energy in Btu/lb, for a similar Carnot Cycle which
Evaluate
DIRECTION: KINDLY SOLVE THE FOLLOWING
AND PUT YOUR SOLUTIONS AND ANSWER IN
ANOTHER SHEET OF BOND PAPER. KINDLY WRITE
ALSO THE QUESTIONS.
1. One kilogram of a perfect gas is used as a working
substance in a Carnot power cycle. At the beginning
of isentropic compression, the temperature is 326K
and the absolute pressure is 359 Kpa. The absolute
pressure at the end of the isentropic compression is
1373 Kpa. For this cycle , the isothermal expansion
ratio (𝑉3 /𝑉2) is 2.0 . Calculate the following:
A. The pressures, temperatures, and specific
volumes at each end process termination point.
B. The heat supplied, kJ/kg
C. The heat rejected, kJ/kg
D. The net work by the T-S and P-V area methods.
2. Calculate the available energy in Btu/lb for a
Carnot Cycle with source temperature of 3460 deg.
R , a sink temperature 520 deg.R and an energy
supply heat of 100 Btu to one pound of a working
substance. Then calculate the reduction in available
all conditions remain the same as before except that
the working substance is limited to a maximum
temperature of 1960 deg.R .
ANSWERS:
A.E = 85 Btu/lb
U.A.E = 15 Btu/lb
A.E = 73.5 Btu/lb
U.A.E = 26.5 Btu/lb
Reduction in A.E. = 11.5 Btu/lb
3. Two carnot engines operate in series such that the
heat rejected from one is the heat input to the other.
The heat transfer from the high-temperature
reservoir is 500 kJ. If the overall temperature limits
are 1000K and 400K and both engines produce
equal work, determine the intermediate temperature
between the two engines.
4. At the beginning of the compression stroke an
Ideal Otto cycle has an air pressure of 15 psia, a
temperature of 75 deg.F , and a specific volume of
13.2 cubic feet per pound. At the end of the
compression the specific volume is 1.76 cubic feet
per pound. The heat supplied to the cycle is 352
Btu/lb. Calculate the following:
A. The compression ratio
B. The highest temperature and pressure of the cycle
C. The temperature and the pressure at the end of
the expansion of the air.
D. The heat rejected
E. The net work of the cycle
F. The thermal efficiency of the cycle
G. The horsepower developed by an ideal engine
operating on this cycle using 0.50 pound of air per
second.
5. An ideal Otto cycle operates with a temperature of
370 deg.C at the end of the compression process, a
maximum temperature of 1510 deg.C and a
minimum temperature of 20 deg.C . What is the
temperature at the beginning of the heat rejection
process in degree Celcius?
6. In an ideal Otto cycle the heat supplied is 920
kJ/kg and the highest temperature in the cycle is
1600 deg.C . Calculate the temperature at the end of
the isentropic compression process?
7. In an ideal Otto cycle the heat supplied is 920
kJ/kg and the highest temperature in the cycle is
1600 deg.C . Calculate the change in entropy of a
process.
8. In an ideal Otto cycle, the temperature at the end
of the heat addition process is 2600 deg F, and the
temperature at the end of the expansion process is
883 deg F. What is the compression ratio?
9. At the beginning of compression an ideal Diesel
cycle using air has a pressure of 15 psia, a
temperature of 75 deg.F and a specific volume of
13.2 cubic feet per pound. For a compression ratio
of 15 and a heat addition of 352 Btu/lb, calculate
the following:
A. The temperature and pressures at the end of
compression, at the end of heat addition and the end
of expansion
ANSWERS
𝑃2 = 664.7 psia, 𝑇2 = 1580R, 𝑃3 = 𝑃2 = 664.7 psia
𝑇3 = 3047R, 𝑇1 = 1341R, 𝑃4 = 37.6 psia
B. The heat rejected
C. The net work
D. The thermal efficiency
E. The horsepower developed by an ideal engine
operating on the cycle and using 0.50 lb/s.
F. The thermal efficiency of a cycle having the same
initial conditions and compression ratio, but with
constant pressure heat addition of 500 Btu/lb.
10. What is the final temperature after compression
of a Diesel Cycle if the initial temperature is 32 deg.C
and the clearance is 8%?
11. In an ideal Diesel cycle the change of entropy for
the heat rejection process is 0.1662 Btu/lb . The
temperature and pressure at the beginning of the
isentropic compression are 75 deg.F and 15psia,
respectively. Pressure at the end of the isentropic
compression process is 555 psia. Determine the
temperature at the beginning of the heat addition
process in deg.F.
12. In an ideal Diesel cycle the change of entropy for
the heat rejection process is 0.1662 Btu/lb . The
temperature and pressure at the beginning of the
isentropic compression are 75 deg.F and 15psia,
respectively. Pressure at the end of the isentropic
compression process is 555 psia. Determine the
highest temperature in the cycle.
13. An air standard Diesel cycle has a compression
ratio of 18. At the beginning of the compression
process, air is at 100 kpa and 15 deg C. If the mean
effective pressure is 1362 kpa and the heat of
combustion is 1800 kJ/kg, find the thermal
efficiency.
14. At the beginning of compression and ideal dual
combustion cycle using air has a pressure of 15 psia,
a temperature of 75 deg F and a specific volume of
13.2 cubic feet per pound. For a compression ratio
of 12 and a heat addition of 176 Btu/lb at constant
volume and 176 Btu/lb at constant pressure,
calculate the following:
A. The pressure and temperature oat the end of
isentropic compression
𝑃2 & 𝑇2
B. The pressure and temperatures at the end of each
heat addition process
𝑇3 , 𝑃3 , 𝑇4
C. The temperature at the beginning of heat rejection
𝑉4 & 𝑇5
D. The heat rejected
E. The net work
F. The thermal efficiency
G. The horsepower developed by an ideal engine
operating on the cycle using 0.50 lb/sec of air.

15. A stirling cycle operating with air as working

substance has a pressure of 80 psia, a temperature
of 250 deg F , and a specific volume of 3.28 cubic
feet per pound at the beginning and end of the
isothermal heat rejection process. The ratio of
volumes at the beginning and end of isothermal heat
rejection is 2. The highest temperature involved in
the cycle is 1200 deg F.
Calculate:
A. The heat supplied; Btu/lb
B. The heat rejected, Btu/lb
C. The thermal efficiency