RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION

Sample Problems

1. An Ir-192 radioactive source with activity of 185GBq is used for radiography RHM = 0.55
Rem/Ci/mt/hr. At what distance a cordon will be placed?

Solution:

Activity = 185 GBq

RHM = 0.55 rem/Ci/mtr/hr.

We know that,
37 GBq = 1 Ci
 185 GBq = 1 Ci x 185 GBq = 5 Ci
37 GBq

Now, for 5 Ci the radiation level at 1 mtr. Will be

5 Ci x 0.55 rem/Ci/hr = 2.75 rem/hr.

= 2.75 x 1000 mRem/hr. = 2750mRem/hr.

Also, we know that the radiation level at cordon of distance is 0.75 mRem/hr.

From Inverse Sq. Law:

I1 = D2²
I2 = D1²

Where, I1 = 2750 mRem/hr.

I2 = 0.75 mRem/hr.
D1 = 1 meter
D2 = Cordon of distance, D2 to be calculated.

 From above equation

D2 = I1 xD1² = 2750 x 1² mtr.

I2 0.75

= 60.55 mtr.

 Cordon will be placed at a distance of 60.55 mtr.

Page 1 of 22
 RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION
Sample Problems

2. A radioactive source gives out radiation of 0.05 mSv/h. A radiographer has worked for
three hours 30 minutes. What is the dose received in micro Sv?

Ans.
Here,
Dose rate = 0.05 mSv/hr.

1 mSv = 1000 Sv

 0.05 mSv = 0.05 x 1000 Sv

 Dose Rate = 50 Sv/hr.

Radiographer worked for 3.5 hrs:

 Dose = Dose Rate x Time

= 50 Sv/hr. x 3.5 hr.

= 175 Sv/hr.

Page 2 of 22
 RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION
Sample Problems

3. An Ir-192 radioactive source gives out radiation of 1.5 mSv/hr. A radiographer has
worked for two hours 30 minutes. What is dose received in Rem?

Ans.:

Note: 10 mSv = 1 Rem

Dose rate = 1.5 mSv/hr.

= 1.5 mSv 1 Rem

hr. 10 mSv

= 0.15 Rem/hr.

Time = 2 hrs. 30 minutes

= 2.5 hrs.

We know,
Dose = Dose Rate x Time
= 0.15 Rem 2.5 hr.
hr.

Dose = 0.375 Rem

Page 3 of 22
 RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION
Sample Problems

4. An radiation survey meter measured a dose rate of 32 mSv/hr. from a distance of one meter.
What is the dose rate at a distance of 48 meter in Rem and micro Sv?

I1 = 32 mSv/hr.
d1 = 1m
I2 = ?
d2 = 48m

According to Inverse Square law;

I1 x d1² = I2 x d2²

I2 = I1 x d1²
d2²

= 32 x 1
48 x 48

 I2 = 0.0138 mSv/hr.

 In Rem, dose rate = 0.0138 mSv 1 Rem

hr. 10 mSv

= 0.00138 Rem/hr.

 Dose rate = 1.38 x 10-3 Rem/hr.

In Sv, Dose rate = 0.0138 mSv 103Sv [10 mSv = 1 Rem]

hr. 1 mSv

Dose rate = 13.8 Sv/hr.

Page 4 of 22
 RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION
Sample Problems

5. An Ir-192 radioactive source of 185 GBq is used, RHM = 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr./h. A

radiographer is working at 15 meter from source. If radiographer worked for 3 hours, what
is the dose received by him?

Source strength = 185 GBq

37
= 5 Ci [37 GBq = 1Ci]
= 5 x 0.55 Rem/Hr./Mtr.
= 2.75 Rem/Hr./Mtr.
 I1 = 2.75 Rem/Hr.
d1 = 1m
I2 = Final dose rate
d2 = 15 mtr.

According to Inverse Square Law

I2 x d2² = I1 x d1²

I2 = I1 x d1²
d2²

= 2.75 x 1² Rem/hr.
15 x 15

= 0.0122 Rem/hr.

= 0.0122 Rem 103 mRem

hr. 1 Rem

= 12.2 mRem/hr.

 Dose received = Dose rate x Time

= 12.2mRem 3 hr. [ Time = 3 Hrs]
hr.

Dose received = 36.6 mRem

Page 5 of 22
 RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION
Sample Problems

6. A Ir-192 radioactive source, 10m distance 6mRem/hr. dose rate observing. If we are
observing 0.75 mRem/hr. dose rate at 20m. How many half value we have to put between
the source and specimen? HVL thickness of lead is 0.22 inch.

Here
I1 = 6 mRem/Hr.
d1 = 10 Meters
d2 = 20 meters
I2 = ?
X =?
HVL = 0.22”
According to Inverse Square Law;

I2 = I1 x d1²
d2²
= 6 x 10 x 10
20 x 20
= 1.5 mRem/hr.

