Exponential Function

Lesson 1
Exponential Functions
Learn about It!
Exponential Function
1 a function in the form 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑎 𝑥 where 𝑎 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1, 𝑘 ≠ 0, and 𝑥 is any real
number
Example:
1 𝑥
𝑓 = 2𝑥 , 𝑔 𝑥 = 3−𝑥 ,and ℎ(𝑥) = 4
are examples of
1
exponential functions with bases of 2, 3, and respectively. 4
Learn about It!
Exponential Growth
2 an exponential function of the form 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑎 𝑥 where 𝑎 > 1 and 𝑘 > 0; the value
of 𝑓(𝑥) increases without bound
Example:
𝑓(𝑥) = 3(2)𝑥 and 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 are exponential functions

which show an exponential growth given certain values of
𝑥.
Learn about It!
Exponential Decay
3 an exponential function of the form 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑎 𝑥 where 0 < 𝑎 < 1 and 𝑘 > 0; the
value of 𝑓(𝑥) decreases
Example:
1 𝑥
𝑦=3 2
and 𝑓 𝑥 = 3−𝑥 are exponential functions which
show an exponential decay given certain values of 𝑥.
Learn about It!
Half-life
4 the time it takes for half of a radioactive substance to decay
Example:
The half-life of carbon-14 is 5 730 years. It implies that it
needs 5 730 years for carbon-14 to decay to half of its
quantity.
Learn about It!
Compound Interest
5 refers to the sum of interests of prior periods computed on the original or
principal amount and each of the successive periods on both the principal and the
interest
Example:
Suppose that an amount of ₱100 000 was offered a 2%
interest annually. The amount per year is given below:
• After the first year, ₱100 000 will become
100 000 1.02 = 102 000
Learn about It!
Compound Interest
interest
Example:
• After the second year, ₱102 000 will become
102 000 1.02 = 104 040, and so on.
Try It!
Example 1: Which of the following exponential functions

exhibit exponential decay?
1 𝑥 5 𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 = ℎ 𝑥 = 2−𝑥 𝑝 𝑥 =
3 2
Try It!

1 𝑥 5 𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 = ℎ 𝑥 = 2−𝑥 𝑝 𝑥 =
3 2
Solution:
Check the base of a function to determine if it exhibits an
exponential decay. The base of an exponential decay ranges
from 0 to 1 (𝟎 < 𝒂 < 𝟏) and 𝒌 > 𝟎.
1. The function 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 is an exponential growth since

𝑎 = 3, which is greater than 1.
Try It!

1 𝑥 5 𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 = ℎ 𝑥 = 2−𝑥 𝑝 𝑥 =
3 2
Solution:
1 𝑥
2. The function 𝑔 𝑥 = 3
is an exponential decay since the
1 1
base is between 0 and 1, or 0 < < 1.
3 3
Try It!

1 𝑥 5 𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 = ℎ 𝑥 = 2−𝑥 𝑝 𝑥 =
3 2
Solution:
1 𝑥
3. The function ℎ 𝑥 = 2−𝑥 can be written as ℎ 𝑥 = 2
. It is an
1
exponential decay since the base is 𝑎 = , which is between
2
0 and 1.
Try It!

1 𝑥 5 𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 = ℎ 𝑥 = 2−𝑥 𝑝 𝑥 =
3 2
Solution:
5 𝑥
4. The function 𝑝 𝑥 = 2
is an exponential growth since
5
the base is 𝑎 = , which is greater than 1.
2
Try It!

