................1724-1746
•Ferdinand VI.....................................1746-1759
•Carlos III.......................................1759-1788
•Carlos IV........................................1788-1808 d. 1819
•Ferdinand VII.........................................1808 d. 1833
•BONAPARTE
•Joseph...........................................1808-1813 d. 1844
•CAPET-BOURBON
•Ferdinand VII (restored).........................1813-1833
•Isabella II......................................1833-1868 d. 1904
•Provisional Government...........................1868-1870
•SAVOY
•Amadeus..........................................1870-1873 d. 1890
•First Republic...................................1873-1874
•CAPET-BOURBON
•Alfonso XII......................................1874-1885
•Maria de las Mercedes........................Nov 1885-May 1886 d. 1904
•Alfonso XIII.....................................1886-1931 d. 1941
•Second Republic..................................1931-1939
•Fascist State ("Regency" after 1947).............1939-1975
•CAPET-BOURBON
•Juan Carlos......................................1975-2014 d. ---
•Felipe VI........................................2014-
•SA'UD Known as such from the establishment of the Emirate.

Mani ibn Rabia al-Muraidi..........................fl. c. 1446

Rabia I ibn Mani
Musa I ibn Rabia...................................fl. c. 1500
Ibrahim I ibn Musa
Marhan I ibn Ibrahim
Rabia II ibn Marhan............................c. 1620-c. 1645
Wasban ibn Rabia...............................c. 1645-c. 1654
Marhan II ibn Mukrin...................................1654
Muhammad I ibn Mukrin.............................1654-1672
Nasr ibn Muhammad.................................1672-1673
Mahran III ibn Wasban.............................1673-c. 1690
Ibrahim II ibn Wasban..........................c. 1690-c. 1694
Idris ibn Wasban...............................c. 1694-c. 1699
Sultan ibn Hamad al-Qaisi......................c. 1699-c. 1708
Abdallah ibn Hamad al-Qaisi....................c. 1708-c. 1709
Musa II ibn Rabia..............................c. 1709-c. 1720
Emirate of Najd
Sa'ud I ibn Muhammad ibn Mukrin................c. 1720-1725
Zayid ibn Marhan..................................1725-1726
Muhammad II ibn Sa'ud.............................1726-1765
Abd al-Aziz I ibn Muhammad........................1765-1803
Sa'ud II ibn Abd al-Aziz, the Great...............1803-1814
'Abdullah I ibn Sa'ud.............................1814-1818
To the Ottoman Empire.............................1818-1824 opposed by...
Turki ibn Abdallah................................1824-1834
Mishari II ibn Abd ar-Rahman...........................1834
Faisal I ibn Turki................................1834-1837 d. 1865
Khalid I ibn Sa'ud................................1837-1841 d. 1861
'Abdullah II ibn Sunayin..........................1841-1843
Faisal I (restored)...............................1843-1865
'Abdullah III ibn Faisal..........................1865-1871 d. 1889
Sa'ud III ibn Faisal...................................1871 d. 1875
'Abdullah III (restored)..........................1871-1873 d. 1889
Sa'ud III (restored)..............................1873-1875
Abd ar-Rahman ibn Faisal..........................1875-1876 d. 1928
Muhammad IV al-Arafa ibn Sa'ud.........................1876 d. 1885 >
'Abdullah III (re-restored).......................1876-1885 d. 1889
Abd ar-Rahman (restored)...............................1885 d. 1928
Muhammad IV (restored).................................1885
To Ha'il..........................................1885-1902 opposed by...
