Tan Chor Jin

Tan Chor Jin (陈楚仁 chén chǔrén; 6 March 1966 – 9 January

[2]
Tan Chor Jin
2009), alias Tony Kia, was a Singaporean gang leader known for
fatally shooting 41-year-old Lim Hock Soon, his former friend and
nightclub owner, using a semi-automatic Beretta 0.22 calibre pistol
on 15 February 2006. Tan, who had underworld affiliations and
was a member of Ang Soon Tong since his early years, had also
robbed the Lim family of their valuables before he escaped
Singapore to Malaysia, where he was arrested ten days later. The
media gave him the name One-eyed Dragon given that he was
blind in the right eye.

Subsequently, Tan was charged with the execution-style murder of

Lim, though the charge was later amended to one of an unlawful
discharge of a firearm with intent to cause hurt or death in
Singapore. Both charges were known to warrant the mandatory
death sentence if found guilty, yet Tan chose to represent himself
in his defence during the court proceedings, which failed and led
to Tan being sentenced to death as a result of a lack of evidence in
his favour. After losing his appeals, Tan was hanged on 9 January
2009.[3] His two accomplices, who played a part in assisting Tan Born 6 March 1966[1]
to commit the crime and to escape Singapore, were each sentenced
Singapore
to six and twenty months' imprisonment in 2006 and 2016
respectively. Died 9 January 2009
(aged 42)
Changi Prison,
Singapore
Contents
Cause of Execution by
Early life death hanging
Adult years and criminal career Other names
Tony Kia
Murder of Lim Hock Soon
Robbery and murder One-eyed
Identification of the gunman Dragon
Ah Chwee's account (dubbed by the
Forensic evidence media)

Fugitive status and arrest Criminal Executed

On the run in Malaysia status
Capture Allegiance Ang Soon Tong
Extradition and indictment of Tan Conviction(s) One charge of
Status of the two accomplices unlawfully
Conviction by the High Court discharging a
Amendment of capital charge firearm under the
Trial Arms Offences Act
Verdict (1 count)
Appeals and hanging Criminal Death sentence
Court of Appeal penalty
Clemency appeal Partner(s)
Death row and execution Lim Choon
Chwee, alias Ah
Aftermath
Chwee (Tan's
Fate of accomplice Ho Yueh Keong
childhood
Fate of Ngoi Yew Fatt
friend) - failure
In the media to report a
Posthumous notoreity robbery (six
See also months'
References imprisonment)

Further reading Ho Yueh

Keong, alias
Moh Tang -
Early life abetting Tan to
escape
Tan Chor Jin, the youngest of seven children, was born on 6 Singapore (20
March 1966. Tan's parents were originally from Guangdong, months'
China before they immigrated to Singapore in the 1950s, and they imprisonment)
worked as food stall owners to make ends meet.
Details
Tan, who had two sisters and four brothers, grew up living in a Victims 1
three-room flat at Kim Keat. He was very close to his siblings and Date 15 February 2006
filial to his parents. His father and mother died of old age in 1997
and 1998 respectively.[4] Country Singapore
Date 25 February 2006
Tan spoke little English, but he could understand Chinese and a bit apprehended
of Malay.[3]

Adult years and criminal career

As he grew into adulthood, Tan Chor Jin joined the Ang Soon Tong gang, which existed since the 1950s
and had a vast criminal network in trafficking drugs and arms, and both illegal money lending and
gambling. Tan had also engaged in such activities, and during his time in the gang, Tan rose through the
ranks and became a feared triad leader of the underworld. He also engaged into a career as an illegal bookie
who collect horse-racing and football bets at a coffee shop in Balestier Road.[5]

Sometime in the 1980s, Tan was jailed for five years in Changi Prison for gang-related activities, including
rioting and fighting. A former inmate from the prison reported that during his time of imprisonment, Tan
was well-behaved and spent most of his time studying. He also liked to play Chinese chess during his free
time, even when he was not in prison.[6]

Aside from his gangland connections, Tan began to open a shop that sold traditional Chinese medicine in
Malaysia. He later expanded the business into a branch of four shops, and also expanded into the trade of
Chinese religious products and penchants. He became affluent enough to own branded cars. Despite his
gangster affiliations, Tan never talked about them in his home and never brought his friends to his siblings’
homes. Even when he smoked, he did not do so in front of his family members and only did it near the
window out of respect for them. According to one of Tan's older brothers, he said that Tan was close to his
three children, and they fondly looked up to him as an uncle they liked.[4]
Tan was married in 2001 to Siau Fang Fang ( 萧芳芳 ; xiāo fāngfāng), a Malaysian who was born in 1981.
Even though he moved to Hougang after his marriage, he lived with his wife and in-laws in Malaysia,
where he operated his business. He had no children with Siau. Tan would later on have a mistress named
Lian Yee Hwa ( 连依华 ; lián yīhuá), who was the same age as his wife. Together, he and Lian have two
children, a daughter (born 2002) and son (born 2006).[4]

In 1999, Tan had a traffic accident. Although he survived it, Tan suffered an eye injury due to the broken
glass pieces having flown into his right eye during the crash, which pierced through and thus blinded him
in the right eye.[7]

