CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 6: NANOMATERIALS

Table of contents: By Team Meow meow = ( Halimeow and 3 headed creature)

SYNTHESIS OF NANOMATERIALS
I. WHAT IS NANOMATERIALS
II. SYNTHESIS OF NANOMATERIALS Top down method Bottom-up
III. CARBON NONOMATERIALS method
IV. METALLIC NANOMATERIALS Definition A bulk material is Nanomaterials are
V. QUANTUM DOTS destructively reduced prepared by
VI. APPLICATION OF NANOMATERIAL until its size reaches building it up from
into nanosized atomic or molecular
parameters species via chemical
WHAT IS NANOMATERIALS reactions
Examples  Mechanical  Sol-gel
Nanomaterials describe, in principle, materials of which a milling  Chemical vapor
single unit is sized between 1 to 1000 nanometres but usually  Nanolithography deposition
is 1 to 100 nm.  Laser ablation (CVD)
 Sputtering  Pyrolysis
Advantage  Larger scale  Ultra-fine
production: nanoshells,
deposition over a nanotubes can
large substrate be prepared
 Chemical  Deposition
purification is not parameters can
required be controlled
 Narrow size
distribution is
possible(1-
20nm)
 Cheaper
technique
Disadvantag  Broad size  Large scale
e distribution production is
 Control over difficult
deposition  Chemical
APPLICATION OF NANOMATERIALS parameters is purification of
difficult to nanoparticles
achieve
 Impurities:
stresses, defects
and
imperfections get
introduced
 Expensive
technique

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 TOP DOWN METHOD
Mechanical
milling
Nanolithograph - It involves the fabrication and
y printing of desired
Nanostructured shapes and
structures by selectively
removing a portion of a material
Laser ablation - A metal sample is submerged in
a solvent and continuously
irradicated by a laser beam
Sputtering - This process involves the
deposition of nanoparticles on a
surface through ion or atom
bombardment.
Graphene
- The thinnest existing material in the world
- It is also the strongest metal (200 times stronger than
steel)
- It is comprised of sp2 – hybridized carbon arranged in
a hexagonal pattern.
- Remarkable electronic conductivity, high thermal ,
optical transparency and mechanical property
- Possible potential application in energy storage and
conversion and bioelectronic sensors

BOTTOM-UP DOWN METHOD

Sol-gel It is a wet chemical method which
involves the following processes to
produce nanomaterials, hydrolysis and
polycondensation gelation, aging,
drying, densification and
crystallization.
Chemical vapor It is a desposition technique to
deposition (CVD) produce thin films on a substrate by
bombarding it with gaseous reactants. Carbon nanotubes
Pyrolysis The most common industrial process - Is a cylindrical rolled up graphene sheet.
for preparing large-scale production of - The carbon atoms are sp2-hybridized and
nanoparticles. The precursor is fed into hexagonally-arranged.
the furnace through a small hole - It a good and electrical conductor
where it is burned.

CARBON NANOMATERIAL
Carbon nanodots (CND)
- Possess good water solubility, low toxicity and strong
fluorescence emission.
- Due to their unique properties. – has a potential
applications for biological imagine and labelling and
drug delivery.
 METALLIC NANOMATERIAL
- Nanostructured metallic substances.
- examples of metal nanoparticles being used and
studied are silver and gold nanoparticles and oxides of
titanium and zinc
- properties of metallic nanomaterial;
o dispersed well on various solvents
o higher surface area making them ideal
catalyst.
o It has a distinct optical properties due to the
collective oscillation of surface electron upon
interaction with a specific wavelength

THE END

QUANTUM DOTS

Quantum dots are tiny semiconductor around 2 to 10nm size,

having optical and electronic properties that differ from larger
particles due to quantum mechanics. 
 Example cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide and lead
sulfide.

Applications of Quantum dots

 It is used TV displays and branded as QLED
 Photodetectors - can be produced from traditional
single-crystalline semiconductors or solution-
processed.
 Photovoltaics- Quantum dot solar cells are much
more cost-effective when compared to silicon solar
cells
 Biological Applications - can target specific cells or
proteins using peptides, antibodies or ligands and
then observed to study the target protein or the
behavior of the cells.
 Quantum Computing- enables information processing
speeds and memory capacity to both be greatly
improved when compared to conventional computer