1 𝑥 5 𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 = ℎ 𝑥 = 2−𝑥 𝑝 𝑥 =
3 2
Solution:
𝟏 𝒙
Therefore, 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝟑
and 𝒉 𝒙 = 𝟐−𝒙 are the exponential
functions that exhibit exponential decays.
Lesson 2
Representing
through Tables,
Graphs, and Equations
Learn about It!
1 a function in the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘𝑎 𝑥 where 𝑎 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1, 𝑘 ≠ 0, and 𝑥 is any real
number; an exponential function can be represented by an equation, a table of
values, and a graph
Example:
Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 as the equation of the exponential
function, the table of values and graph that represent the
function is given on the next slide.
Learn about It!
1 a function in the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘𝑎 𝑥 where 𝑎 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1, 𝑘 ≠ 0, and 𝑥 is any real
number; an exponential function can be represented by an equation, a table of
values, and a graph
𝒙 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙
−2 1
4
−1 1
2
0 1
1 2
2 4
Try It!
Example 1: Construct the table of values of the exponential

1 𝑥
function 𝑓(𝑥) = in the domain 𝑥 = {−2, −1, 0, 1, 2}.
3
Try It!

1 𝑥
3
Solution:
1 𝑥
To construct the table of values of 𝑓 𝑥 = , solve for 𝒚 using
3
the corresponding values of 𝑥.
Try It!

1 𝑥
3
Solution:
Substitute 𝑥 = −2.
−2
1
𝑓 −2 =
3
= 32
=𝟗
Try It!

1 𝑥
3
Solution:
Substitute 𝑥 = −1.
−1
1
𝑓 −1 =
3
= 31
=𝟑
Try It!

1 𝑥
3
Solution:
Substitute 𝑥 = 0.
0
1
𝑓 0 =
3
=𝟏
Try It!

1 𝑥
3
Solution:
1
1
𝑓 1 =
3
𝟏
=
𝟑
Try It!

1 𝑥
3
Solution:
2
1
𝑓 2 =
3
𝟏
=
𝟗
Try It!

1 𝑥
3
Solution: 𝒙 𝒇 𝒙
Construct the table of values for −2 9
1 𝑥
𝑓 𝑥 = 3
using the values of 𝑥 and −1 3
their corresponding values of 𝑓(𝑥).
0 1
The table of values is shown on the
right. 1 1
3
2 1
9
Lesson 3
Intercepts and
Asymptotes of
Learn about It!
Properties of Exponential Functions of the Form

1
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒌𝒂𝒙
a) It has no zeros or 𝑥-intercepts.
b) Its 𝑦-intercept is (0, 𝑘).
c) It has no vertical asymptotes.
d) Its horizontal asymptote is the 𝑥-axis.
Learn about It!
Vertical shift
2 occurs when a constant is added to a given exponential function, causing its
entire graph to move upward or downward on the Cartesian plane
In general, the graph of the function 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑐 is equivalent to the graph of

𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑎 𝑥 shifted 𝑐 units upward if 𝑐 > 0, or shifted 𝑐 units downward if 𝑐 < 0.
Example:
The graph of the function 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐 is equivalent to the

graph of 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙 shifted 2 units upward because 𝒄 > 𝟎.
Learn about It!

3
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒌𝒂𝒙 + 𝒄
a) If 𝑘 and 𝑐 have opposite signs, then 𝑓(𝑥) has an 𝑥-intercept.
b) The 𝑦-intercept of 𝑓(𝑥) is (0, 𝑘 + 𝑐).
c) The function has no vertical asymptotes.
d) The horizontal asymptote of 𝑓 𝑥 is 𝑦 = 𝑐.
Learn about It!
Horizontal shift
4 occurs when a constant is added to the exponent of a given exponential function,
causing its entire graph to move to the left or to the right
Generally, the exponential function 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑎 𝑥−𝑏 moves |𝑏| units to the left if
𝑏 < 0, or 𝑏 units to the right if 𝑏 > 0.
Example:
The graph of the function 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙−𝟐 is equivalent to the

graph of 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙 shifted 2 units to the right because 𝒃 > 𝟎.
Learn about It!

5
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒌𝒂𝒙−𝒃 + 𝒄
a) It will have an 𝑥-intercept if 𝑘 and 𝑐 have opposite signs.
b) Its 𝑦-intercept is obtained by evaluating 𝑓(0).
c) It will experience both vertical and horizontal shifts from the graph of
𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑎 𝑥 :
• It is like the graph of 𝑔(𝑥) shifted 𝑐 units upward if 𝑐 > 0, or 𝑐 units
downward if 𝑐 < 0.
• It is like the graph of 𝑔(𝑥) shifted |𝑏| units to the left if 𝑏 < 0, or 𝑏 units to
the right if 𝑏 > 0.
d) It does not have a vertical asymptote.
e) Its horizontal asymptote is 𝑦 = 𝑐.
Try It!
Example 1: Identify the intercepts and asymptotes of the

1 𝑥
exponential function 𝑓 𝑥 = 3 .
3
Try It!