Murder of Lim Hock Soon

Robbery and murder

Early on the morning of 15 February 2006, at a HDB block in Lim Hock Soon
Serangoon, a family living in one of the block's second-floor units
was robbed of their valuables, with the patriarch of the family
being shot dead.[8]

In that same morning, the police were contacted and they arrived at
the scene. They entered the flat of the family, and found a dead
body riddled with five gunshot wounds in one of the rooms. The
victim was recognised as Lim Hock Soon ( 林福顺 ; lín fúshùn), a
41-year-old owner of a famous nightclub in Singapore. Lim's
family was also earlier robbed of their valuables. The police also
found a total of six used cartridges on the floor of the study, along
with a chair that was damaged by one of the spent bullets. The
wounds were found on Lim's left arm, right temple, right cheek,
back and left thigh.
Lim Hock Soon, the victim
According to Lim's 33-year-old Malaysian wife Kok Pooi Leng
郭佩玲
( ; guō pèilíng), Lim's 13-year-old daughter, and Lim's 22- Born Lim Hock Soon
year-old Indonesian maid Risa Erawati Ning Tyas, all three of c. 1965
them testified that they were being threatened by a Chinese man Singapore
wearing black clothes and black cap, who was holding a gun and a
Died 15 February 2006
knife. The complete sequence of events started at 55 minutes past
(aged 41)
six o’clock when Lim's daughter, the first and only child of Lim
and his wife, was preparing to go to school. She saw the man Serangoon,
appearing at her doorstep, telling her to go inside as he wanted to Singapore
rob them. Risa, who often would bring her employer's daughter to Cause of A fatal gunshot
school, was also held at gun point by the man. death wound at the right
temple
After locking the door, the gunman forced the maid and daughter
into the living room. Lim, who was sleeping on a mattress inside Resting An unspecified
the living room, was rudely awakened by the gunman, who place cemetery in
pointed the gun at him and told him and the others to go into the Singapore
master bedroom, where Lim's wife was also awakened from her
Nationality Singaporean
sleep. Having forced all four into the master bedroom, the robber
forced Lim's wife to surrender their valuables and place them in his Other names
Milk Pig/Guni Ter
bag. Then, the gunman told Lim to tie up his family with towels.
Lim Piggy
Afterwards, the Lim family and maid was taken into Lim's study at Ah Pui
gunpoint, and from his safe, Lim additionally gave the gunman Fei Lo
more of his cash and possessions. In total, the gunman received
$170,000 in cash and property, including assorted jewellery, four Occupation Nightclub owner
Rolex watches and foreign currencies (including Thai baht). After Employer Himself
this, the gunman remained in the flat, ordering Lim's wife to use
the TV cable wire to tie Lim's hands. As Lim pleaded with the Known for Murder victim
gunman to not hurt his maid and family, the gunman told them to Spouse(s) Kok Pooi Leng
go into different rooms. The maid went into Lim's daughter's Children 1
bedroom and Lim's wife and daughter were forced into the master
bedroom, while both Lim and the gunman stayed in the study.

The family later told police that, after they went into the rooms. They heard gunshots coming from Lim's
study, and they all realised that Lim was killed. Additionally, Risa, the family maid, spoke to the police that
prior to her employer's death, she peeked outside the bedroom and saw both Lim and the gunman, who
seem to know each other, engaging in a heated row, but she could not make out what they were talking
about. Risa said that the mysterious man in black suddenly used his left hand to point the gun at Lim's face
and fired at close range. Lim cried out in pain and collapsed. Risa said that at the sight of Lim being shot,
she quickly moved back and covered her ears, in which she heard more shots but could not make out how
many times the gunman fired his gun. However, the common description the family gave of the gunman
was, the man had one abnormal eye.

Before he left, the one-eyed murderer went to the room where Lim's wife and daughter were confined in,
outrightly stating that Lim deserved to die, as he had gone too far and it was his fault, over whatever
personal issues he had with Lim. He also threatened Lim's wife to not report him or he will come back to
kill her and her family.[9][10][11][12]

Identification of the gunman

According to the man's description, and having asked questions to Lim's acquaintances about the
mysterious one-eyed man, the police identified the suspected one-eyed killer as Tan Chor Jin, who was an
old acquaintance of Lim. According to one of Lim's close acquaintances, he told police that Tan, also
known as Tony Kia to secret society members, had borrowed some $30,000 from Lim, who was known as
"Guni Ter" or Milk Pig in the underworld due to his obesity. Tan had never returned the money to Lim,
resulting in Lim taking the friend to come with him to Malaysia in 2003 to confront Tan and asked him to
return the money. Tan was said to have asked for more time to raise the sum, and he was never heard from
again until the day before Lim's death, where he approached Lim at around 3 am, as he wanted to borrow
more money. Lim's friend informed the police that Lim was said to be fearful as Tan knew where he lived
despite the fact that he never gave Tan his address.

