ARDUINO OVERVIEW,

HARDWARE, SOFTWARE
AND
INSTALLATION

Module 3
 Learning Outcomes
At the end of this module students must:

❑ Know what is Arduino

❑ Identify the reasons why Arduino is commonly used
❑ Identify and understand the Hardware needed in
creating Arduino projects
❑ Know how to Install Arduino IDE
Lesson 6: Arduino Overview
What is Arduino?
❖ Arduino is an open-source electronics platform
based on easy-to-use hardware and software.
❖ Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light
on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter
message - and turn it into an output - activating
a motor, turning on an LED, publishing
something online.
❖You can tell your board what to do by sending
a set of instructions to the microcontroller on
the board.
❖ To do so you use the Arduino programming
language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino
Software (IDE), based on Processing.
 INTRODUCTION
Over the years Arduino has been the
brain of thousands of projects, from
everyday objects to complex scientific
instruments.

A worldwide community of makers -

students, hobbyists, artists,
programmers, and professionals - has
gathered around this opensource
platform, their contributions have added
up to an incredible amount of accessible
knowledge that can be of great help to
novices and experts alike.
 ORIGIN OF ARDUINO
Arduino was born at the
Ivrea Interaction Design
Institute as an easy tool
for fast prototyping,
aimed at students
without a background in
electronics and
programming.
All Arduino boards are
completely open-source,
empowering users to
build them independently
and eventually adapt them
to their particular needs.
The Arduino board started
changing to adapt to new
needs and challenges,
differentiating its offer from
simple 8-bit boards to
products for IoT applications,
wearable, 3D printing, and
embedded environments
The software, too, is
open-source, and it is
growing through the
contributions of users
worldwide.
 WHY ARDUINO?
Its simple and It runs on Mac,
accessible user Windows, and Linux.
experience, Arduino Teachers and students
has been used in use it to build low cost
thousands of scientific instruments,
different projects and to prove chemistry and
applications. physics principles, or
to get started with
programming and
robotics.
 WHY ARDUINO?
Designers and
architects build
interactive
prototypes, musicians Arduino is a key tool to learn new things.
and artists use it for Anyone - children, hobbyists, artists,
installations and to programmers - can start tinkering just
experiment with new following the step by step instructions of
musical instruments. a kit, or sharing ideas online with other
members of the Arduino community.
 Arduino also simplifies the process of working
with microcontrollers, but it offers some advantage
for teachers, students, and interested amateurs
over other systems:
 Advantages of Arduino
1) Inexpensive - Arduino
boards are relatively
inexpensive compared to
other microcontroller
platforms. The least
expensive version of the
Arduino module can be
assembled by hand, and
even the pre-assembled
Arduino modules cost
less than Php 2,500.00
2) Cross-platform -
The Arduino Software
(IDE) runs on
Windows, Macintosh
OSX, and Linux
operating systems.
Most microcontroller
systems are limited
to Windows
3)Simple, clear programming
environment - The Arduino
Software (IDE) is easy-to-use
for beginners, yet flexible
enough for advanced users to
take advantage of as well.

For teachers, it's conveniently

based on the Processing
programming environment, so
students learning to program in
that environment will be
familiar with how the Arduino
IDE works.
4) Open source and extensible
software - The Arduino software is
published as open source tools, available
for extension by experienced
programmers.