1 𝑥
3
Solution:
1. Since the function is in the form 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒌𝒂𝒙 , where 𝒌 = 𝟑 and

𝟏
𝒂 = 𝟑, we say that 𝑓 𝑥 has no 𝒙-intercepts or zeros.
Try It!

1 𝑥
3
Solution:
2. The 𝑦-intercept of a function in the form 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑎 𝑥 is (0, 𝑘).

1 𝑥
Thus, the 𝒚-intercept of 𝑓 𝑥 = 3 is (𝟎, 𝟑) since 𝒌 = 𝟑.
3
Try It!

1 𝑥
3
Solution:
1 𝑥
3. Since the function is in the form 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑎 , 𝑓 𝑥 = 3
𝑥
3
does
not have any vertical asymptotes. This is because its
domain is the set of real numbers.
Try It!

1 𝑥
3
Solution:
4. The function being in the form 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑎 𝑥 has the 𝒙-axis or

the line 𝒚 = 𝟎 as its horizontal asymptote.
Try It!

1 𝑥
3
Solution:
𝟏 𝒙
The graph of 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟑 𝟑
is:
Lesson 4
Graphs of Exponential
Functions
Learn about It!

1
a) If 𝑐 = 0, then the graph does not have any 𝑥-intercepts; but if 𝑐 is not zero and 𝑘 and 𝑐
have opposite signs, then the graph has an 𝑥-intercept.
b) To find the 𝑦-intercept, evaluate 𝑓(0).
c) It has no vertical asymptotes because the domain of exponential functions is the set of
real numbers.
d) Its horizontal asymptote is 𝑦 = 𝑐.
e) This function may be thought of as a result of a vertical shift or a horizontal shift or
both from the function 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑎 𝑥 .
• It is like the graph of 𝑔(𝑥) shifted 𝑐 units upward if 𝑐 > 0, or 𝑐 units downward if
𝑐 < 0.
• It is like the graph of 𝑔(𝑥) shifted |𝑏| units to the left if 𝑏 < 0, or 𝑏 units to the
right if 𝑏 > 0.
Learn about It!
Domain of an exponential function

2
The domain of an exponential function is always the set of real numbers. No
matter what number you substitute to 𝑥, you will always be able to evaluate the
function and yield a value. Thus, 𝑥 may assume the value of any real number.
Graphically, this means that the graph of an exponential function extends
infinitely to the left and right.
Example:
The domain of the exponential functions 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟗𝒙 , 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟗−𝒙 , and

𝟏 𝒙
𝒇 𝒙 = is the set of real numbers.
𝟗
Learn about It!
Range of an exponential function

3
a) If 𝑘 is positive, then the range is 𝑦 > 𝑐 because the points of the graph will
appear above the asymptote.
b) If 𝑘 is negative, then the range is 𝑦 < 𝑐 because the points of the graph will
appear below the asymptote.
Example:
𝟏 𝒙
The range of the exponential function 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟐 + 𝟑 is 𝒚 > 𝟑 since
𝟐
𝒌 > 𝟎. This means that all values of 𝑓(𝑥) are above the line 𝑦 = 3.
Try It!
Example 1: Find the intercepts, asymptotes, domain, and range

3 𝑥
of the function 𝑓 𝑥 = 5 . Graph the function.
4
Try It!

3 𝑥
4
Solution:
1. Identify the values of 𝑘, 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 to find the intercepts and

asymptotes easily.
3
𝑘 = 5, 𝑎 = , 𝑏 = 0, 𝑐 = 0
4
Try It!

3 𝑥
4
Solution:
2. We check the signs of 𝒌 and 𝒄.
Since they are not of opposite signs, the function has no 𝒙-

intercepts.
Try It!