Again, Io = 1.5 mRem/hr.

I = 0.75 mRem/hr.
X = ?

We know,
-0.693 x X
I = IOe HVL

Or 0.75 = 6e-0.693 x HVL

X

-0.693 x X
Or 0.75 = 1.5 x e 0.22

Or 0.75 = Ln e -0.693
0.22
X

1.5

+0.693 = + 0.693 X
0.22

 X = 0.22”

 no. of HVL = X = 0.22 = 1 Ans.

HVL 0.22

Page 6 of 22
 RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION
Sample Problems

7. A radioactive source gives out radiation of 0.15 mSv/h. A radiographer has worked for two
hours 30 minutes. What is the dose received in Rem?

Ans:
Given that:
Dose rate = 0.15 mSv/h.
Time during which radiation received = 2½ hours.

To find dose received in Rem:

Dose = Dose Rate x Time
1 Sv = 100 Rem
or, 1000mSv = 100 Rem
or, 1mSv = 100/1000 Rem = 0.1 Rem

Dose rate = 0.15 mSv/hr = 0.15 mSv/hr. x 0.1 Rem/mSv = 0.015 Rem/hr.

Now, Dose received = 0.015 Rem/hr x 2.5 hours

= 0.0375 Rem
= 3.75x10-² Rem
Dose Received = 3.75 x 10-² Rem.

Page 7 of 22
 RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION
Sample Problems

8. An Ir-192 radioactive source of 4440 GBq is used. RHM is 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr/Hr. At what
distance a Radiographer will receive radiation 15 mRem/h?

Solution:
Given that:
Source = Ir-192
Activity = 4440 GBq
RHM = 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr./Hr.
I2 = 15 mRem/Hr.

We know,
37 GBq = 1Ci
4440 GBq = 1Ci x 4440GBq
37 GBq
= 120 Ci

RHM = 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr./Hr x 0.55 x 103mRem/Ci/Mtr./Hr.

= 550 mRem/Ci/Mtr./Hr.

For 120 Ci the radiation level at 1 Mtr. will be

= 120 Ci x 550 mRem/Ci/Hr. = 66000 mRem/Hr.

For finding distance;

Inverse Sq. Law = I1 = D2²
I2 = D1²

Given, I1 = 66000mRem/hr.
I2 = 15 mRem/hr.
D1 = 1 Mtr.
D2 = ?

D2² = I1 x D1²
I2

or, D2 = I1 x D1² Mtr. = 66000x 1² Mtr. = 66.33 Mtr.

I2 15

Ans.: The required distance = 66.33 Mtr.

Page 8 of 22
 RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION
Sample Problems

9. An Ir-192 radioactive source of 2590 GBq is used. RHF is 5.9 Rem/Ci/ft/hr. At what
distance a radiographer will receive radiation 3 mRem/h?

Solution:
Given that:
Source = Ir-192
Activity = 2590 GBq
RHM = 5.9 Rem/Hr.
I2 = 3m Rem/Hr.

Now, we know that,

37 GBq = 1 Ci
2590 GBq = 1 Ci x 2590 GBq = 70 Ci
37 GBq
RHF = 5.9 Rem/Ci/ft/hr = 5.9 x 103mRem/Ci/ft/hr
For, 70 Ci source the radiation level at 1ft.will be
= 70 Ci x 5.9 x 103 mRem/Ci/hr = 413000 mRem/hr.

Now, as per Inverse Square Law:

I1 = D2²
I2 = D1²

Where, I1 = 413000mRem/hr.
I2 = 3 mRem/hr.
D1 = 1 ft.
D2 = ?

D2² = I1 x D1²
I2

or, D2 = I1 x D1² Mtr. = 413000x 1² ft.. = 371.03 ft.

I2 3

The required distance = 371.03 ft.

Page 9 of 22
 RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION
Sample Problems

10. An Ir-192 radioactive source of 1110 GBq is used. RHM is 0.55 Rem/Ci/mtr/hr. At what
distance a radiographer will receive radiation 15 mRem/h?

Solution:

Given that,
Source is = Ir-192
Activity = 1110 GBq
RHM = 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr/Hr.
I2 = 15 mRem/Hr.

We know that,
37 GBq = 1 Ci
1110 GBq = 1 Ci x 1110 GBq = 30 Ci
37 GBq
RHM = 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr./hr. = 0.55 x 103 mRem/Ci/Mtr./hr.
= 550 mRem/Ci/Mtr./Hr.

For, 30 Ci source the radiation level at 1 mtr. distance will be 30 Ci x 550 mRem/Ci/hr.
= 16500 mRem/hr.

