fly Designation: G15 - 13
Slandaid Practice for
Operating Xenon Arc
Metallic Materials’
This sumdard is issued under the fixed designation G1SS: the amber immenely folowing te desigaation india the yea of
ight Apparatus for Exposure of Non-
vigil adoption in he case of eis, the year af ast evson, A nomber a pareatese acts the yeas of st veappovalA
superscript epson () ndiates an eter ehange since the lt vision a teapyova
This standard has Len approved for use by agenles ofthe Deparent of Defense
1. Seope*
1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating
procedures for using xenon arc light and water apparatus
Intended to reproduce the weathering effects that occur when
materials are exposed to sunlight (either direct or through
window glass) and moisture as rain or dew in actual use. This
practice is limited to the procedures for obtaining, measuring,
and controlling conditions of exposure. A number of exposure
procedures are listed in an appendix; however, this practice
oes not specify the exposure conditions best suited for the
material to be tested.
‘Nore I~—Practce GISI desribes performance criteria forall exposure
devives that use Iaboretory light sources. This practice replaces Practice
G26, which describes very specific designs for devices used for xenon-ate
exposures. The apparatus described in Practice G26 is covered by this
practice.
1.2 Test specimens are exposed to filtered xenon are light
under controlled environmental conditions. Different types of
Xenon arc light sources and different filter combinations are
described.
1.3 Specimen preparation and evaluation of the results are
covered in ASTM methods or specifications for specific
materials. General guidance is given in Practice G151 and ISO
4892-1. More specific information about methods for deter-
mining the change in properties after exposure and reporting
these results is described in Practice D5870.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard, No other units of measurement are included in this
standard,
15 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
"is practic i unde the jradcton of ASTM Connie GOS on Weathering
‘and Durability and is the diect responsibilty of Subeooumivee O33 co
‘Shoulated and ConzlledExponce Tet,
CCorere eition approved Jane 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Orgy
‘approved in 197, Last previous edition approved in 2005 as G15S C58. DOK
10.1520000155-13.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5.1 Should any ozone be generated from the operation of
the lamp(s), it shall be carried away from the test specimens
‘and operating personnel by an exhaust system.
1.6 This practice is technically similar to the following ISO
documents: ISO 4892-2, ISO 11341, ISO 105 BO2, ISO 105
B04, ISO 105 B05, and ISO 105 BOS.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
13980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and
Related Materials (Withdrawn 1998)°
15870 Practice for Calculating Property Retention Index of
Plastics
12691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
626 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus
(Xenon-Are Type) With and Without Water for Exposure
of Nonmetallic Materials (Discontinved 2001) (With-
aval from American National Standards Instat (ANSI), 25 W. 42d St,
“ay Floor, New Yerk, NY 10036, bp/Newneas or Avalble fom Areread
‘Naonal Standards Inetate (ANSI), 25 W. 4rd St, th Foor, New Yor, NY
1086.
* Avallabl from SAE Intemational (SAE), 400 Commonweain Dr, Warrendale,
PA 150960001, hupiiwww sae,
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4:3 Comparison of results obtamed Irom specimens exposed
in the same model of apparatus should not be made unless
reproducibility has been established among devices for the
material 10 be tested,
4.4 Comparison of results obtained from specimens exposed
in different models of apparatus should noi be made unless
correlation has been established among devices for the material
to be tested.
cance and Use
5. Signi
5.1 The use of this apparatus is intended to induce property
‘changes associated with the end use conditions, including, the
effects of sunlight, moisture, and heat. These exposures may
inctnde a means ta inirodnce moistare 19 the test specimen.
Exposures are not intended to simulate the deterioration caused
by localized weather phenomena, such as atmospheric
pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure.
Alternatively, the exposure may simulate the effects of sunlight
through window glass. Typically, these exposures would in-
clude moisture in the form of humidity.
[Nore 2—Caution: Refer to Practice G15] for full cautionary guidance
applicable to all laboratory weathering devices,
5.2 Variation in results may be expected when operating.
conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this practice.
Therefore, no reference shall be made to results from the use of
this practice unless accompanied by a report detailing the
specific operating conditions in conformance with the Report
Section.
5.2.1 It is recommended that a similar material of known
performance (a control) be exposed simultaneously with the
test specimen to provide a standard for comparative purposes.
It is best practice to use control materials known to have
relatively poor and good durability. It is recommended that at
least three replicates of each material evaluated be exposed in
‘each test to allow for statistical evaluation of results
6. Apparatus
6.1 Laboratory Light Source—The light source shall be one
(or more quartz jacketed xenon arc lamps which emit radiation
from below 270 nm in the ultraviolet through the visible
spectrum and into the infrared. In order for xenon arcs to
simulate terrestrial daylight, filters must be used to remove
short wavelength UV radiation, Filters to reduce irradiance at
wavelengths shorter than 310 nm must be used to simulate
daylight filtered through window glass. In addition, filters to
remove infrared radiation may be used to prevent unrealistic
heating of test specimens that can cause thermal degradation
not experienced during outdoor exposures.