3 𝑥
4
Solution:
3. The 𝒚-intercept is the point (0, 𝑘) or (𝟎, 𝟓) since 𝒄 = 𝟎.

Try It!

3 𝑥
4
Solution:
This may also be obtained by evaluating 𝒇(𝟎).

𝑥
3
𝑓 𝑥 =5
4
0
3
𝑓 0 =5
4
𝑓 0 = 5(1)
𝑓 0 =5
Try It!

3 𝑥
4
Solution:
4. Like all exponential functions, 𝑓(𝑥) has no vertical

asymptotes because the domain is the set of real numbers.
Try It!

3 𝑥
4
Solution:
5. The horizontal asymptote must be the line 𝑦 = 𝑐.
Since 𝒄 = 𝟎, the horizontal asymptote is the line 𝒚 = 𝟎 or the

𝒙-axis.
Try It!

3 𝑥
4
Solution:
6. Let us also determine the domain and range of 𝑓 𝑥 .
As mentioned, the domain is the set of real numbers.

Try It!

3 𝑥
4
Solution:
To find the range, we check the sign of 𝒌. Since 𝒌 > 𝟎, the range
of 𝑓 𝑥 is 𝒚 > 𝟎.
This means that all values of 𝑓(𝑥) are positive.

Try It!

3 𝑥
4
Solution:
7. Like in graphing other types of functions, a table of

values is extremely useful in graphing exponential
functions. This gives us insight on how the function
behaves as well as provides us points on the plane where
the graph of the function passes.
Try It!

3 𝑥
4
Solution:
𝒙 𝒇(𝒙)
−50 8828904.82
−10 88.79
−1 6.67
0 5
1 3.75
10 0.28
50 0.0000028
Try It!

3 𝑥
4
Solution:
𝟑 𝒙
The graph of 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟓 𝟒
is:
Try It!

3 𝑥
of the function 𝑓 𝑥 = −5 , then graph the function.
4
Try It!

3 𝑥
of the function 𝑓 𝑥 = −5 ,then graph the function.
4
Solution:
1. Identify the values of 𝑘, 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 to find the intercepts and

asymptotes easily.
3
𝑘 = −5, 𝑎 = , 𝑏 = 0, 𝑐 = 0
4
Try It!

3 𝑥
4
Solution:
2. We check the signs of 𝒌 and 𝒄.
Since they are not of opposite signs, the function has no 𝒙-

intercepts.
Try It!

3 𝑥
4
Solution:
3. The 𝒚-intercept is the point (0, 𝑘) or (𝟎, −𝟓) since 𝒄 = 𝟎.

Try It!

3 𝑥
4
Solution:
This may also be obtained by evaluating 𝒇(𝟎).

𝑥
3
𝑓 𝑥 = −5
4
0
3
𝑓 0 = −5
4
𝑓 0 = −5(1)
𝑓 0 = −5
Try It!

3 𝑥
4
Solution:
4. Like all exponential functions, 𝑓(𝑥) has no vertical

asymptotes because the domain is the set of real numbers.
Try It!

3 𝑥
4
Solution:
5. The horizontal asymptote must be the line 𝑦 = 𝑐.
Since 𝒄 = 𝟎, the horizontal asymptote is the line 𝒚 = 𝟎 or the

𝒙-axis.
Try It!

3 𝑥
4
Solution:
6. Let us also determine the domain and range of 𝑓 𝑥 .
As mentioned, the domain is the set of real numbers.

Try It!

3 𝑥
4
Solution:
To find the range, we check the sign of 𝒌. Since 𝒌 < 𝟎, the range
of 𝑓 𝑥 is 𝒚 < 𝟎.
This means that all values of 𝑓(𝑥) are negative.

Try It!

3 𝑥
4
Solution:
7. Like in graphing other types of functions, a table of

values is extremely useful in graphing exponential
functions. This gives us insight on how the function
behaves as well as provides us points on the plane where
the graph of the function passes.
Try It!