The police then began to place Tan's name on the wanted list and asked the public through the media to
inform the police if they had any information about Tan and his whereabouts. Having found out that Tan
had left Singapore through the Woodlands Checkpoint, they also asked the Malaysian police for help to
capture Tan, who went into hiding in Malaysia.[9]

Ah Chwee's account

Soon after they launched a manhunt for Tan, the police received news that a 38-year-old man named Lim
Choon Chwee ( 林春⽔ ; lín chūnshuǐ; unrelated to Lim Hock Soon), better known as Ah Chwee ( 阿⽔
; āh
shuǐ), surrendered himself. When he was brought back for questioning in the CID, Ah Chwee admitted that
he knew Tan and the one-eyed killer's plan to rob Lim, but he said he was not aware that Tan would kill
Lim Hock Soon.

In his statements, Ah Chwee, who was Tan's childhood friend and fellow gang member from Ang Soon
Tong, said that when he received word from a friend that Tan was in Singapore and Tan was looking for
him. Ah Chwee then met up with Tan in the friend's flat and on Tan's request, he drove him to Lim's place
of residence in Serangoon in the early hours of 15 February 2006, hours before Lim met his end in Tan's
hands. Ah Chwee said he noticed that Tan brought along a black bag but he did not know that it contained
a gun, knife and some spare ammunition.

Ah Chwee said that ten minutes after they reached Serangoon, Tan, who alighted the car as soon as they
parked the car, returned and as they left, Tan asked Ah Chwee where he could steal a Rolex watch. Ah
Chwee said that he was puzzled about Tan's question and asked him why. Tan then confided in him that he
was facing a lot of financial troubles and quite down in his luck. They went back to Ah Chwee's friend's
house to watch a football match for two hours before Tan asked him to drive him back to Lim's
neighbourhood again.

After they reached Serangoon, Ah Chwee remained in the car as Tan went into the block to look for Lim,
this time armed and ready to rob the nightclub owner. This time, the wait lasted for 30 minutes, and Tan
returned, with a white plastic bag full of the money and valuables he stole from Lim and seemingly
flustered (as he killed Lim earlier on). Ah Chwee recounted that Tan asked him to drive to the canal nearby
the house of Ah Chwee's friend. Tan was said to have gone there to do something. Afterwards, they went
back to the friend's house, and contacted a Malaysian named Ho Yueh Keong (
[10]
何岳强 ; hé yuèqiáng), alias
Moh Tang, who subsequently went out of Malaysia together with Tan. Ho had earlier on helped drive
Tan into Singapore on the day before Lim Hock Soon's murder and reportedly knew in January 2006 that
Tan had planned to murder Lim.[13]

With the crucial information from Ah Chwee, the police were directed to search the waters in the canal.
The search yielded a semi-automatic Beretta .22-calibre pistol, and some unused ammunition.[9] Ah Chwee
was subsequently placed under arrest and charged with abetting Tan to commit murder. Ho Yueh Keong,
the alleged accomplice who helped Tan escape Singapore, also had his name placed on the wanted
list.[10][14][15]

Forensic evidence

Having received the murder weapon, the scientists from the Health Sciences Authority, Vicky Chow and
Lim Chin Chin (unrelated to Lim Hock Soon or Lim Choon Chwee), test fired the gun and ascertained that
it was indeed the same gun which Tan used to kill Lim Hock Soon, after matching the spent cartridges to
the gun. The two scientists had also reconstructed the crime scene based on the different locations of where
they found the cartridge cases and gunshot residue. It was deduced that when Lim was shot six times, one
of the shots hit the chair, while as for the rest of the shots, Lim was possibly moving around the room when
he was shot. Although she was unable to decipher the full sequence of how the six shots were fired, Dr
Lim Chin Chin deduced that the final shot was the one at the victim's right temple, which was fired near the
doorway of Lim Hock Soon's study. She stated that if it was one of the initial shots, there would have been
traces of blood flowing down the head and neck and onto the collar of Lim's shirt; instead, there was little
blood found nearby the wound.

According to Dr Lim, the gun was fired close-range at Lim Hock Soon's face from a MTT (muzzle-to-
target) distance of less than 10 cm because of the presence of searing and a powder tattooing pattern of
about 3 cm in diameter. The MTT distance for the wounds at the back and at the left thigh was estimated at
between 100 and 150 cm, meaning that the shooting range was quite far away. Finally, it was concluded
from all the forensic evidence that the shots at the deceased's right temple and left arm were fired at close
ranges with MTT distances of 10 to 25 cm, resulting in the presence of powder tattooing patterns of 6 to
8 cm in diameter around the two small circular wounds. The bloodstains around his body were said to
appear undisturbed, meaning that after he laid down, he likely did not move after that. These above
information would be crucial to discredit Tan's later claim of self-defence against Lim, who allegedly
attacked him, since it was unlikely for Lim to have done so and he was defenceless at the time Tan shot
him.