KINGDOM of SAUDI ARABIA (from 1926)
Abd al-Aziz (II) ibn Abd ar-Rahman ibn Sa'ud......1902-1953
Sa'ud (IV, ibn Abd al-Aziz).......................1953-1964 d. 1969
Faisal (II, ibn Abd al-Aziz)......................1964-1975
Khalid (II, ibn Abd al-Aziz)......................1975-1982
Fahd (ibn Abd al-Aziz)............................1982-1996 d. 2005
'Abdullah (IV, ibn Abd al-Aziz)........................1996 d. 2015
Fahd (restored)...................................1996-2005
'Abdullah (restored)..............................2005-2015
Salman (ibn Abd al-Aziz)..........................2015-
•CAPET
•Hugh Capet.........................................987-996
•Robert II the Pious................................996-1031
•Henri I...........................................1031-1060
•Philip I..........................................1060-1108
•Louis VI the Fat..................................1108-1137
•Louis VII the Younger.............................1137-1180
•Philippe II Augustus..............................1180-1223
•Louis VIII........................................1223-1226
•Louis IX the Saint................................1226-1270
•Philippe III......................................1270-1285
•Philippe IV the Fair..............................1285-1314
•Louis X the Stubborn.........................1314-June 1316
•Jean I Posthumous..........................Nov 13/4-19 1316
•Philippe V the Tall...............................1316-1322
•Charles IV the Fair...............................1322-1328
•Capet-Valois
•Philippe VI.......................................1328-1350
•Jean II the Good..................................1350-1364
•Charles V the Wise................................1364-1380
•Charles VI the Mad................................1380-1422
•CAPET-Valois
•Charles VII...............................(1422-) 1429-1461
•Louis XI..........................................1461-1483
•Charles VIII......................................1483-1498
•Capet-Valois-Orléans
•Louis XII.........................................1498-1515
•Capet-Valois-Angoulême
•Francois I........................................1515-1547
•Henri II..........................................1547-1559
•Francois II.......................................1559-1560
•Charles IX........................................1560-1574
•Henri III.........................................1574-1589
•Capet-Bourbon
•Henri IV..........................................1589-1610 opposed by...
•Charles (X), Cardinal de Bourbon..................1589-1590 and....
•Louis XIII........................................1610-1643
•Louis XIV.........................................1643-1715
•Louis XV..........................................1715-1774
•Louis XVI.........................................1774-1792 d. 1793
•First Republic........................................1792--1804
•BONAPARTE
•Napoleon I........................................1804-1814 d. 1821
•CAPET-BOURBON
•Louis XVIII.......................................1814-1815 d. 1824
•BONAPARTE
•Napoleon I (Restored)..................................1815 d. 1821
•CAPET-BOURBON
•Louis XVIII (Restored)............................1815-1824
•Charles X.........................................1824-1830 d. 1832
•Capet-Bourbon-Orleans
•Louis Philippe....................................1830-1848 d. 1850
•Second Republic...................................1848-1852
•BONAPARTE
•Napoleon III......................................1852-1870 d. 1875
•OTTOMAN EMPIRE 
•Othman I..........................................1293-1324
•Orkhan............................................1324-1360
•Murad I...........................................1360-1389
•Beyazid I Thunderbolt.............................1389-1402
•Mehmed I..........................................1402-1421 with...
•Isa (in Bursa)....................................1402-1406 and...
•Suleiman (in Rumelia).............................1402-1410 followed by...
•Musa..............................................1410-1413
•Murad II..........................................1421-1444 d. 1451
•Mehmed II the Conqueror...........................1444-1446 d. 1481
•Murad II (restored)...............................1446-1451
•Mehmed II the Conqueror (restored)................1451-1481
•Beyazid II........................................1481-1512
•Selim I the Grim..................................1512-1520
•Suleiman I Law-giver..............................1520-1566
•Selim II the Sot..................................1566-1574
•Murad III.........................................1574-1595
•Mehmed III........................................1695-1603
•Ahmed I...........................................1603-1617
•Mustafa I.........................................1617-1618 d. 1623
•Othman II.........................................1618-1622
•Mustafa I (restored)..............................1622-1623
•Murad IV..........................................1623-1640
•Ibrahim...........................................1640-1648
•Mehmed IV the Hunter..............................1648-1687 d. 1693
•Suleiman II.......................................1687-1691
•Ahmed II..........................................1691-1695
•Mustafa II........................................1695-1703
•Ahmed III.........................................1703-1730 d. 1736
•Mahmud I..........................................1730-1754
•Othman III........................................1754-1757
•Mustafa III.......................................1757-1773
•Abdülhamid I......................................1773-1789
•Selim III.........................................1789-1807
•Mustafa III.......................................1807-1808
•Mahmud II.........................................1808-1839
•Abdülmecid........................................1839-1861
•Abdülaziz.........................................1861-1876 d. June 1876
•Murad V.......................................May-Aug. 1876 d. 1904
•Abdülhamid II.....................................1876-1909 d. 1918
•Mehmed V Resad....................................1909-1918
•Mehmed VI Vahideddin..............................1918-1922 d. 1926
•Republic of Turkey................................1922-
•SAFAVID

•Ismail I..........................................1502-1524
•Tahmasp I.........................................1524-1576
•Ismail II.........................................1576-1578
•Muhammad Khodabanda...............................1578-1581 d. 1595/6
•Abbas I...........................................1581-1629
•Safi..............................................1629-1642
•Abbas II..........................................1642-1667
•Suleiman..........................................1667-1694
•Husain............................................1694-1722
•Tahmasp II........................................1722-1732 opposed by...