3 𝑥
4
Solution:
𝒙 𝒇(𝒙)
−50 −8828904.82
−10 −88.79
−1 −6.67
0 −5
1 −3.75
10 −0.28
50 −0.0000028
Try It!

3 𝑥
4
Solution:
𝟑 𝒙
The graph of 𝒇 𝒙 = −𝟓 𝟒
is:
Let’s Practice!
Individual Practice:
1. Find the intercepts, asymptotes, domain, and range of the

1 𝑥
function 𝑓 𝑥 = 4 . Graph the function.
3
2. Find the intercepts, asymptotes, domain, and range of the

1 𝑥
function 𝑓 𝑥 = −4 . Graph the function.
3
Key Points
1 a function in the form 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑎 𝑥 where 𝑎 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1, 𝑘 ≠ 0, and 𝑥 is any real
number
Exponential Growth
2 an exponential function of the form 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑎 𝑥 where 𝑎 > 1 and 𝑘 > 0; the value
of 𝑓(𝑥) increases without bound
Exponential Decay
3 an exponential function of the form 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑎 𝑥 where 0 < 𝑎 < 1 and 𝑘 > 0; the
value of 𝑓(𝑥) decreases
Key Points
Half-life
4 the time it takes for half of a radioactive substance to decay
Compound Interest
interest
Key Points

1
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒌𝒂𝒙
a) It has no zeros or 𝑥-intercepts.
b) Its 𝑦-intercept is (0, 𝑘).
c) It has no vertical asymptotes.
d) Its horizontal asymptote is the 𝑥-axis.
Vertical shift
2 occurs when a constant is added to a given exponential function, causing its
entire graph to move upward or downward on the Cartesian plane
In general, the graph of the function 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑐 is equivalent to the graph of

𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑎 𝑥 shifted 𝑐 units upward if 𝑐 > 0, or shifted 𝑐 units downward if 𝑐 < 0.
Key Points

3
𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒌𝒂𝒙 + 𝒄
a) If 𝑘 and 𝑐 have opposite signs, then 𝑓(𝑥) has an 𝑥-intercept.
b) The 𝑦-intercept of 𝑓(𝑥) is (0, 𝑘 + 𝑐).
c) The function has no vertical asymptotes.
d) The horizontal asymptote of 𝑓 𝑥 is 𝑦 = 𝑐.
Horizontal shift
4 occurs when a constant is added to the exponent of a given exponential function,
causing its entire graph to move to the left or to the right
Generally, the exponential function 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑎 𝑥−𝑏 moves |𝑏| units to the left if
𝑏 < 0, or 𝑏 units to the right if 𝑏 > 0.
Key Points

5
a) It will have an 𝑥-intercept if 𝑘 and 𝑐 have opposite signs.
b) Its 𝑦-intercept is obtained by evaluating 𝑓(0).
c) It will experience both vertical and horizontal shifts from the graph of
𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑎 𝑥 :
• It is like the graph of 𝑔(𝑥) shifted 𝑐 units upward if 𝑐 > 0, or 𝑐 units
downward if 𝑐 < 0.
• It is like the graph of 𝑔(𝑥) shifted |𝑏| units to the left if 𝑏 < 0, or 𝑏 units to
the right if 𝑏 > 0.
d) It does not have a vertical asymptote.
e) Its horizontal asymptote is 𝑦 = 𝑐.
Key Points

1
a) If 𝑐 = 0, then the graph does not have any 𝑥-intercepts; but if 𝑐 is not zero and 𝑘 and 𝑐
have opposite signs, then the graph has an 𝑥-intercept.
b) To find the 𝑦-intercept, evaluate 𝑓(0).
c) It has no vertical asymptotes because the domain of exponential functions is the set of
real numbers.
d) Its horizontal asymptote is 𝑦 = 𝑐.
e) This function may be thought of as a result of a vertical shift or a horizontal shift or
both from the function 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑎 𝑥 .
• It is like the graph of 𝑔(𝑥) shifted 𝑐 units upward if 𝑐 > 0, or 𝑐 units downward if
𝑐 < 0.
• It is like the graph of 𝑔(𝑥) shifted |𝑏| units to the left if 𝑏 < 0, or 𝑏 units to the
right if 𝑏 > 0.
Key Points
Domain of an exponential function