From Inverse Sq. Law

I1 = D2²
I2 = D1²

Or D2² = I1 x D1²
I2

Or D2 = I1 x D1²
I2

Where,
I1 = 16500mRem/hr.
I2 = 15 mRem/hr.
D1 = 1 mtr..
D2 = ?

D2 = 16500 x 1² Mtr. = 33.16 Mtr.

15

 The required distance = 33.16 Mtr.

Page 10 of 22
 RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION
Sample Problems

11. A radioactive source gives out radiation of 0.6 mSv/h. A radiographer has worked for two
hours 30 minutes. What is the dose received in Rem?

Solution:
Dose received = Dose Rate x Time
Given,

Dose Rate = 0.6 mSv / Hr. = 0.6 mSv/Hr. x 0.1 Rem/mSv

= 0.06 Rem/hr.

Time = 2 Hrs. 30 Min. = 2½ Hr.

 Dose = 0.06 Rem/ hr. x 2½ Hr.

= 0.15 Rem

The dose received by the radiographer = 0.15 Rem.

Page 11 of 22
 RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION
Sample Problems

12. An Ir-192 Radioactive Source with activity of 4850 m Curie is used for Radiography, RHM
= 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr./Hr. at what distance a cordon will be placed?

Solution:
Activity = 4850 mCi
= 4850/1000 Ci
= 4.85 Ci

RHM = 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr./hr.

For 4.85 Ci at 1 meter distance the Radiation level will be;

= 4.85Ci x 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr./hr.

= 2.6675 Rem/hr.

Where,
I1 = 2.6675 Rem/hr.
I2 = 0.75 mRem/hr. = 0.00075 Rem/hr.
D1 = 1 mtr.
D2 = ?

We know
I1 = D2²
I2 = D1²

D2 = I1 x D1²
I2

= 2.6675 x 1²
0.00075

= 59.63 meter

Cordon of distance = 59.63 Ans.

Page 12 of 22
 RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION
Sample Problems

13. A radioactive source gives out radiation of 0.05 mSv/hr. A radiographer has worked for
three hours 30 minutes that is the dose received in micro Sv?

Solution:

We know,
Dose = Dose rate x Time
Dose rate = 0.05 mSv/hr.
Time = 3.5 hrs.
= 0.05 mSv/hr. x 3.5 hrs.
= 0.175 mSv
= 175 Sv [1mSv = 1000 Sv]
Dose = 175 Sv

Page 13 of 22
 RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION
Sample Problems

14. An Ir-192 Radioactive Source of 3700 m Curie is used. RHM is 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr./hr. at
what distance a radiographer will received radiation 5 mRem/hr.

Here,

3700 Ci = 3.7 Ci
1000

for 3.7 Ci at 1 meter distance the radiation

Level will be = 3.7 x 0.55
= 2.035 Rem/hr.

I1 = D2²
I2 = D1² I1 = 5.035 Rem/hr.
I2 = 5mRem = 5 mRem =0.005Rem/hr.
1000
D1 = 1 Meter
D2 = ?

D2 = I1 x D1²
I2

= 2.035 x I² = 407 = 20.17 meter

0.005

The received distance = 20.17 meter.

Page 14 of 22
 RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION
Sample Problems

15. An Ir-192 Radioactive Source of 3700 GBq is used. RHF is 5.9 Rem/Ci/ft./hr. At what
distance a radiographer will receive Radiation 5mRem/hr.?

37 GBq = 1 Ci
1 GBq = 1
37
3700 GBq = 3700 = 100 Ci
37
RHF = 5.9 Rem/Ci/ft./hr.

From 100 Ci at 1 feet distance the radiation level will be 5.9 x 100 = 590 Rem/hr.

I1 = D2² I1 = 590 mRem/hr.

I2 = D1² I2 = 5 mRem/hr. = 5 mRem/hr.
1000
= 0.005 mRem/hr.
D1 = 1 ft.
D2 = ?

D2 = I1 x D1²
I2

= 590 x I² = 343.5 ft.

0.005

The distance = 343.5 ft.

--------------------------------
Another process,

The distance = Ci x RHM x 1000 = 100 x 5.9 x 1000 = 343.5 ft.

5 5

Page 15 of 22
 RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION
Sample Problems

16. An Ir-192 Radioactive source of 740 GBq is used RHM is 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr./Hr. At what
distance a radiographer will received radiation 10 mSv?

37 GBq = 1 Ci

 740 GBq = 740 Ci = 20 Ci

37

RHM = 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr./Hr.

For 20 Ci at 1 meter distance the radiation level will be 0.55 x 20 = 11 Rem/hr.

I1 = D2² I1 = 11 Rem/hr.
I2 = D1² I2 = 1 Rem/hr. [10 mSv = 1 Rem]
D1 = 1 Mtr.
D2 = ?