•GILZHAI
•Mir Mahmud........................................1722-1725 and then...
•Mir Mahmud took the Safavid capital Isfahan, invited all leading Persians to a great festival and then
butchered them all.
•Ashraf Shah.......................................1725-1730
•SAFAVID
•Abbas III.........................................1732-1736
•AFSHARID
•Nadir.............................................1736-1747
•Adil..............................................1747-1748
•Shah Rukh.........................................1748-1749 d. 1755 with...
•Ibrahim...........................................1748-1749
•ZAND
•Karim Shah........................................1750-1779
•Abul Fath..............................................1779
•'Ali Murad.............................................1779 d. 1785
•Sadiq.............................................1779-1782
•'Ali Murad (restored).............................1782-1785
•Jafar.............................................1785-1789
•Luftf Ali.........................................1789-1794
•QAJAR
•Aga Muhammad......................................1779-1797
•Baba Khan..............................................1797
•Fath 'Ali.........................................1797-1834
•Muhammad Shah.....................................1834-1848
•Nasr ad-Din.......................................1848-1896
•Muzaffar ad-Din...................................1896-1907
•Muhammad 'Ali.....................................1907-1909 d. 1924
•Ahmad Shah........................................1909-1925 d. 1929
•PAHLAVI
•Reza..............................................1925-1941 d. 1944
•Anglo-Soviet occupation...........................1941-1946
•Muhammad Reza.....................................1941-1979 d. 1980
•Theocratic State..................................1979-
•Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, 1979-1989
•Ayatollah Sayyed 'Ali Khamenei, 1989-
UTHMANLI (Ottoman Turks)

Selim I the Grim..................................1517-1520

Suleiman I Law-giver..............................1520-1566
Selim II the Sot..................................1566-1574
Murad III.........................................1574-1595
Muhammad III......................................1695-1603
Ahmad I...........................................1603-1617
Mustafa I.........................................1617-1618 d. 1623
Uthman II.........................................1618-1622
Mustafa I (restored)..............................1622-1623
Murad IV..........................................1623-1640
Ibrahim...........................................1640-1648
Muhammad IV.......................................1648-1687 d. 1693
Suleiman II.......................................1687-1691
Ahmad II..........................................1691-1695
Mustafa II........................................1695-1703
Ahmad III.........................................1703-1730
Mahmud I..........................................1730-1754
Othman III........................................1754-1757
Mustafa III.......................................1757-1773
'Abd al-Hamid I...................................1773-1789
Selim III.........................................1789-1807
Mustafa III.......................................1807-1808
Mahmud II.........................................1808-1839
'Abd al-Medjid I..................................1839-1861
'Abd al-Aziz......................................1861-1876
Murad V................................................1876 d. 1904
'Abd al-Hamid II..................................1876-1909 d. 1918
Muhammad V........................................1909-1918
Muhammad VI.......................................1918-1922 d. 1926
'Abd al-Medjid II.................................1922-1924 d. 1944
SHARIFIAN
Husein (King of Hejaz 1916-24)...............Mar.-Oct. 1924 d. 1931
Vacant since 1924, but note...
the Taliban The leader of the Afghan Taliban Party claimed Caliphate authority
Mullah 'Umar Muhammad, "the Cave-dweller"....1996-2001 d. ---
The Islamic State A severely sectarian group that have carved out a territory for
themselves in western Syria and northern Iraq.