Dr Teo Eng Swee, the pathologist who performed the autopsy on the victim, determined that the cause of
Lim's death was due to the gunshot wound on Lim's right temple. The bullet had cut through a large part of
the brain, which damaged it and fatally killed Lim. The bullet did not exit the skull, and it stopped right
under the skin of the left side of the head, which formed a laceration behind Lim's left ear, meaning that the
head of the victim was pressed against a hard surface like a floor. It meant that Lim was possibly
defenceless at this point of time.[9][16][17]

Fugitive status and arrest

On the run in Malaysia

While the Singapore police were still investigating, the Royal Malaysian Police managed to trace the
whereabouts of Tan Chor Jin, who met up with an old friend and local ganglord after he arrived in
Malaysia. The ganglord happened to be watched by Malaysian police officers, who then noticed Tan and
trailed him as well, which they continued to do after updating the Singaporean authorities about this.

Tan, who planned to go to Chiang Mai, Thailand, spent the next few days staying in cheap places. On 25
February 2006, he decided to check into a five-star hotel called Grand Plaza Park Royal Hotel in Kuala
Lumpur, where he went to procure a fake passport under his alias Tony Kia. The Malaysian police went to
the hotel to monitor his movements, with a plan to capture him.[10]

Capture

At around midnight, Tan, who was together with his wife and four others in one of the three rooms they
booked, craved for some Hainanese chicken rice, which he ordered through room service. An undercover
Malaysian policeman posed as a waiter and delivered the food to Tan's room on the 13th floor. The cop
used the chance to scan the room's layout and how many were with Tan. A listening device was stuck on
one of the dishes. Tan and the others went to bed at around 2 am, and two hours later, a 12-member police
team arrived at the three rooms, where they arrested Tan and the others.

The police searched the rooms and found a total of six guns, 203 bullets, two pairs of handcuffs and 4 kg of
ketamine, with a street value of nearly $22,000.[10] Tan tried to bargain with the Malaysian police to give
them information about where he purchased the gun and the people who helped him to do so in exchange
for not getting handed over to the Singaporean police, which was unsuccessful.[18] One of the five other
people arrested happened to be Ngoi Yew Fatt, a Singaporean gangster and murder suspect who was
wanted by Singapore for another murder that took place in Yishun the year before Tan's crime. Another of
the five arrested was also wanted for an unsolved murder in Malaysia.[14]

Extradition and indictment of Tan

On 1 March 2006, despite his supposed fear of flying, Tan was extradited back to Singapore by flight, with
the Singaporean police officers escorting him on the trip.[19] After he arrived in Singapore and taken to the
local courts, Tan was officially charged with first-degree murder (or intentional murder) under the Penal
Code. If found guilty, it would be the death penalty Tan was waiting for. After which, Tan was taken back
to the crime scene by CID police officers to re-enact his case. Reportedly, both Lim's widow and Lim's
elderly mother, the latter who lived next to her son's home, shouted and hurled expletives at Tan upon
seeing him, telling him to go to hell and to pay for what he did.[20] Later, a lawyer named John Abraham
was assigned to defend Tan in his upcoming trial for murder. Tan was also remanded in Changi Prison for
psychiatric assessment.[21]

According to Tan's wife, when she visited her husband in police custody, Tan confessed to having an affair
and had children with the mistress. He also asked her to meet up with his mistress, who received news of
his arrest from the Malaysian media. The two women, who were initially hostile to each other when they
first met, later calmed down as they found themselves in the same boat and it was pointless to be angry.
They reportedly got along like sisters, and were always together during their visits to Tan while he was in
prison. Tan's wife also said that her husband wanted her to remarry in light of the imminent fate he was
facing.[1][4] In August 2006, Tan's mistress gave birth to their second child, a son, but Tan could not visit
his child even though his wife was present in the hospital.[22]

Status of the two accomplices

As for the other two accomplices, one of them, Malaysian Ho Yueh Keong, who earlier assisted Tan to flee
Singapore, remained on the police's wanted list as of the time when Tan was taken into custody.

The other accomplice Ah Chwee, who surrendered himself prior to Tan's capture and faced a charge of
abetting murder, was subsequently given a discharge not amounting to an acquittal, and he eventually
received a jail term of six months for his failure to report the robbery to the police. Ah Chwee's sentence
was backdated to the date when he was first detained in remand six months before, and he was released on
the same day he was sentenced.[23][24]

Ah Chwee would later become one of the prosecution's key witnesses against Tan, who was dubbed the
"One-Eyed Dragon" in Singapore's newspapers due to his abnormal one eye.[10]

Conviction by the High Court

Amendment of capital charge

In August 2006, while Tan was still awaiting trial, the prosecution decided to dismiss the murder charge
and instead proceed with a fresh charge of an unlawful discharge of a firearm with the intention to cause
death or hurt under the Arms Offences Act of Singapore (enacted since 1973).[25] If convicted of this new
charge, Tan Chor Jin would still face the gallows.[26]

According to a memoir written by criminal lawyer Subhas Anandan (who would later represent Tan in his
appeal), he stated that should the prosecution maintained the first-degree murder charge against Tan, their
burden of proof was to prove an intention to kill and all Tan would need to do was to put up a defence of
no intention to kill or diminished responsibility, which would reduce the murder charge to a lesser, non-
capital conviction of culpable homicide not amounting to murder. However, the prosecution's replacement
of the new charge would mean that regardless of whether Tan suffered from abnormality of mind or not,
and regardless of whether he killed accidentally or not, Tan would still be found guilty and face the death
penalty because these defences would not be effective against the charge of illegally firing a gun, as long as
the prosecution could prove that he had indeed done so, and furthermore, that shot took away a life.
According to Anandan, he claimed that Tan was shocked and dumbfounded to discover the amendment as
he thought he could call his psychiatrist to testify for him on his behalf to support the defence of diminished
responsibility.[3]

