7/8

TLE CSS
Module 7:
Testing Electronic
Components (Part 1)
TLE Computer System Servicing – Grade 7/8
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Module 7: Testing Electronic Components [Part 1]
First Edition, 2020

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Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jose Joel B. Moso
Editors: Latreia E. Estabillo, Dawn Hope Almuena, Mary Joy Velasco
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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by- step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-test are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module, or if you need
to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also
provided to the facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests.
Read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

Defective electronic components hamper the operation of your electronic device.

Aside from damaging your electronic device, it may cause injury in a worst scenario.
In this module, you will learn how to test electronic components to determine if it
needs to be repaired or replaced. It covers common competencies for you to possess.

These competencies are;

LO 1. Determine criteria for testing electronic components [TLE_IACSS9-12TEC-IVa-
c-24],
LO 2. Plan an approach for components testing [TLE_IACSS9-12TEC-IVc-e-25]

Objectives
After going through this module, you are expected to do the following;
1. Obtain and clarify work instructions based on job order or client
requirements
2. Consult responsible person for effective and proper work coordination
3. Obtain and interpret data sheets/application notes based on
manufacturer’s specifications
4. Define testing criteria to ensure that components meet technical and
quality requirements
5. Identify various testing methods based on types of electronic components
6. Prepare and check required test and measuring instruments and tools in
accordance with established procedures
7. Establish record system to document testing results, including problems
and faults

Before going through, let us define first the following terms;

Multi-tester a measuring instrument with multiple functions; an ohmmeter,

voltmeter, and ammeter

Troubleshooting the process of locating and diagnosing malfunctions or breakdown

in equipment by means of systematic checking or analysis.

Fault a problem or bad part that prevents something (e.g. circuit) from functioning
well as it is expected

Open a defect that occur in a component where there is no continuous flow of electric
current
Shorted a defect developed in component where there is an excessive flow of electric
current

Analog relating to a device or process in which data is represented by physical

quantities that change continuously

Digital relating to information that is stored in the form of the number 0 and 1 or
called binary numbers

What I Know

Pre-test

Test I: Matching Type

Match the components in column A with its schematic symbol in column B
Column A Column B
Actual Component Component Symbol

A.
1.

2. B.

C.
3.

D.
4.
 E.
5.

6. F.

7. G.

H.

8.

I.
9.

J.
10.
Test II: Multiple Choice
Write only the letter that correspond to your answer

11. Which of the following component does not belong to the group?
a. Resistor c. Transistor
b. Capacitor d. inductor

12. Resistor : Ohms ; Capacitor : _________

a. watts c. volts
b. farad d. ampere

13. In testing, to acquire an accurate result, the component tested must be

a. mounted on the circuit board c. taken out from the circuit board
b. mounted on the board and energized d. all of the above

14. This is a troubleshooting step where a technician must collect as much

information about the system, the circuit, and the components used.
a. component testing c. diagnosing
b. repairing d. isolating defective component

15. Good troubleshooting is

a. a matter of luck c. begun by measuring all voltages
b. a logical and orderly procedure d. always done with the power off

Lesson
Testing Electronics
6 Components [Part 1]
Each device has its own purpose, it helps a lot to finish our task in a shorter
time and make our life easier. Often, we use it and in some instances it fails to
function. A defective device affects our work and sometimes it can cause injury.
In order to bring back the usability of the device it needs to be tested to determine
the problem in order to fix it. In this module, learners will learn how to test
electronic components, familiarize the tools needed to test the components as well
as the safety in conducting the test.
 What’s In

In your previous lessons, you were taught how to terminate and connect
electronics circuit. Due to frequent use of our devices, it is not avoidable that
something not good will happen to some components or parts of our device. As part
of testing of functionality of a device/equipment, we will review first the different
component symbols used in schematic diagrams.