Ibrahim Amir al-Mu'minin.....................2014-
 HABSBURG
•Albrecht II.......................................1438-1439
•Friedrich III (HRE 1452-1493).....................1440-1493
•Maximilian I (HRE 1493-1519)......................1493-1519
•Karl V (HRE 1519-1558)............................1519-1556 d. 1558
•Ferdinand I (HRE 1558-1564).......................1556-1564
•Maximilian II (HRE 1564-1578).....................1564-1578
•Rudolf II (HRE 1578-1612).........................1578-1612
•Matthias (HRE 1612-1619)..........................1612-1619
•Ferdinand II (HRE 1619-1637)......................1619-1637
•Ferdinand III (HRE 1637-1657).....................1637-1657
•Leopold I (HRE 1658-1705).........................1658-1705
•Joseph I (HRE 1705-1711)..........................1705-1711
•Karl VI (HRE 1711-1740)...........................1711-1740
•Interregnum.......................................1740-1742
•WITTELSBACH
•Karl VII Albrecht (HRE 1743-1745).................1742-1745
•LORRAINE-HABSBURG (Vaudemont)
•Franz I Stefan (HRE 1745-1765)....................1745-1765
•Joseph II (HRE 1765-1790).........................1765-1790
•Leopold II (HRE 1790-1792)........................1790-1792
•Franz II (HRE 1792-1806)..........................1792-1806 d. 1835
•Karl Theodor von Dalberg, "Prince-Primate"........1806-1814 d. 1817 and also...
•BONAPARTE
•Jerome............................................1807-1814 d. 1860
•German Confederation..............................1815-1866
•North German Confederation........................1866-1871
•HOHENZOLLERN
•Wilhelm I (King of Prussia 1861-1888).............1871-1888
•Friedrich (King of Prussia)..................Mar.-June 1888
•Wilhelm II (King of Prussia)......................1888-1918 d. 1941
•First (Weimar) Republic...........................1918-1933
•National Socialist Government.....................1933-1945

WETTIN
•Leopold I.....................................1831-1865
•Leopold II....................................1865-1909
•Albert I......................................1909-1914 d. 1934
•To Germany....................................1914-1918
•Albert I (restored)...........................1918-1934
•Leopold III...................................1934-1940 d. 1983
•To Germany....................................1940-1944
•Charles, Count of Flanders, Regent 1944-1950 d. 1983
•Leopold III (restored)........................1950-1951 d. 1983
•Baudouin......................................1951-1993
•Albert II.....................................1993-
•PAPACY Italian
•Clement VII (Giulio de Medici)....................1523-1534
•Paul III (Alessandro Farnese).....................1534-1549
•Julius III (Giamaria Ciocci del Monte)............1550-1555
•Marcellus II (Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi)........1555
•Paul IV (Giovanni Pietro Caraffa).................1555-1559
•Pius IV (Giovanni Angelo Medici)..................1559-1565
•St. Pius V (Antonio Michele Ghislieri)............1566-1572
•Gregory XIII (Ugno Buoncompagni)..................1572-1585
•Sixtus V (Felice Peretti).........................1585-1590
•Urban VII (Giambattista Castagna)......................1590
•Gregory XIV (Niccolo Sfondrati)...................1590-1591
•Innocent IX (Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti).............1591
•Clement VIII (Ippolito Aldobrandini)..............1592-1605
•Leo XI (Alessandro Ottaviano de Medici)................1605
•Paul V (Camillo Borghese).........................1605-1621
•Gregory XV (Alessandro Ludovisi)..................1621-1623
•Urban VIII (Maffeo Barberini).....................1623-1644
•Innocent X (Giambattista Pamfili).................1644-1655
•Alexander VII (Fabio Chigi).......................1655-1667
•Clement IX (Giulio Rospigliosi)...................1667-1669
•Clement X (Emilio Altieri)........................1670-1676
•Innocent XI (Benedetto Odescalchi)................1676-1689
•Alexander VIII (Pietro Ottoboni)..................1689-1691
•Innocent XII (Antonio Pignatelli).................1691-1700
•Clement XI (Giovanni Francesco Albani)............1700-1721