D2 = I1 x D1²
I2

= 11 x I² = 3.31 Mtr.
1

Page 16 of 22
 RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION
Sample Problems

17. A radioactive source gives out radiation of 0.8 mSv. A radiographer has worked for 4 hours
20 minutes. What is the dose received in Rem?

We know, 10 mSv = 1 Rem

0.8 mSv = 0.8 = 0.08 Rem

10

Dose = Dose rate x Time

= 0.08 x 4.33 [4 Hrs. 20 min. = 4.33 Hrs.]

= 0.3464 Rem

Page 17 of 22
 RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION
Sample Problems

18. A Radioactive source gives out Radiation of 8500Sv/hr. A Radiographer has worked for 3
Hour 30 minutes. What is the dose received in Rem?

Here given = 8500Sv/hr.

= 8500 = 8.5 mSv/hr. [1 mSv = 1000Sv]
1000

We know 10 mSv = 1 Rem

1 mSv = 1 Rem
10
8.5 = 8.5 = 0.85 Rem
10

Dose = Rate x Time [3 hours 30 minutes = 3.5 hours]

Dose = 0.85 x 3.5 = 2.975 Rem

Page 18 of 22
 RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION
Sample Problems

19. A radioactive source gives out Radiation of 0.5 mSv/hr. A radiographer has worked for 4
hours 30 minutes. What is the dose received in micro Rem?

We know,
1 mSv = 100 mRem
0.5 mSv = 100 x 0.5 mRem = 50 mRem

1 mRem = 1000 Rem

50 mRem = 50 x 1000 = 50000 Rem.

Dose = Dose Rate x Time [4 hours 30 minutes = 4.5 hours]

= 50000 x 4.5
= 225000 Rem.

Page 19 of 22
 RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION
Sample Problems

20. A radiation survey meter measured a dose rate of 0.032 Sv/h from a source at a distance of
one meter. What is the dose rate at a distance of 40 meter in micro Sv for Co-60 Source?

We know,
1 Sv = 106 Sv
 0.032Sv = 0.032 x 106 Sv

I1 = D2² I1 = 0.032 x 106 Sv

I2 = D1² D1 = 1 Meter
D2 = 40 Meter
Or I2 = ?
I2 = I1 x D1²
D2

I2 = 0.032 x 106 x 1²
40²
= 20 Sv/hr.

Page 20 of 22
 RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION
Sample Problems

21. An Ir-192 radioactive source of 18,500 milli Curie is used. RHM = 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr./hr.
Radiographer is working at 25 meter from source. If radiographer during his duty of 8 hours
decides to work 4 hours, what is the dose received by him in mSv?

Ans.
For 18,500 milli Curie at 1 meter distance the radiation level will be:

= 18,500 x 0.55 x 1000

1000
= 10175 mRem/Hr.

As per Inverse Square Law,

I1 = D2² I1 = 10175 mRem/hr.

I2 = D1² D1 = 1 Meter
D2 = 25 Meter
Or I2 = ?
I2 = I1 x D1²
D2

I2 = 10175 x 1²
25²
= 16.28 mRem/hr.
Dose = Dose Rate x Time
= 16.28 x 4 = 65.12 mRem
So, 1 mRem = 1 mSv
100
65.120 mRem = 65.12 mSv
100
= 0.6512 mSv

Page 21 of 22
 RADIATION SAFETY EXAMINATION
Sample Problems

22. A radioactive source Ir-192 35ci exposed only 35 second. How much dose will receive at
48m long? RHM of Ir-192 = 0.55 Rem/Ci/mtr/hr.

Here,
Source Activity = 35 Ci
RHM of Ir-192 = 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr./hr.
 Dose Rate = 35 Ci x 0.55 Rem/Ci/Mtr./hr.
= 19.25 Rem/hr. @ 1 mtr.
If the Source exposed 35 Sec.
 Dose = 19.25 Rem x 1 hr. x 35 Min.
hr. 60 min. 60 Sec.
= 0.187 Rem @ 1 meter.
 I1 = 0.187 Rem/hr.
D1 = 1 Meter
D2 = 48 Meter
I2 = ?
As per Inverse Square Law,

I1 = D2²
I2 = D1²

 I2 = I1 x D1²
D2²
= 0.187 x 1 ²
(48)²
= 8.12295 x 10-5
Since, 1 Rem = 1000 mRem
I2 = 8.12295 x 10-5 Rem x 1000 mRem
Rem
= 0.08123 mRem Ans.
1 Rem = 1,000 mRem (milliRem)
1 Rem = 1,000,000 µRem (microRem)

1 Sv = 1,000 mSv (milliSv)

1 Sv = 1,000,000 µSv (microSv)

1 Sv = 100 Rem
1 mSv = 100 mRem
1 µSv = 100 Rem

Direct Conversions:
1 mRem = 10 µSv
1 Rem = 10 mSv

Page 22 of 22