Common Components and their Schematic Symbols

Name/Description Actual Component Schematic Symbol

(a)
Resistor
Fixed resistors (a) carbon
composition resistor (b)
wirewound resistor
b)

Non Polarized Capacitor

Common types are Mylar

and Ceramic

Electrolytic Capacitor
It is polarized type of
capacitor

Rectifier Diode

Used primarily in
converting AC to DC
Light Emitting Diode

Emits light when current

flow through it

Transformer

Usually these is a step

down Power transformer

Inductor
A coil of wire

NPN Transistor

The three leads are: base,

emitter and collector

PNP Transistor

Integrated Circuit (IC)

Composed of resistors,
diodes and transistors in
a package

Speaker
An audio output device

Relay Switch
Electrically controlled
switch
 Notes to the Teacher
• Guide the learners in using the tools and materials to
attain the correct output of testing.
• Apply OHS procedure when performing the actual
testing

What’s New

An effective electronics technician or troubleshooter must have a thorough

knowledge of electronics, test equipment, troubleshooting techniques, and
equipment repair. Analog and digital circuits occasionally fail, and in most cases a
technician is required to quickly locate the problem within the system and then make
the repair. The procedure for fixing a failure can be broken down into three basic
steps.

Step 1: DIAGNOSE
The first step is to determine whether a problem really exists. To carry out this step,
a technician must collect as much information about the system, the circuit, and the
components used, and then diagnose the problem.

Step 2: ISOLATE
The second step is to apply a logical and sequential reasoning process to isolate the
problem. In this step, a technician will operate, observe, test, and apply
troubleshooting techniques in order to isolate the malfunction.

Step 3: REPAIR
The third and final step is to make the actual repair and final test the circuit.
To troubleshoot, you will need a thorough knowledge of troubleshooting techniques,
a very good understanding of test equipment, documentation in the form of technical
and service manuals, and experience.

Basic Measuring and Test Equipment

A variety of test equipment is available to help you troubleshoot analog or digital

circuits and systems. Some are standard, such as the Multi-tester and oscilloscope,
which can be used for either analog or digital circuits. Other test instruments, such
as the logic clip, logic probe, logic pulser, and current tracer, have been designed
specifically to test digital logic circuits.

The Analog Multi-tester

The analog Multi-tester, also known as a VOM (volt-

ohm-milliammeter), is an electronic measuring
instrument that combines several measurement
functions in one unit. A typical multimeter can
measure voltage, current, and resistance.

The Digital Multimeter

A digital multimeter is a test tool used to measure

two or more electrical values—principally voltage
(volts), current (amps) and resistance (ohms). It is
a standard diagnostic tool for technicians in the
electrical/electronic industries.
Oscilloscope

Oscilloscopes, or scopes are an important tool of

an electronics engineer or tester. An oscilloscope
is an item of electronics test equipment that
enables waveforms to be seen and in this way
makes it very much easier to see any problems
occurring in an electronics circuit.

Component Substitution

In many cases it is possible to replace a failed component with an exact

replacement. The use of "exact" is often critical. Unfortunately, there are times
when an exact replacement is unavailable. This is particularly true if the
equipment is old or imported. In such cases you may have no choice but to
substitute with a close rather than exact replacement. This is permissible in many
cases, provided that several important factors are kept in mind.

This should be equal to or greater than that of the original component. In the case
of test and measuring instruments, capacitors should not only be close-tolerance
types but should also be high-stability components. As with resistors, if the
capacitors used here change with age or temperature, the instrument will become
unreliable.

a. Transformer
Replacement should have the same turns ratio, voltage/current ratio and rating as
the original component. The power rating (VA) and frequency range are also
important.

b. Transistor
Transistor substitution is fairly common, particularly with lower cost equipment. In
some cases you may have a choice between a numbers of different transistors. At
other times the replacement must be exact.

c. Resistors
Be sure that the replacement component has the same power rating and resistance
value. Its tolerance must be at least as good, and can be better.

d. Capacitors
Ensure that the replacement component has the same capacitance value as that of
the original, and that its tolerance is the same or better. The working voltage rating
must also be the same or better (greater).
e. Other Components
The same considerations apply to other types of components (diodes, fuses,
speakers, etc.). In every case, it is necessary to proceed with caution, and to be
sure that the replacement is correctly rated.