•Innocent XIII (Michelangelo dei Conti)............1721-1724
•Benedict XIII (Pietro Orsini).....................1724-1730
•Clement XII (Lorenzo Corsini).....................1730-1740
•Benedict XIV (Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini)........1740-1758
•Clement XIII (Carlo della Torre Rezzonico)........1758-1769
•Clement XIV (Lorenzo Giovanni Antonio Ganganelli).1769-1774
•Pius VI (Giovanni Angelico Braschi)...............1775-1799
•Napoleonic interruptions 1798-1814, followed by the 3rd Papal States Era 1814-1870
•Pius VII (Barnaba Chiaramonti)....................1800-1823
•Leo XII (Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola della Genga...1823-1829
•Pius VIII (Francesco Xaviero Castiglione).........1829-1830
•Gregory XVI (Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari).......1831-1846
•Pius IX (Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti)..........1846-1878
•Savoyard, or Italian era 1870-1929
•Leo XIII (Gioacchino Pecci).......................1878-1903
•St. Pius X (Giuseppe Melchiore Sarto).............1903-1914
•Benedict XV (Giacomo Giambattista della Chiesa)...1914-1922
•Vatican Era 1929-
•Pius XI (Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti)..........1922-1939
•Pius XII (Eugenio Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli)......1939-1958
•St. John XXIII (Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli).........1958-1963
•Paul VI (Giovanni Battista Enrico Montini)........1963-1978
•John Paul I (Albino Luciani)...........................1978
•Polish
•St. John Paul II (Karol Józef Wojtyla)............1978-2005
•German
•Benedict XVI (Joseph Ratzinger)...................2005-2013 d. ---
•Argentine
•Francis (Jorge Mario Bergoglio)...................2013-
GRAND MASTERS of the KNIGHTS of St. JOHN
•Malta Era 1530-1798
•Philippe de Villiers de l'Isle Adam...............1521-1534
•Peter IV del Ponte................................1534-1535
•Didier de Sainte-Jaille...........................1535-1536
•Juan III Omedes...................................1536-1553
•Claude de la Sangle...............................1553-1557
•Jean IV Parisot de la Valette.....................1557-1568
•Pietro V Guidalotti del Monte.....................1568-1572
•Jean V L'Eveque de la Cassiere....................1572-1581
•Hugh II Loubeaux-Verdalle.........................1582-1595
•Martin I Garcias..................................1595-1601
•Aloysius de Wignacourt............................1601-1622
•Luis I Mendes de Vasconcelhos.....................1622-1623
•Antonio II de Paula...............................1623-1636
•Juan Pablo Lascaris de Castellar..................1636-1657
•Martin II de Redin................................1657-1660
•Annete de Clermont de Chattegesson.....................1660
•Raphael Cotoner...................................1660-1663
•Nicolas II Cotoner................................1663-1680
•Gregorio Caraffa de Rocella.......................1680-1690
•Adrien de Wignacourt..............................1690-1697
•Ramon III Percellos...............................1697-1720
•Marcantonio Zondadari.............................1720-1722
•Antonio Manuel de Vilhena.........................1722-1736
•Raymond III Despugh...............................1736-1741
•Manuel I Pinto....................................1741-1773
•Francisco Ximenez De Tejada.......................1773-1775
•Emmanuel II de Rohan-Polduc.......................1775-1797
•Ferdinand von Hompesch............................1797-1798
•Thomas di Contara......................................1798 d. 1805
•First Roman Era 1798-1826
•Paul Romanov (Emperor of Russia)..................1798-1801
•vacant
•Gianbattista Tommasi...................................1803
•vacant
•Lieutenant-Generals
•Innico-Maria Guevara Svardo..................1805-1814
•Andre DiGiovanni.............................1814-1821
•Ferrara Era 1826-1834
•Second Roman Era 1834-
•Gianbattista Ceschi (as Lt. Gen. 1871-1879).......1879-1905
•Galeazzo von Thun und Hohenstein..................1905-1931 with...