Trial

Before the start of the trial, despite having such a serious sentence on his head, Tan decided to dismiss his
original lawyer John Abraham and represent himself, making him the first person to defend himself against
a capital charge since the previous 16 years.[27] Even though he was told that he could have a lawyer
assigned to him pro bono, maybe two lawyers like a senior lawyer and junior assistant, Tan still did not
accept the request and thus he himself stood trial unrepresented. According to Anandan, Tan dismissed his
original lawyer because Abraham allegedly could not help him get any cigarettes, or to help him to transfer
him from his Changi Prison psychiatric cell to Queenstown Remand Prison. Prisoners in Singapore at that
time were not allowed to have cigarettes in prisons. Tan, who suffered from withdrawal symptoms, had
repeatedly asked the judge throughout the trial if he could smoke in prison, but to no avail.[3] He explained
his desire to smoke in prison by saying that, "a car without petrol cannot go; my mind without cigarettes
cannot think."[10]

In the trial, which began on 22 January 2007,[28] Tan cross-examined the witnesses and called his own
witnesses. He even warned the witnesses to not lie about what he did when their answers were not in his
favour.[29] From what Anandan researched about Tan before he began to defend him in his appeal, he
stated that Tan had done his best to do so, but the problems were that Tan was always missing the important
and relevant points, being too emotional and dramatic in some aspects while defending himself, and being
untrained in law, Tan naturally did not do much of a successful defence against the charge he was facing.[3]

Regardless, in his trial, Tan gave his account of what happened. He claimed that he only wanted to scare
Lim as he feared that Lim might send someone to kill him. A few years ago, Tan and Lim ran an illegal
horse racing and football betting ring, in which he accepted the monetary bets placed by Lim's runners. By
April 2004, he said, the runners had suffered from losses of $220,000 but Lim refused to settle the debt. In
2005, Tan discovered that Mr Lim had ordered people to go after him and kill him. Hence, he went to
Thailand to buy a semi-automatic Beretta .22-calibre pistol in Johor for self-defence, and to settle scores
with him while trying to not having an undue disadvantage given his blind right eye.[30] He said that on
that morning of 15 February 2006 at 3 am, three hours before Lim's death, he went there with a plan to
settle their issues peacefully but Lim rudely rejected him and closed the door on his face. To rebut the fact
that he owed the victim money, Tan even tried to portray himself as an affluent and generous businessman
without any money problems by cross-examining his friends, who appeared in the court, to make them tell
the court that Tan had made donations of RM100,000 to a Taoist temple in late 2005, as well as making a
purchase of a Buddhist pendant with a monetary amount between S$20,000 (RM46,000) and S$30,000
(RM69,000) in cash in January 2006.[31]

Tan also put up a multi-pronged defence against the arms charge. The first tier of Tan's defence was that he
actually fired the shots in self-defence when the victim Lim Hock Soon allegedly raised a chair and charged
at Tan with an attempt to attack him. The second tier was Tan's pistol had misfired and the hurt or death
caused was accidental. The final tier was that Tan, who had drank some alcohol with his friends prior to the
attack, had been intoxicated with alcohol when he killed Lim, meaning his mental responsibility was
impaired.[32]

However, the above account, especially the defences, did not work for Tan in his favour. For the first tier of
defence, it failed as the prosecution had pointed out that it was not possible for Lim to be able to lift up the
chair since his hands were being tied. The second tier of defence was also unsuccessful as one of the expert
witnesses - David Loo, an arms specialist from the police's Armament Branch - test fired the gun and found
that the gun had not malfunctioned. Loo also told the judge in court that even if the gun did misfire, it
would not fire more than one shot. The third and final tier of defence also flew out of the window due to
the psychiatrist, Dr R. Munidasa Winslow, whom Tan called as a witness to support his defence of
intoxication resulting in impairment of his faculties, had unexpectedly sold him out and stated that Tan was
not suffering from any abnormality of the mind and the level of alcohol consumed by Tan was not
sufficient to impair his mental responsibility, even if he was genuinely drunk at that time.[10] The
psychiatrist was said to have explained to Tan earlier before the trial that such a defence may be relevant to
rebut a murder charge, but it was not relevant to rebut the firearms charge he was facing, as it would still
warrant him a conviction even if he was not mentally sound at the time of the shooting. Tan was reportedly
enraged about what he perceived was a calculated betrayal on the part of the psychiatrist and had called
him all sorts of names publicly in the courtroom.[3]