The language can be expanded through

C++ libraries, and people wanting to
understand the technical details can
make the leap from Arduino to the AVR C
programming language on which it's
based. Similarly, you can add AVR-C code
directly into your Arduino programs if you
want to.
5) Open source and
extensible hardware -
The plans of the Arduino
boards are published under a
Creative Commons license,
so experienced circuit
designers can make their
own version of the module,
extending it and improving it.
Even relatively inexperienced
users can build the
breadboard version of the
module in order to
understand how it works and
save money.
ARDUINO HARDWARE
 Types of Arduino Boards
❑ Arduino is a great platform for prototyping projects and
inventions but can be confusing when having to choose the
right board.
❑ If you’re brand new to this, you might have always thought that
there was just one “Arduino” board and that’s it.
❑ In reality, there are many variations of the official Arduino
boards and then there are hundreds more from competitors who
offer clones.
❑ The boards with the name Arduino on them are the official
boards but there are also a lot of really great clones on the
market as well.
❑ One of the best reasons to buy a clone is the fact they are
generally less expensive than their official counterpart.
 Arduino UNO
➢ Arduino UNO is based on an
ATmega328P microcontroller. It is easy to
use compared to other boards, such as
the Arduino Mega board, etc.
➢ The Arduino UNO includes 6 analog pin
inputs, 14 digital pins, a USB connector, a
power jack, and an ICSP (In-Circuit Serial
Programming) header.
➢ It is the most used and of standard form
from the list of all available Arduino
Boards. It is also recommended for
beginners as it is easy to use.
 Arduino Nano
➢ The Arduino Nano is a small Arduino
board based on ATmega328P or
ATmega628 Microcontroller.
➢ The connectivity is the same as the
Arduino UNO board.
➢ The Nano board is defined as a
sustainable, small, consistent, and flexible
microcontroller board.
➢ It is small in size compared to the UNO
board.
The Arduino Nano includes an I/O pin
➢ The devices required to start our projects
set of 14 digital pins and 8 analog
using the Arduino Nano board are
pins. It also includes 6 Power pins and
Arduino IDE and mini USB.
2 Reset pins.
 Arduino Leonardo
➢ The basic specification of the
Arduino Leonardo is the same as
the Arduino Micro.
➢ It is also based on ATmega32U4
Microcontroller.
➢ The components present on the
board are 20 analog and digital
pins, reset button, 16MHz crystal
oscillator, ICSP header, and a
micro USB connection.
 Arduino MICRO
➢ The Arduino Micro is based on the
ATmega32U4 Microcontroller.
➢ It consists of 20 sets of pins. The 7 pins
from the set are PWM (Pulse Width
Modulation) pins, while 12 pins are analog
input pins. The other components on
board are reset button, 16MHz crystal
oscillator, ICSP header, and a micro USB
connection.
➢ The USB is inbuilt in the Arduino Micro
board.
➢ The Arduino Micro is also called as the
shrunk version of Arduino Leonardo.
 Arduino Lilypad
➢ The Arduino LilyPad was initially created for
wearable projects and e-textiles. It is based
on the ATmega168 Microcontroller.
➢ The functionality of Lilypad is the same as
other Arduino Boards.
➢ It is a round, light-weight board with a
minimal number of components to keep the
size of board small.
➢ The Arduino Lilypad board was designed by
Sparkfun and Leah.
➢ It was developed by Leah Buechley.
➢ It has 9 digital I/O pins.
➢ Other Arduino boards
are Arduino Shields,
Arduino Bluetooth
Arduino Diecimila
Arduino Robot Arduino
Ethernet Arduino Zero
Arduino Esplora
Arduino Pro Micro and
many more.
 The Arduino UNO
One of the most popular Arduino
boards out there is the Arduino
Uno. While it was not actually the
first board to be released, it
remains to be the most actively
used and most widely
documented on the market.
Because of its extreme
popularity, the Arduino Uno has a
ton of project tutorials and
forums around the web that can
help you get started or out of a
jam.
Board Breakdown
 Here are the components that make up an Arduino
board and what each of their functions are.

1. Reset Button – This will restart any code that is loaded to the Arduino
board
2. AREF – Stands for “Analog Reference” and is used to set an external
reference voltage
3. Ground Pin – There are a few ground pins on the Arduino and they all work
the same
4. Digital Input/Output – Pins 0-13 can be used for digital input or output
5. PWM – The pins marked with the (~) symbol can simulate analog output
6. USB Connection – Used for powering up your Arduino and uploading
sketches
7. TX/RX – Transmit and receive data indication LEDs
 Here are the components that make up an Arduino
board and what each of their functions are.
8. ATmega Microcontroller – This is the brains and is where the programs are
stored
9. Power LED Indicator – This LED lights up anytime the board is plugged in a power
sourceate youth in the world
10. Voltage Regulator – This controls the amount of voltage going into the Arduino
board
11. DC Power Barrel Jack – This is used for powering your Arduino with a power
supply
12. 3.3V Pin – This pin supplies 3.3 volts of power to your projects
13. 5V Pin – This pin supplies 5 volts of power to your projects
14. Ground Pins – There are a few ground pins on the Arduino and they all work the
same
15. Analog Pins – These pins can read the signal from an analog sensor and convert
it to digital
To be continued…….
A PICTURE IS A WORTH A
THOUSAND WORDS