•Ludovico Chigi....................................1931-1951
•Angelo de Mohana di Cologna.......................1962-1988
•Andrew Willoughby Ninian Bertie...................1988-2008
•Robert Matthew Festing............................2008-
GRAND MASTERS of the TEUTONIC KNIGHTS Marienburg (Prussia) Era 1309-1457
•Karl Bessart......................................1311-1324
•Werner Von Orselen................................1324-1330
•Lothar of Brunswick...............................1331-1335
•Dietrich von Altenburg............................1335-1341
•Ludolf Konig Von Wattzau..........................1342-1345
•Heinrich IV Dusener von Arfberg...................1345-1351
•Winrich von Kniprode..............................1351-1382
•Konrad III Zollner von Rothstein..................1382-1390
•Konrad IV von Wallenrode..........................1391-1393
•Konrad V von Juningen.............................1393-1407
•Ulrich von Jungingen..............................1407-1410
•Heinrich V von Reuss..............................1410-1413 d. 1429
•Michel Kuchenmeister von Sternburg................1414-1422
•Paul Belenzer von Ruszdorf........................1423-1440
•Konrad VI von Erlichshausen.......................1441-1449
•Ludwig von Erlichshausen..........................1450-1467
•Königsberg (East Prussia) Era 1457-1525
•Heinrich VI von Reuss.............................1467-1470
•Heinrich VII Reffle von Richtenberg...............1470-1477
•Martin Truchsetz von Wetzhausen...................1477-1489
•Johann von Tieffen................................1489-1497
•Friedrich of Saxony...............................1497-1510
•Albrecht of Brandenburg-Kulmbach..................1510-1525 d. 1568
•vacant
•Mergentheim Era 1527-1809
•Walter von Cronberg...............................1527-1543
•Wolfgang Schutzbar................................1543-1566
•Georg Hundt von Weckheim..........................1566-1572
•Heinrich VIII von Bobenhausen.....................1572-1590 d. 1595
•Maximilian of Austria.............................1590-1618
•Karl I of Austria.................................1619-1624
•Johann Eustach von Westernach.....................1625-1627
•Johann Kaspar I von Stadion.......................1627-1641
•Leopold Wilhelm of Austria........................1641-1662
•Karl Josef of Austria.............................1662-1664
•Johann Kaspar II von Ampringen....................1664-1684
•Ludwig Anton of Palatinate-Neuburg................1685-1694
•Ludwig Franz of Palatinate-Neuburg................1694-1732
•Clemens August of Bavaria (Abp.-Elect. Cologne)...1732-1761
•Charles Alexander of Lorraine.....................1761-1780
•Maximilian Franz of Austria.......................1780-1801
•Karl II of Austria................................1801-1804
•Anton Viktor of Austria...........................1804-1835
•Maximilian of Austria-Este........................1835-1863
•Wilhelm Franz Karl of Austria.....................1863-1894
•Eugen Ferdinand Pius Bernhard of Austria..........1894-1923 d. 1954
•PRIESTLY ORDER
•Dr. Norbert Klein.................................1923-1933
•Paul Heider.......................................1933-1936
•Robert Schälzky...................................1936-1948
•Dr. Marian Tumler.................................1948-1970
•Ildefons Pauler...................................1970-1988
•Dr. Arnold Othmar Wieland.........................1988-2000
•Dr. Bruno Platter.................................2000-
The JESUITS 
•St. Ignacio de Loyola.............................1541-1556
•vacant
•Diego Lainez......................................1558-1565
•Francisco de Borja................................1565-1572
•Everard Mercurian.................................1573-1580
•Claudio Aquaviva..................................1581-1615
•Muzio Vitteleschi.................................1615-1645
•Vincenzo Carafa...................................1645-1649
•vacant
•Francesco Piccolomini..................................1651
•Luigi Gottifredi.......................................1652
•Goswin Nickel.....................................1652-1664
•Giovanni Paolo Oliva..............................1664-1681
•Charles de Noyelle................................1682-1686
•Tirso Gonzalez....................................1687-1705
•Michelangelo Tamburini............................1706-1730
•Frantisec Retz....................................1730-1750
•Ignazio Visconti..................................1751-1755
•Luigi Centurioni..................................1755-1757
•Lorenzo Ricci.....................................1758-1775
•vacant 1773/5-1782/1814.