In the midst of the trial, Tan suddenly pleaded with the judge to sentence him to death. Mainly, Tan claimed
that he was doing so out of love for his wife, Siau Fang Fang, because there were instances where Siau
received death threats from members of the public due to her husband's killing of Lim and publicity of the
case. When Siau took the stand once, she showed the court one of the messages, which said if Tan did not
pay with his life for Lim's cold-blooded murder, Siau shall be the one who would pay with her life for this.
Despite this, the trial continued on. Siau, who was present throughout the court proceedings, was said to be
touched to hear this. Tan's mistress was said to be absent throughout the trial as she was dedicating her time
to take care of her two young children, though she would still get updates about the developments of the
trial.[33]

In his closing submissions, Deputy Public Prosecutor (DPP) Chew Chin Yee, who was assisted by his
colleague Edwin San in this case, argued that Tan's testimony was not to be believed, given that it was built
on untruthfulness, it was constructively evasive and at times, it was ludicrous to the point of reinforcing his
guilt. As such they urged the court to convict Tan of illegally discharging his gun six times and sentenced
him to death, since he did so with the intention to hurt and kill the victim.

When it was Tan's turn to give his closing submissions, Tan was not sure of what to do, as he himself was
not a professional lawyer. The judge, who gave Tan some time and writing materials to prepare and asked
him what he needed, heard Tan making a request, "If I say I need a lawyer now, how?" The judge,
however, did not accept Tan's request for a lawyer to help him sum up his case.

Verdict

At the end of the trial on 22 May 2007, the High Court found Tan guilty and sentenced him to death.

In his judgement, Justice Tay Yong Kwang dismissed Tan's defences. He described the claim of accidental
shooting as a "laughable fantasy", since it needed firm grip and strength to pull the trigger, and there was no
automatic function in the gun that enabled multiple shots through one single pull of the trigger, and instead,
the gun could only fire a single shot by one pull of the trigger. Therefore, it was unlikely to say that Tan had
accidentally fired at Lim.

Justice Tay further explained in his written verdict that Tan has not rebutted or denied the fact that he fired
his gun, hence there should be a presumption that he did so with an intent to kill or hurt. Having carried an
illegal, unlicensed weapon like a Beretta handgun, there was no legal basis for Tan to carry it regardless of
whether he really wanted to negotiate or threaten Lim regarding their personal issues. Since he entered
Lim's matrimonial home in such an armed, menacing manner, Lim has the right to self-defence even if it
was true that he did carry a chair to attack Tan, given that the one-eyed gunman was the aggressor, and
such a right remains even if Lim fought and injure or kill Tan. Besides, the chair and other objects in Lim's
study were still arranged in an orderly manner, which meant Lim never used the chair at all like what Tan
claimed.
From the evidence, Justice Tay also rubbished Tan's claims of alcohol intoxication resulting in diminished
responsibility, given that he practically was able to recall the events that took place clearly. He was able to
maintain his momentum and clearly converse with the victims when he gave them his orders to go into
separate rooms and for them to hand over their cash and jewelry. He was still able to instruct Ah Chwee to
drive him to the river where he disposed of his weapons, as well as preparing to flee the country with his
spoils and triumphantly telling Ah Chwee to read the news about the shooting before his escape. These
actions, from Justice Tay's words, showed that Tan was in control of his faculties at the time, and instead of
being drunk, his actions were those of an "assured and accomplished assassin".

The judge accepted the testimonies of Lim's family members, particularly the maid Risa's account of what
happened when she saw Tan shooting Lim in the face first. He was satisfied that Risa was telling the truth,
since she had no reason to lie against Tan as she was merely a foreigner who wanted to earn a better life for
herself and her family in Indonesia, and had no prior hatred of Tan. She was merely fulfilling her promise
to her deceased employer to tell the truth rather than spreading words of falsehood and malice. The medical
evidence supplied by Lim Chin Chin and Vicky Chow had also shown that the "One-eyed Dragon" had
indeed fired at Lim's face at a close range. From Dr Teo Eng Swee's autopsy report, it was emphasised by
the pathologist that when the fatal shot was fired at Lim's right temple, he was already lying on the floor
and was defenceless against Tan. Therefore, with finality, Justice Tay ruled that Tan had done so with the
intention of murdering Lim, and he succeeded.

As such, for illegally shooting his gun and intentionally causing the death of Lim Hock Soon, 41-year-old
Tan Chor Jin was hereby sentenced to death in accordance with the Arms Offences Act.[16] Before he was
led away to Changi Prison to officially serve incarceration on death row, Tan asked the judge if he would
be hanged the next day, and then again, he asked for cigarettes. There was no answer.[34]

Appeals and hanging

Court of Appeal

After he received the death sentence, Tan had told newspapers that he wanted Singapore's top lawyer to
represent him in his appeal.[35] Subhas Anandan, who was known to be the best of all the leading criminal
lawyers from Singapore and had defended several high-profile criminals (including Anthony Ler, Took
Leng How and Leong Siew Chor) prior, agreed to represent Tan in his appeal. In this appeal process,
Anandan was assisted by his nephew Sunil Sudheesan, a newly qualified lawyer who did his pupilage
under his wing.

