CORE PRINCIPLE OF BUSINESS Different Kind of Justice

OPERATIONS 1.Distributive Justice 一 the extent to

● Fairness which society’s institutions ensure that
● Accountability benefits and burdens are distributed
● Transparency among society’s members in ways that
● Stewardship are unfair and just.
2.Retributive Justice 一 the extent to
Fairness which punishments are fair and just
➔ The level of even-handedness in 3.Compensatory Justice 一 the extent
dispensing justice whereby to which the people are fairly
claims are recognized in the compensated for their injuries by those
order of their legal and who have injured them; just
contractual priority compensation is proportional to the loss
● Justice 一giving each person inflicted on a person
what he or she deserves or, in
more traditional terms, giving Accountability
each person his or her due ➔ The obligation of an individual or
organization to account for its
JUSTICE FAIRNESS activities, accept responsibility for
them, and to disclose the results
一reference to a 一 ability to judge in a transparent manner
standard of without reference ➔ Includes the responsibility for
rightness to one’s feelings money or other entrusted
or interest company
➔ In organizations, a management
一 ability to make control process in which
judgements that responses (positive or negative)
are concrete and are given for a person’s actions
specific to ➔ In leadership roles, the
particular case acknowledgement and
assumptions of responsibility for
actions products, decisions, and
Principles of Justice policies including the
“Equal should be treated equally and
administration, governance and
unequals unequally” 一Aristotle
implementation within the scope
“Individuals should be treated the of the role of employee position
same unless they differ in ways that ➔ Encompasses the obligation to
are relevant to the situation in which report, explain and answer for
they are involved” resulting consequences
 ➔ Strong connection to
expectations:crucial to ensuring
high performance within the
organization
● Corporate Accountability 一
the act of being accountable to
the stakeholders of an
organization一shareholders,
employees, suppliers, customers,
the local community
Transparency
➔ The lack of hidden agendas and
conditions, accompanied by the
availability of full information
required for
collaboration,cooperation, and
collective decision making
➔ The minimum degree of
disclosure to which agreements,
dealings, practices, and
transactions are open to all for
verifications
➔ The essential condition for a free
and open exchange whereby he
rules and reasons behind
regulatory measures are fair and
clear to all participants
● Corporate Transparency
一 the extent to which a
corporation's action are observable by
outsiders: a consequence of regulation,
local norms, and the set of information,
privacy, and business policies
concerning corporate decision-making
and operations openness to employees,
stakeholders, shareholders and the
general public.
Stewardship
➔ An ethic that embodies the
responsible planning and
management or resources
➔ Can be applied to the
environment and nature,
economics health, property,
information, theology
➔ New generally recognized as the
acceptance or assignment of the
responsibility to shepherd and
safeguard the valuables of others
Commercial Stewardship 一 tends to
the domestic and service requirements
of passengers on ships, trains, airplanes
or guests in restaurants
Product Stewardship 一 the
understanding, controlling, and
communicating a product’s
environmental, health, and safety
related effects throughout its life cycle,
from production (or extraction) to final
disposal or reuse
COMMON PRACTICES IN BUSINESS
ORGANIZATION
A.DECORUM
● BUSINESS PRACTICE
一 method, procedure, process,
rule, employed or followed by a
company in the pursuits of its objective.
一 Business compete with one
another as part of the capitalist
economic system, yet at the same time
share many common characteristics.
They need to follow compatible
economic practices in order to be part of
the same system.
● BUSINESS ETIQUETTE
一 ot just knowing what to
discuss during a business dinner or how
to address colleagues
一 it is a way of presenting
oneself in such a way that he will be
taken seriously
一 demonstrating that he has
self-control necessary to be good at the
job, expressing a knowledge of business
situations, and having the ability to
make other comfortable around him
1.On Time and Promptness
➢ Punctual in reporting work
➢ Prompt when meeting others
➢ Call ahead to confirm business
appointments
➢ Arrive at least 15 minutes early
2. On Preparation
➢ have all the necessary resources,
materials and data prior the
appointment
3.On Agenda
➢ ideally the chairperson of the
meeting circulate a meeting
agenda to the participants at
least 2-3 days prior
➢ When the actual meeting, the
chairperson should run down the
agenda
4.On Attire and Appearance
➢ dress appropriately according to
occasion, time, place, people
➢ ask for the dress code
➢ thought it is a “Casual Friday”, it
is still important to practice good
grooming and appearance
➢ dressing well is a vital part of
earning respect.
5.On Decorum
➢ Excessive use of slang, profanity
(vulgarity), and other offensive
