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W8-9 Module 007 Data Management PDF
W8-9 Module 007 Data Management PDF
W8-9 Module 007 Data Management PDF
Median.It refers to the middle number if n is odd for a ranked order list of numbers
Mode. It refers to the number that occurs most frequently in a list of numbers.
Weighted Mean. The formula for the weighted mean of the n numbers x1,x2,x3,…, xn is
∑ (x ∙w)
Weighted mean= ∑w
Where ∑ (x ∙w) is the sum of the products formed by multiplying each number by its
assigned weight, and ∑w is the sum of all the weights.
Measures of Dispersion
Range. It refers to the difference between the greatest data value and the least data
value in a given set of data values.
Standard Deviation and Variance. If x1,x2,x3,…, xn is a population of n numbers with
mean μ, then the standard deviation of the population is 𝜎 = √∑(𝑥 −μ) ²
n
and the variance is ∑ (x - μ) ² If x1,x2,x3,…, xn is a sample of n numbers with mean x̅ ,
n-1
then the standard deviation of the population is and the variance is
Course Module
Measures of Relative Position
z score. The z-score for a given data value x is the number of standard deviations
that x is above or below the mean.
z- score for a population data value:
Percentiles. A value called x called the pth percentile of a data set provided p% of
the data values are less than x. Given a set of data and a data value x,
Quartiles and Box-and-Whisker Plots. The quartiles of a data set are the three
numbers Q1 ,Q2 and Q3 that partition the ranked data into four (approximately) equal
groups. Q2 is the median of the data, Q1 is the median of the data values less than Q2
and Q3 is the median of the data values greater than Q2. A box-and-whisker plot is a
display used to show the quartiles and the maximum and minimum values of a data
set.
Course Module