In his memoir, it was revealed that prior to Tan's trial, Anandan actually received a request from someone to
defend Tan in his trial. Anandan admitted in his book that he did not accept the request, because Anandan
himself was actually a close friend of Lim Hock Soon, the same person whom Tan had killed on that fateful
day of 15 February 2006. Anandan wrote that before Lim's untimely death, he was a long-time customer of
Lim's nightclub, and had patronised the place with his clients and colleagues, hence he became acquainted
with Lim and Lim's family members. From his personal relationship with Lim, Anandan affectionately
called his friend "Lim Piggy" due to Lim's large weight.

The lawyer said in his book that he felt uneasiness at the thought of having to cross-examine Lim's
daughter and wife, whom he knew and who witnessed the death of their father and husband, and it would
be quite embarrassing to do so given the existing relationship between him and Lim's bereaved family.
Hence he did not accept the request to defend Tan in his original trial, leading to Tan having to engage
another lawyer and subsequently chose to represent himself. As for why did he agree to represent Tan in
his appeal, Anandan explained that in hearing the appeals, there was no need to cross-examine any
witnesses while arguing the appeals, hence he did not mind to do so since he would not come face to face
with Lim's family as the lawyer who defended the killer of their loved one.[3]

In the appeal hearing, Anandan argued that the original trial judge had erred in rejecting Tan's request for a
lawyer to make closing arguments for his case, which thus led to Tan not having a fair trial.[3] He also
raised Tan's original three-tier defence against the charge of illegal firing of his gun, and said that the judge
should have made a closer inspection of the credibility of the witnesses’ testimony by visiting the crime
scene, especially the maid's evidence of what she saw from the room regarding Tan's shooting of Lim.

After hearing the appeal, the three-judge panel - Andrew Phang, Tan Lee Meng and V K Rajah - of the
Court of Appeal decided to turn down the appeal. They rejected the three-tier defence made by Tan against
the charge, and to them, Anandan's arguments of denial of a fair trial and other factors did not hold much
weight as there was overwhelming evidence to prove that Tan was guilty of the murder of Lim Hock Soon,
hence a re-trial was not appropriate.[3] The choice of visiting the crime scene was entirely up to the
discretion of the judge and was not amounting to a basis for the Court of Appeal to intervene and amend.
As a result of this appeal's dismissal, Tan's death sentence was upheld, bringing Tan one step closer to the
gallows.[36][37]

Clemency appeal

After the loss of his appeal, Tan's final appeal was to petition to the President of Singapore to plead for
clemency, which would allow Tan's death sentence to be reduced to life imprisonment if successful. Tan
was said to be initially reluctant to sign the petition as he had long become ready to die, but he did it
anyway.

When pending his submission of the petition, during one prison visit by his lawyers, Tan asked Anandan if
the submission deadline can be postponed and the process be delayed. Anandan wrote that when he asked
why, Tan replied that he just had a son, who was two years old in 2008, and the young boy had started to
call him "Papa" (translated as father in Chinese). He said he was ready to die, but he just wanted to spend
more time with the little boy and hear him calling his father a few months more. While the lawyer
suggested that he should change lawyers so that he could get more time to prepare his clemency petition,
Tan refused to do so as he was grateful to Anandan for agreeing to take his case and helping him, and he
said that it would only mislead people into thinking that the lawyer was dismissed based on whichever
errors he did to his client.

After submitting the clemency plea, it was decided by the President of Singapore that Tan's appeal should
be dismissed on 5 January 2009. The execution was scheduled to commence four days later on 9 January
2009 at dawn.[38]

Death row and execution

During the process of appeals, Tan Chor Jin was confined on death row in Changi Prison. He was said to
have converted to Buddhism while in jail, and adopted a Buddhist name for himself. He also befriended
some of the death row inmates, including Leong Siew Chor, a notorious murderer who killed his 22-year-
old lover Liu Hong Mei before dismembering her body into seven pieces and abandoning them at Kallang
River. Leong was hanged at the age of 52 on 30 November 2007 for this gruesome crime. Coincidentally,
Leong was one of the clients of Tan's lawyer Subhas Anandan.[3]
During the final days of his life, there were more than 100 relatives and acquaintances who went to pay
their last visits to Tan, with each visit stretched to a few hours. One of Tan's nephews was so distraught that
he fainted and had to be taken to another room to rest given the huge amount of respect he fondly had for
his uncle and the notion that Tan would be executed. As his last meal before his execution, Tan ate his
family's home-cooked meal, which included abalone, his favourite food, as he sat together with his family
members. He also made a final wish to atone his sins and save lives by donating his organs, specifically his
kidneys, liver and the cornea of his remaining eye. One of them was rumoured to be donated to Tang Wee
Sung, a businessman who tried to illegally purchase a kidney for transplant, as he was said to have received
it soon after Tan's hanging.[39][4]

On 9 January 2009, 42-year-old Tan Chor Jin was hanged at dawn. According to a monk, who
accompanied Tan for the last three hours before his execution, he said that Tan had passed on peacefully.
His body was cremated and the ashes were scattered into the sea after his funeral.[4]

Aftermath

Fate of accomplice Ho Yueh Keong

Ho Yueh Keong, the Malaysian who assisted Tan in escaping Singapore, spent a total of nine years and
five months on the run by hiding in Malaysia. In July 2015, Ho was finally caught by Malaysian police
when he tried to go to Batam, Indonesia from Malaysia, and he was brought back to Singapore to face
charges of helping Tan to escape from Singapore and concealing information about the murder of Lim
Hock Soon.[2][40]