•Stanislaus Czerniewicz............................1782-1785
•Gabriel Gruber....................................1802-1805
•Tadeusz Brzozowski................................1805-1820
•Luigi Fortis......................................1820-1829
•Jan Roothaan......................................1829-1853
•Pieter Beckx......................................1853-1887
•Anton Anderledy...................................1887-1892
•Luis Martin.......................................1892-1906
•Franz Xavier Wernz................................1906-1914
•Wlodimir Ledochowski..............................1915-1942
•vacant
•Jean-Baptiste Janssens............................1946-1964
•Pedro Arrupe......................................1965-1983 d. 1991
•Peter Hans Kolvenbach.............................1983-2008 d. ---
•Adolfo Nicolás....................................2008-
•TUDOR

•Henry VII.....................................1485-1509
•Henry VIII....................................1509-1547
•Edward VI.....................................1547-1553
•GREY
•Jane (fem.)...............................9-19 July 1553 e. 1554
•TUDOR
•Mary I (fem.)..................................1553-1558 with...
•HABSBURG
•Philip (King of Spain, etc. 1556-1598)........1554-1558 d. 1598
•TUDOR
•Elizabeth I (fem.).............................1558-1603
•STUART
•James I (King of Scotland 1567-1625)..........1603-1625
•Charles I (King of Scotland 1625-49)..........1625-1649
•COMMONWEALTH and PROTECTORATE
•Parliament....................................1648-1653
•Oliver Cromwell...............................1653-1658
•Richard Cromwell.....................Sept 1658-May 1659 d. 1712
•Parliament (restored)......................May-Oct 1659
•John Lambert..........................Oct 1659-Feb 1660 d. 1684
•George Monck...............................Feb-May 1660 d. 1670
•STUART
•Charles II....................................1660-1685
•James II (K. of Scot., Irel. 1685-88).........1685-1688 d. 1701
•Interregnum..............................Dec. 1688-Feb. 1689
•NASSAU-ORANGE
•William III (K. Scot., Irel. 1689-1702).......1689-1702 with...
•STUART
•Mary II (fem.)(Qu. Scot., Irel. 1689-94).......1689-1694
•Anne (fem.)(Qu. Scot. 1702-08; Irel. 1702-14)..1702-1708 d. 1714
•United with the Kingdom of Scotland, to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.
•STUART

•Anne (fem.).........................................1708-1714
•WELF (or Hannover)
•George I..........................................1714-1727
•George II.........................................1727-1760
•George III........................................1760-1820
•George IV.........................................1820-1830
•William IV........................................1830-1837
•Victoria (fem.).....................................1837-1901
•WETTIN (or Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. WINDSOR after 1917)
•Edward VII........................................1901-1910
•George V..........................................1910-1936
•Edward VIII....................................Jan-Dec 1936 d. 1972
•George VI.........................................1936-1952
•Elizabeth II (fem.).................................1952-
• Capital in VLADIMIR
• Michael I (restored)..........................1175-1176
• Vsevolod III Big Nest.........................1176-1212
• George II the Saint...........................1212-1216 d. 1238
• Constantine I the Booklike, Pr. of Rostov.....1216-1218
• George II the Saint (restored)................1218-1238
• To the Mongols of the Golden Horde, 1238-1481
• John III the Great............................1456-1505: with...
• John IV the Young, Pr. of Tver................1485-1490: then...
• Demetrius VI the Grandson.....................1498-1502 d. 1508, and then...
• Basil VI (III)................................1502-1533
• 1st Tsar, 1547
• John IV the Awesome...........................1533-1574 d. 1584

• BORJEGIN-KAZAN

• Simeon (Sayyin Bulat).........................1574-1576 d. 1616

• RURIKOVICH
• John IV the Awesome (restored)................1576-1584
• Theodore II...................................1584-1598
• GODUNOV
• Irina (fem.).........................7 Jan.-21 Feb. 1598 d. 1603
• Boris.........................................1598-1605
• Theodore III.......................................1605
• "TIME OF TROUBLES"
• False Dmitri I................................1605-1606
• Basil V Rurikovich-Shuisky....................1606-1610 opposed by...