language is an immediate sign of
unprofessionalism
➢ The speaking of gossip and
communication of private or
confidential information does not
win you any point
➢ Avoid nervous habits (tapping
pen on the table, audible noises
with your mouth, rustling papers,
fidgeting)
6.On Basic Courtesy and Respect
➢ Consider the feeling of others
and address conflicts in a
straightforward and impersonal
manner
➢ People who are disrespectful
may find themselves losing
credibility and respect of their
peers
➢ Good etiquette involves showing
respect not only to your superiors
but also to your peers and
subordinate一everyone
➢ Consistently respectful attitude
will build your credibility
7.On Greetings
➢ in formal situation, the oldest or
the most important person is
greeted FIRST
➢ Consider who, what, where,
when一the person, his position,
the venue or event, the time
8.On Handshakes
➢ Firm handshakes
➢ Filipino setting, little more contact
( a pat on the side of the arm as a
gesture of hospitality or
friendship)
➢ Clear status differential, it is best
to let him or her offer the
handshake first
9.On Body Language
➢ The “Be’s” yourself, confident,
sincere, positive, composed
10.On Formal and Informal Address
➢ Address a new business
acquaintance by his or her family
name一Mr./Ms./Mrs.
➢ Formal status titles一
Dr./Atty./Sec.
11.On speaking in Meeting
➢ Keep the meeting organized by
only speaking when you have the
 floor
➢ Ask questions during the
designated period, and raise
hand to be recognized
➢ Do not interrupt someone while
they are speaking or asking a
question
➢ Raised voice, wrong intonation,
implication of incompetence, or
excessive direct eye contact can
do major damage一can be
regarded as terribly disrespectful
12.On Listening
➢ Listen attentively to the meeting
and take notes
➢ You may find that many of the
questions you have about the
topic are answered by the
content of the meeting
13.On Cell Phones and Laptops
➢ Turn off your mobile phone, or
put it on silent or vibrate mode
➢ Unless laptop computers have
been approved, turn it off and
lower off the screen so that you
do not obstruct anyone's view
14.On Business or Visiting Cards
➢ Advisable to present your
business or visiting card with both
hands
➢ Never slip the card into your
pocket, or your wallet; put it with
the papers your are using during
the negotiations
15.On Breaks
➢ Meetings should have a break
every two hours
➢ Breaks should be 20 minutes
long; meal breaks 30 minutes
long
16. On Appropriate Communication
➢ Always return phone calls and
emails.
➢ When calling or receiving a call,
you should always identify
yourself and your department
➢ When sending an email, use
specific subject line; keep the
message business-like and not
overly personal or casual
➢ When using an email, use
greetings and salutations in
standard correspondence一Dear,
sincerely, please, thank you
➢ Never type in all capital letters
17.On Bargaining
➢ Part of the Filipino’s way of life;
became natural for the region’s
businessmen
➢ Do not get angry and avoid
shouting or imposing
unreasonable deadlines for
decision-making
18.On Bringing in Guests
➢ Do not bring unannounced
guests
➢ If you have someone you would
like to bring, then contact the
other party for permission
19.On Building Relationships
➢ Show other that you value their
work; such as secretaries and
janitorial staff
➢ You will go extra mile if you treat
them with respect
20.On Business Meals and
Recreation
➢ Karaoke is popular and if your
are invited, expect to be invited to
sing
➢ In general, the person who issues
the invitation is the one who pays
21.On Gift-Giving
➢ Imported brandy and whiskey are
regarded as prized gifts, even if
the recipient does not drink
alcohol
➢ Gifts are generally not opened
when received
➢ Wrap gifts elegantly as the
presentation is important
B. PROTOCOL
一 the unwritten rules or
guidelines that are peculiar to every
culture or organization, and are
supposed to be observed by all parties
in the conduct of business, entertaining,
negotiating, politics
Business Protocol 一 general term that
may define several aspects of a
business; guidelines that are typically
defined for each employee upon being
hired
1. The Basics of Protocol
PURPOSE: to encourage all employees
in a company to act in a uniform
manner; helps ensure that all
employees understand their role in the
company, the tasks and the challenges
they face, and how to execute them as
quickly and accurately as possible
2. Training in Protocol
❖ A business may provide business
protocol and etiquette training for
its employee
❖ may help bridge economic,
cultural, knowledge and language
gaps
3. Benefits of Protocol
❖ helps present a uniform,
professional face to the public, to
partners an to donors
❖ may unite employees under
common goals and ensure that
the task are executed to the
4. International Business Protocol
Before You Go
Prepare: do plenty of research
on the business and personal etiquette
of the particular country you are
planning to visit. Purchase a Travel
Book for the country you are going to
visit and remember: The Internet is your
friend.
Learn key phrases. It’s always a
smart move to learn several key
phrases in the language of the country
you’ll visit. It's a nice way to bridge the