On 8 August 2016, after standing trial in a district court, 43-year-old Ho Yueh Keong, who fathered a child
(aged 3 in 2016) while on the run, pleaded guilty to abetting Tan's escape while the other charge of
withholding evidence was taken into consideration during sentencing. Two days after his conviction, Ho
was sentenced to 20 months’ imprisonment on 10 August 2016.[41][42][13]

Fate of Ngoi Yew Fatt

Ngoi Yew Fatt, the other Singaporean murder suspect who was arrested together with Tan Chor Jin in
Malaysia, was eventually extradited to Singapore for trial in 2009 after undergoing criminal investigations
for unrelated offences in Malaysia. He was convicted of causing grievous hurt resulting in death, and
sentenced to two years and nine months' imprisonment. Ngoi was released in 2011, and he later died in a
traffic accident on 24 February 2013, at the age of 54.[43]

In the media

This case was re-enacted in a Singaporean crime show named Crimewatch. It first aired as the fourth
episode of the show's annual season in June 2009. In this episode, Tan was portrayed by Christopher
Chew, who was physically taller and thinner than Tan's real-life counterpart and more fluent in speaking
English, but the details about Tan and his crime in this episode were largely faithful of those of Tan in real-
life.[9]

This case was also recorded in Subhas Anandan's memoir The Best I Could, which features his early life,
career and his notable cases.[3] The memoir was adapted into a TV show of the same name, which runs for
two seasons. Tan's case was re-enacted and aired as the third episode of the show's first season, though
some aspects of the case were altered for dramatic purposes. In this re-enactment, Tan was portrayed
without his trademark one abnormal eye and instead possessed normal vision in both eyes.[18]

In July 2015, Singapore's national daily newspaper The Straits Times published a e-book titled Guilty As
Charged: 25 Crimes That Have Shaken Singapore Since 1965, which included the case of Tan Chor Jin as
one of the top 25 crimes that shocked the nation since its independence in 1965. The book was borne out of
collaboration between the Singapore Police Force and the newspaper itself. The e-book was edited by ST
News Associate editor Abdul Hafiz bin Abdul Samad. The paperback edition of the book was published
and first hit bookshelves in June 2017. The paperback edition first entered the ST bestseller list on 8 August
2017, a month after publication.[44][45][10]

Posthumous notoreity

In February 2020, when the Singapore Police Force (SPF) commemorated its 200th anniversary by setting
an exhibition at the National Museum of Singapore, The Straits Times interviewed the past and present
police officers, who spoke about several high-profile crimes they managed during their years of career in
the police force. One of them, 55-year-old Superintendent Abdul Halim Osman, who was still serving in
the force, mentions that the case of Lim Hock Soon's murder as his most memorable of all cases he
encountered before. Abdul Halim said to the newspaper that back then, when he was the investigative
officer of the case and saw the bullet-riddled corpse of Lim lying in his study room, there was a need for
him anad his team of CID officers to manage the chaotic situation and crime scene properly to ensure no
stone was left unturned, given the distress of the family members and the fact that a serious offence of
murder was committed in such a situation where a killer took away a life in front of the witnesses.[46]

In January 2021, The Straits Times published an article that recalled the three most notorious gangsters from
Singapore, which included Tan Chor Jin among these three people given his notoreity as the killer of Lim
Hock Soon in 2006. The other two were "Singapore Siao" Aw Teck Boon and Ah Kong's founder Roland
Tan. Roland Tan was wanted by Singaporean police for the unsolved murder of Lam Cheng Siew at Bras
Basah in 1969, and he escaped to the Netherlands, where he founded Ah Kong and dabbled in illegal drug
trafficking before he re-settled in Copenhagen, Denmark, where he passed away due to a heart attack in
May 2020. Aw Teck Boon, a triad leader of the 60-member Sio Kun Tong gang, was known for causing
the death of a man during a fatal assault involving more than 100 gang members, and had also served
detention under the Criminal Law (Temporary Provisions) Act for being an underworld leader. Aw was
later killed by an unknown assailant in May 1999, and his funeral was attended by many members of the
public and some police officers who paid their respects despite his gangland connections, as some residents
remembered his kindness and him helping them getting out of financial trouble. Aw was survived by his
then 28-year-old Thai wife and a then four-year-old daughter. The killer(s) of Aw were never
found.[47][48][49]

See also
Capital punishment in Singapore
Arms Offences Act
Ang Soon Tong
List of major crimes in Singapore (2000–present)
List of major crimes in Singapore (before 2000)

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48. "From the ST archives: At the wake of gangster chief Aw Teck Boon" (https://www.straitstime
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Further reading
Anandan, Subhas (2009). The Best I Could. Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 978-9812619587.
Abdul Samad, Abdul Hafiz (2017). Guilty as Charged: 25 Crimes that Have Shaken
Singapore Since 1965. Straits Times Press Pte Ltd. ISBN 978-9814642996.

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