• False Dmitri II ("the Brigand of Tushino")....1608-1610 and...
• Polish invasion...............................1609-1613
• ROMANOV
• Michael.......................................1613-1645
• Alexius.......................................1645-1676
• Theodore IV...................................1676-1682
• John V........................................1682-1696 with...
• Peter I the Great.............................1682-1725
• SKAVRONSKY
• Catherine I...................................1725-1727
• ROMANOV
• Peter II......................................1727-1730
• Anne..........................................1730-1740
• WELF
• John VI.......................................1740-1741 d. 1764
• ROMANOV
• Elizabeth.....................................1741-1762
• OLDENBURG (-Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp)
• Peter III..........................................1762
• ANHALT-ZERBST
• Catherine II the Great........................1762-1796
• OLDENBURG(-Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp), called ROMANOV
• Paul the Mad..................................1796-1801
• Alexander I...................................1801-1825
• Nicholas I....................................1825-1855
• Alexander II..................................1855-1881
• Alexander III.................................1881-1894
• Nicholas II...................................1894-1917 d. 1918
• Michael (II)................................1 day, 1917
•WATTASID
•Abu 'Abdallah ash-Shaykh Muhammad I...........1472-1504
•Abu 'Abdallah al-Burtuqali Muhammad II (Marrakesh)...1504-1526 opposed by...
•Abu'l Hasan 'Ali...................................1526 d. 1554
•Ahmad al-Wattasi (In Fez).....................1526-1545 d. 1549
•Nasr ad-Din Muhammad III al-Qasri (In Fez)....1545-1547
•Ahmad al-Wattasi (restored) (In Fez)..........1547-1549
•SA'DID
•Muhammad I al-Qa'im (In Sus)..................1511-1517
•Ahmad al-A'raj (In Sus; Marrakesh from 1524)..1517-1540
•Muhammad II al-Shaykh (Marrak.; Fez from 1549)1540-1557 opposed by...
•WATTASID
•Abu'l Hasan 'Ali (restored, in Fez)................1554
•SA'DID
•Abdallah al-Ghalib............................1557-1574
•Mohammed al-Mutawakkil........................1574-1576
•Abd al-Malik I................................1576-1578
•Ahmad II al-Mansur............................1578-1603
•Zaydan an-Nasr................................1603-1628 with...
•Abd al-Malik II...............................1623-1631
•al-Walid......................................1631-1636
•Muhammad V al-Asghar..........................1636-1654
•Ahmad III al-'Abbas...........................1654-1659

•ALAWI Muhammad I....................................1631-1635

•Muhammad II...................................1635-1664
•ar-Rashid.....................................1664-1672
•Isma'il.......................................1672-1727
•Ahmad II......................................1727-1728 d. 1729
•Abd al-Malik.......................................1728
•Ahmad II (restored)...........................1728-1729
•Abdallah......................................1729-1734 d. 1757
•'Ali II.......................................1734-1736
•Abdallah (restored)................................1736 d. 1757
•Muhammad II...................................1736-1738
•al-Mustadi....................................1738-1740 d. 1759
•Abdallah (re-restored)........................1740-1745 d. 1757
•al-Mustadi (restored)..............................1745 d. 1759
•Abdallah (re-re-restored).....................1745-1748 d. 1757
•Muhammed III.......................................1748 d. 1790
•Abdallah (re-re-re-restored)..................1748-1757
•Muhammed III (restored).......................1757-1790
•Hisham (in Marrakesh).........................1790-1795 d. 1799/1800: with...
•Yazid (in Fez)................................1790-1792 and then...
•Suleiman (in Fez 1792-5; all from 1795).......1792-1822
•Abd al-Rahman.................................1822-1859
•Mohammad IV...................................1859-1873
•Hassan I......................................1873-1894
•Muhammad (V).......................................1894 d. aft. 1909
•Abd al-Aziz...................................1894-1908
•Mulay Hafiz...................................1908-1912
•To France.....................................1912-1956
•Muhammad V (restored).........................1955-1961
•Hassan II.....................................1961-1999
•Muhammad VI...................................1999-
•