gap between culture 一 and natives will
appreciate the attempt.
Leave the attitude at home.
American sometimes assume superior
attitudes when interacting with foreign
culture - for them it is “our way is the
best way.” Ditch this stance quickly - you
could be ignored or met with
disapproval.
Blend in. In general, Americans
dress differently, speak loudly and have
distinct accents - so it’s best to try to
stand out more than you already will.
Jet Lag: Affecting Your Business?
Try to arrive a few days early to
give your body a chance to adjust
before important meetings or
conferences.
Get plenty of rest before your trip.
Jet lag is worse if you start out
sleep-deprived.
Dehydration doesn’t actually
cause jet lag, but it does make
symptoms worse. Drink plenty of water
before, during, and after your flight to
counteract the dehydrating effects of dry
cabin air. Avoid caffeine and alcohol for
further dehydration.
Sleep on the plane if it’s night
time at your destination. Resist the urge
if it’s daytime there.
Set your watch to the new time
before you leave. Once you reach your
destination, try not to sleep until night
time no matter how tired you are. If you
must sleep, just take a short, one-hour
“cat-nap.”
Gender Roles
Gender etiquette plays a
significant role not only in business, but
overall in foreign travel. In some
countries, where gender is rooted in the
tenets of particular religion, faux pas are
often considered unforgivable.
Talking Business
If you’re on business in
Germany, leave the trade talk at the
boardroom door. Business matters are
usually discussed before or after the
meal, never during.
Conversely, in China, it’s ok to
discuss business as long as it’s not the
main topic of conversation. Personal
exchanges about children, spouses or
other personal information are
encouraged and welcomed.
Business Cards
The business card exchange is
extremely important in Japan - almost
ceremonial. Always give business cards
with two hands and make looking at it
indicates the more respects you have
for the person.
In Italy, do not exchange
business cards at social occasions, it is
the norm at business functions and
meetings.
Alcohol at Meals
In Australia, alcohol is
discouraged at business luncheons.
Drinking moderately at business meals
is acceptable in Germany; in Russia,
you are expected to drink to establish
closer relationships - though again, in
moderation.
In France, avoid drinking hard
liquor before meals or smoking cigars
between courses - the French feel it
compromises the taste of the meal.
Gifts
A standard to keep in mind for
any gift you select is quality. If you give
gifts with your company logo, it’s better if
the logo is discreet. Never give
company logo gifts in Greece, Spain or
Portugal. In general, be safe rather than
sorry and choose non-logo gifts.
In China, it’s considered rude to
open a gift in front of the person who
gave it. In Africa, gifts are opened
immediately upon receipt.
5. Example of Protocols in Philippine
Business
a. Filipino Family-Modeled Business
● paternalistic in hierarchical
management
● boss and subordinate一parent and
child
● compadrazgo (dense network of
godparents and quasi-relatives
“seeming”)
● Nepotism
b. Business is Personal
● deal with business matters on a
face-to-face basis
● Knowing the right people, personal
relations and contact vs. economic
criteria
● establish relationship (personal
introduction) through a friend or
business associate
c. Status-Consciousness
● Filipinos are very status-conscious,
and the use of formal titles is an
important way of showing respect to
your business partners and
colleagues
d. Politeness and Ambiguity
● culture value of pakikisama and the
importance of maintaining social
 harmony make disagreement or
interpersonal tension of any sort is
distasteful
● Beating around the bust一”yes”
means in different ways depending
on subtle cues and nonverbal
● Unwillingness to say “no”
operation/application. This does not
imply that a policy should be altered
always, but it should be wide in scope
so as to ensure that the line managers
use them in repetitive/routine scenarios.

C. POLICIES
BUSINESS POLICIES
一 the scope or sphere within which
decisions can be taken by the
subordinates of the organization
一 permits lower level management to
deal with the problems and issues
without consulting top level
management every time for decisions
一 guidelines developed by an
organization to govern its actions

Features of Business Policy

SPECIFIC: Policy should be definite. If it
is uncertain, then the implementation
will become difficult.
CLEAR: Policy must be unambiguous. It
should avoid the use of jargons and
connotations. There should be no
misunderstandings in following the
policy
RELIABLE/UNIFORM: Policy must be
uniform enough so that it can be
efficiently followed by the subordinates.
APPROPRIATE: Policy should be
appropriate to present organizational
goals.
SIMPLE: A policy should be simple and
easily understood by all in the
organization.
INCLUSIVE/COMPREHENSIVE: In
order to have a wide scope, a policy
must be complete.
STABLE: Policy should be stable else it
will lead to indecisiveness and
uncertainty in the minds of those who
look into it for guidance.
FLEXIBLE: Policy should be flexible in