2
The domain of exponential function is always the set of real numbers. No matter
what number you substitute to 𝑥, you will always be able to evaluate the function
and yield a value. Thus, 𝑥 may assume the value of any real number. Graphically,
this means that the graph of an exponential function extends infinitely to the left
and right.
Range of an exponential function

3
a) If 𝑘 is positive, then the range is 𝑦 > 𝑐 because the points of the graph will
appear above the asymptote.
b) If 𝑘 is negative, then the range is 𝑦 < 𝑐 because the points of the graph will
appear below the asymptote.

Exponential Function

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Exponential Function

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Exponential Function

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lesson 1

𝑓(𝑥) = 3(2)𝑥 and 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 are exponential functions

Example 1: Which of the following exponential functions

Example 1: Which of the following exponential functions

1. The function 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 is an exponential growth since

Example 1: Which of the following exponential functions

Example 1: Which of the following exponential functions

Example 1: Which of the following exponential functions

Example 1: Which of the following exponential functions

Example 1: Construct the table of values of the exponential

Example 1: Construct the table of values of the exponential

Example 1: Construct the table of values of the exponential

Example 1: Construct the table of values of the exponential

Example 1: Construct the table of values of the exponential

Example 1: Construct the table of values of the exponential

Example 1: Construct the table of values of the exponential

Example 1: Construct the table of values of the exponential

Properties of Exponential Functions of the Form

In general, the graph of the function 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑐 is equivalent to the graph of

The graph of the function 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐 is equivalent to the

Properties of Exponential Functions of the Form

The graph of the function 𝒈 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒙−𝟐 is equivalent to the

Properties of Exponential Functions of the Form

Example 1: Identify the intercepts and asymptotes of the

Example 1: Identify the intercepts and asymptotes of the

1. Since the function is in the form 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝒌𝒂𝒙 , where 𝒌 = 𝟑 and

Example 1: Identify the intercepts and asymptotes of the

2. The 𝑦-intercept of a function in the form 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑎 𝑥 is (0, 𝑘).

Example 1: Identify the intercepts and asymptotes of the

Example 1: Identify the intercepts and asymptotes of the

4. The function being in the form 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑘𝑎 𝑥 has the 𝒙-axis or

Example 1: Identify the intercepts and asymptotes of the

Properties of Exponential Functions of the Form

Domain of an exponential function

The domain of the exponential functions 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟗𝒙 , 𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟗−𝒙 , and

Range of an exponential function

Example 1: Find the intercepts, asymptotes, domain, and range

Example 1: Find the intercepts, asymptotes, domain, and range

1. Identify the values of 𝑘, 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐 to find the intercepts and

Example 1: Find the intercepts, asymptotes, domain, and range

2. We check the signs of 𝒌 and 𝒄.

Since they are not of opposite signs, the function has no 𝒙-

Example 1: Find the intercepts, asymptotes, domain, and range

3. The 𝒚-intercept is the point (0, 𝑘) or (𝟎, 𝟓) since 𝒄 = 𝟎.

Example 1: Find the intercepts, asymptotes, domain, and range

This may also be obtained by evaluating 𝒇(𝟎).

Example 1: Find the intercepts, asymptotes, domain, and range

4. Like all exponential functions, 𝑓(𝑥) has no vertical

Example 1: Find the intercepts, asymptotes, domain, and range

5. The horizontal asymptote must be the line 𝑦 = 𝑐.

Since 𝒄 = 𝟎, the horizontal asymptote is the line 𝒚 = 𝟎 or the

Example 1: Find the intercepts, asymptotes, domain, and range

6. Let us also determine the domain and range of 𝑓 𝑥 .

As mentioned, the domain is the set of real numbers.

Example 1: Find the intercepts, asymptotes, domain, and range

This means that all values of 𝑓(𝑥) are positive.

Example 1: Find the intercepts, asymptotes, domain, and range