Datasheet

A datasheet, data-sheet, or specification sheet is a document that summarizes the

performance and other characteristics of a product, machine, component (e.g.,
an electronic component), material, subsystem (e.g., a power supply), or software in
sufficient detail that allows a buyer to understand what the product is and a design
engineer to understand the role of the component in the overall system. In
component substitution, it’s safer and reliable to consult the specifications of certain
component.

Sample datasheet

https://intranet.ctism.ufsm.br/gsec/Datasheets/IRF740.PDF
 What is It

Activity 1
Answer the following in your test notebook.

A. Explain how to use a Multi-tester in troubleshooting and testing works.

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

B. Based on the sample datasheet, what is the name of the component shown?

________________________

C. Cite at least three specifications or characteristics of this component.

________________________________
________________________________
________________________________

D. Draw the schematic symbol of the component shown in the datasheet.

 What’s More

Activity 2
Identify the different electronic components found in the picture.

Figure 2: https://www.uchobby.com/index.php/2007/0 1
 What I Have Learned

Activity 3
Write/Draw your answer in your test notebook

1. Explain the three basic steps in troubleshooting and repair of electronic circuits.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. Based on the circuit board in figure 2, draw the schematic symbols of the
numbered components.

__________________________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Activity 4
What are the factors to consider in substituting the following components?
1. Resistor
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. Capacitor
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. Diode
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
 4. Transformer
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

5. Transistor
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Assessment
Post test
Matching type:
Match the different components in column A with their schematic symbol in column
B. write only the letter that correspond to your answer.

Column A Column B
Actual Component Component Symbol

A.
1.

2. B.

C.
3.
 D.
4.

E.
5.

6. F.

7. G.

H.

8.

I.
9.

J.
10.
Test II: Multiple Choice
Write only the letter that correspond to your answer

11. Good troubleshooting is

a. a matter of luck c. begun by measuring all voltages
b. logical and orderly procedure d. always done with the power off

12. Which of the following component does not belong to the group?
a. Resistor c. Transistor
b. Capacitor d. inductor

13. Resistor : Ohms ; Capacitor : _________

a. watts c. volts
b. farad d. ampere

14. This is a troubleshooting step where a technician must collect as much

information about the system, the circuit, and the components used.
a. component testing c. diagnosing
b. repairing d. isolating defective component

15. In testing, to acquire an accurate result, the component tested must be

a. mounted on the circuit board c. taken out from the circuit board
b. mounted on the board and energized d. all of the above

Additional Activities

Activity 5

Find any defective electrical or electronic appliance in your home (e.g. computer,
radio, TV, cassette, karaoke, rice cooker, etc.). Identify what appliance you have.
Open it and try to inspect the internal parts of this. Enumerate and describe the
components you found inside.
Explain how this appliance function before it was damage.
In your own opinion what was the cause of the damage of this appliance?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
 Answer Key

15.B 15.C
14.C 14.C
13.C 13.B
12.B 12.C
11.C 10.resistor 11.B
10.H oscillator 10.H
9. E 9. crystal 9. E
8. F 8. capacitor 8. F
7. C 7. IC 7. C
6. G 6. inductor 6. G
5. J 5. relay switch 5. J
4. A 4. transformer 4. A
3. B 3. transistor 3. B
2. I 2. speaker 2. I
1. D 1. diode 1. D

Pre-test Activity 2 Post Test

References
Nigel P. Cook Electronics a Complete Course 2nd Ed.

Marcelo T. Enriquez Electronics Technology IV

https://www.dreamstime.com/close up electronic circuit board isolated
- - - - - -

white background close up electronic circuit board isolated white

- - - - - - - - -

image172996845
https://www.dreamstime.com/close up electronic components desktop
- - - - -

computer-motherboard-close-up-electronic-components-desktop-computer-
image172994526

https://intranet.ctism.ufsm.br/gsec/Datasheets/IRF740.PDF
 DISCLAIMER
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN
with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal.
Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all
learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The
process of LR development was observed in the production of this module.
This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and
recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph