Nurasyura Jasmine Binti Mohd Nasir D1IM2452A 2019219442

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT 1: REFLECTIVE PAPER

The success of an organization's goals depends on the effectiveness of the

organization's management. Management is a set of activities directed at an organization’s
resources (human, financial, physical and information) with the aim of achieving
organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner. The simple definition of
organization is a group of individuals who work together toward common goals. We need an
organization to accomplish objectives preserve knowledge, serve society and provide careers.
Efficient and effective management begins with the management process, planning
(determining courses of action), organizing (coordinating activities and resources), leadership
(motivating and managing people) and controlling (monitoring and evaluating people).

Planning is the first basic managerial process of setting the goals you want to achieve
and the steps you need to take to achieve the goals. Effective planning can lead to
organization success. Ineffective planning or poor implementation of plans can have
significant negative consequences for an organization. Planning can be initiated at the highest
level of the organization or at the lower level of an organization. Planning occurs at both the
strategic and operational levels. Strategic planning is broad-based and long term oriented. It
focuses on developing strategic initiatives that will take the organization from where it is to
where it wants to be in terms of the markets, customers, products and services.

Organization refers to the process of organizing, distributing and coordinating

resources to achieve goals efficiently and effectively. To fulfil its mission and achieve its
goals, employees must complete many task and activities. These activities must be organized
and coordinate to ensure the organization’s effectiveness and efficiency. The importance of
organizing is to efficiently distribute resources, coordinate between divisions, assign tasks,
establish command chains and form organizational structures. Organizing are made up of a
series of elements. The most common of these involve designing jobs, grouping jobs,
distributing authority, coordinating activities and differentiating between positions.

Decision making are an integral part of all managerial activities, but they are perhaps
most central to the planning process. Decision will be made by a manager within the
organization. Decisions made on problem solving and seizing opportunities. Decisions do not
necessarily result in total success but rather depend on the situation of decision making,
namely situations of certainty, risk, uncertainty and ambiguity. The main factor of accuracy

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in decision making depends on several important factors of information availability, decision-

making efficiency and situation factors. The decision-making process helps build order, so
that the decisions made are better.

Motivation is the set of forces that cause people to behave in certain ways. Motivation
is an important consideration of managers because it along with ability and performance
factors and determines individual performances. Content perspectives on motivation are
concerned with what factor or factors cause motivation. Popular content theories include
Maslow’s need hierarchy and Herzberg’s two factor theory. Other important needs are the
needs for achievement, affiliation and power. Process perspectives on motivation deal with
how motivation occurs.

Leadership is a process in which managers strive to influence the individual behaviour

of employees so that they can perform the tasks assigned efficiently and effectively to
achieve organizational goals. As a property, leadership is a set of characteristic attributed to
those who are perceived to be leaders. Leadership and management are often related bur are
also different. The importance of leadership is to influence employees, help leaders manage
effectively and have the authority to direct. The most commonly used basic leadership styles
are autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire and contingent leadership styles. Applicable theories
of Maslow needs hierarchy theory, two-factor theory of Herzberg motivation theory, x and y
theory of McGregor theory and achievement-theory theory of McClelland motivation theory.

Control is a process of evaluating organizational performance and making

adjustments to ensure that organizational activities are carried out in accordance with
established plans. The importance of control is to enable all planned activities to be properly
implemented, to avoid any deviations, to identify sources of error and to take corrective
action and to obtain feedback. Control provides way to adapt to environmental change, to
limit the accumulation of errors, to cope with organizational complexity and to minimize
cost. Control can focus on financial, physical, information, and human resources and includes
operations, financial structural and strategic levels. Control is the function of managers, the
controller and increasingly of operating employees.

Communication is the process of transmitting information from one person to another.

Effective communication is the process of sending a message in such a way that the message
received is as close in meaning as possible to the message intended. The communication
process consists of a sender encoding meaning and transmitting it to one or more receivers,

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who receive the message and decode it into meaning. In two-way communication the process
continues with the roles reversed. Noise can disrupt any part of the overall process. The types
of communication involve a complex process that require constant attention. Reading,
listening, managing and interpreting information, writing, speech making and using symbolic
gesture are the ability to be effective a broad array of activities.

From a producer perspective quality can be defined as the degree to which the product
or service conforms to design specification. From a customer perspective it can be defined as
the degree to which product or services meets the expectations of the customers. Quality is a
major concern to managers. Quality is important because it affects competition, productivity
and costs. Total quality management is a comprehensive, organization-wide effort to enhance
quality through a variety of avenues. There are two factor for assessing quality such as
product factors and services factor.

Management from Islamic perspective can be defined as the ability to utilize

resources both material and human optimally in order to achieve goals in planning,
organizing, leading and controlling the management in short term and long term. It can be
emerging discipline, often referred to as Islamic management, looks at the management of
organizations from the perspective of the knowledge from the revealed sources and other
Islamic sources of knowledge and result in applications compatible with the Islamic beliefs
and practices.

Conclusion, management is a vitalizing factors that energise, directs and controls the
organizational activities to reach its desired goals. It also important to people especially a
leader because they manage property and look ahead before do something in the future
because it can make people to lead a meaningful live. Management also is instrumental for
greater productivity and hold the key to success in handle the organization and whatever
people do. So leader should have a good management to archive what they need.