6.1.1 The following factors can affect the spectral power
distribution of filtered xenon are light sources as used in these
apparatus:
6.1.1.1 Differences in the composition and thickness of
filters can have large effects on the amount of short wavelength
‘UV radiation transmitted.
6.1.1.2 Aging of filters can result in changes in filter
transmission. The aging properties of filters can be influenced
‘Book Supply Burns) pcson to Livase Agreement No further reproductions authorizedAly cis - 13
‘TABLE 1 Relative Uitraviolet Spectral Power Distribution
Specification for Xenon Arc with Daylight Filters*2
TABLE 2 Relative Ultraviolet Spectral Power Distribution
Specification for Xenon-Are with Window Glass Filters?
‘SpecalBanipacs Trina Benchmark Solr Wamu ‘now Gass Feed
Miavlongth ina scan Radiation Percen™<" Percents SOCAL Bandpass Minin ine Rasanon Maxum
favelongh 2 Pe Pe Wavelength hin —Percente) Slat Fact Percent?
200 Ors eon
2002 k= 200 26 sa 73 1300 oa
B0<1= 360 23 400 «00 sosa=a0 or 28
n= 400 sez bee oe 320 «2s 960 28 255
38022 5 400 es 63 764
pata i Table tafe the Wadance the given bandpass ered oy &
percentage ofthe ft iraience tom 290 fo 400 nm The mandecer
Fesponeble fr determing conformance to Tati I. Annex At staas Now 12
Getermine lave sentra eradianee,
"The date In Table tare based onthe rectangular lagraton of 112 spect
power dsreuons for
‘vous lee and ages
xenon tumers wit the aging recommen
‘imam andrasimum ia eat asthe hee ga is fom te mea for
measurements
then manu on wiley st 0 bene
tho minmum ard maximum fort da sod. For any il
‘pect pover etinan, he cate perertge te Bendbases Tae
1 wil sum to 100%. Fer any invdualaenonsamp wih day ers, the
talblsled percentage in each bandpass must fe wit Ihe mienam end
rxarum fmol Table 1 Tost reste can be expacted to der bowecn
‘xposures using xenon are devises in whieh he special power d¥vtons der
by'as mach ab that alowed bythe toerances, Conc! the manulacturr of he
enone devas for spocte special power cstibon da fo the wsnon ae
ne ers used
The benchmark solar rdiation data is dofned in ASTI GATT and is for
amos conions en alstuse chagen to maximize the tacon of srt
Wavelonge sla UV Ths cate proved for comparzon purpaees on.
Previous verens of is standard used soar dation dt om Tab 4 of CE
Pubicaton Nunber 85. See Append. XA for mare iermalion compen the
‘oir ada data uses in bs Sanda wth that fr Cie 8 Tae
"For the bencark solr specu the UV iradance (29010400 nin is 98%
ani he vise iralance (00% 800) 902% expressed asa percentage ot
‘he foal asiane om 200 to 600 tm. The percontages of WV and visble
|radarces on saresos oxposed in xenon are vis may vary de toh numa
‘2d rotectanoe properties of specimens beng exposed
by the composition. Aging of filters can result in a significant
reduction in the short wavelength UV emission of a xenon
‘burner.
6.1.1.3 Accumulation of deposits or other residue on filters
can effect filter transmission,
6.1.14 Aging of the xenon bummer itself can result in
changes in lamp output. Changes in lamp output may also be
caused by accumulation of dirt or other residue in or on the
bumer envelope.
6.1.2 Follow the device manufacturer's instructions for
recommended maintenance.
6.1.3 Spectral Irradiance of Xenon Are with Daylight
Filters~Filters are used to filter xenon arc lamp emissions in
a simulation of terrestrial sunlight. The spectral power distri-
‘bution of xenon ares with new or pre-aged filters™* shall
comply with the requirements specified in Table 1
6.14 Spectral Irradiance of Xenon Arc With Window Glass
Filters—Filters are used to filter xenon arc lamp emissions in
7 Keto, W, Shogland Fischer, R, “Effet of Fer nd Burr Aging on the
Spectral Powe’ Distrbion of Xenon Ase Lamps.” Darabiliy Tang of Non
‘Metalic Materials, ASTM STP 1204, Robes Heting, Edt, ASTM, Pune,
1995,
* Seale, ND, Gites, P, Kinmoath, and Hit, RC.“ Usavolt Spec
iseibuiens and Aging haracteisien of Kenan Arcs and Fer." Ap Opis,
NOL Na 81964, p. 923-927,
‘Copyright by ASTI Int (al rights reserved; Fe Aug 9002855 EDT 2013
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3
‘Dain i Table 2 are the Wradance i te gen bandpass engrossed ar &
percentage of te fal Pradance fom SOD fo 400 nm, The manulalue i
Fesponsil fr determining eanlomares To Table 2, Ane RY as how 10
{etomine relative spec trance.
| The catan Table 2 are basedon te rectangular eralon of 36 spectral power