Bachelor of Science in Criminology

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY
BS CRIM Res. No. ____

Date
IMPLEMENTATION OF OPLAN SAGIP AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS AMONG
VOLUNTARY DRUG SURRENDEREES IN BARANGAY LAGUILAYAN
ISULAN SULTAN KUDARAT
Title Page
JELYN O. CABRIDO
SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL

JUSTICE EDUCATION, SULTAN KUDARAT STATE UNIVERSITY
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY
SEPTEMBER 2021
i
TRANSMITTAL Trans
The thesis attached hereto entitled “IMPLEMENTATION OF OPLAN

SAGIP AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS AMONG VOLUNTARY DRUG
SURRENDEREES IN BARANGAY LAGUILAYAN ISULAN SULTAN
KUDARAT ” prepared and submitted by JELYN O. CABRIDO, in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
CRIMINOLOGY is hereby endorsed for approval.
JOHN REGNAIR M. CANDADO, MSCJ (CAR) MARILOU U. PEREZ, MSCRIM

Adviser Program Chairperson
____________________ ____________________
Date Signed Date Signed
MARLON D. BANGONON, MSCJ

Research Coordinator
____________________
Date Signed
Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Science in Criminology.
EDWIN F. CORTEJO, MSCRIM

College Dean
____________________
Date Signed
ii
APPROVAL SHEET
Appro
The thesis attached hereto entitled “IMPLEMENTATION OF OPLAN

KUDARAT ” prepared and submitted by JELYN O. CABRIDO, for the degree
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY has passed the standards set by
the Sultan Kudarat State University and was successfully defended before this
guidance committee.
MARLON D. BANGONON, MSCJ EDWIN F. CORTEJO, MSCRIM

Member Member
____________________ ____________________
JOHN REGNAIR M. CANDADO, MSCJ (CAR)

Adviser
____________________
Date Signed
Approved as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Science in Criminology.
MARILOU U. PEREZ, MSCRIM MARLON D. BANGONON, MSCJ

Program Chairperson Research Coordinator
____________________ ____________________

College Dean
____________________
Date Signed
iii
BIOGRAPHICAL
Biographical DATA
The researcher was born on June 09, 1998, at Laguilayan, Isulan, Sultan
Kudarat. She is the youngest child among the four children and the only daughter
of Mr. and Mrs. Job C. Cabrido. She is presently residing at Purok 2, Laguilayan,
Isulan, Sultan Kudarat.
She completed her Elementary Education from Laguilayan Central
Elementary School in the year of 2010 and she earned her Secondary Education
from Laguilayan National High School in the year 2014.
With her desire to finish her Tertiary Education, at first she enrolled at
University of Southern Mindanao with a degree of Bachelor of Arts Major in
Psychology for one semester, as her first priority course, then she decided to
shift her course from Bachelor of Arts Major in Psychology to Bachelor of
Science in Agriculture for three semesters as her second priority course in the
same University. At last, she decided to transfer to another school to pursue her
iv
Tertiary Education at Sultan Kudarat State University Tacurong Campus with a
degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology.
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Acknowle
The researcher would like to express her heart felt gratitude and
thanksgiving to the following distinguished people who help and share their
remarkable endeavor in bringing this research into completion.
First, to my family for unending love, understanding and support especially
on financial aspects concerning to this study.
JOHN REGNAIR M. CANDADO, MSCJ (CAR), the researcher’s adviser,
for his significant participation in this study, for his indispensable support,
teachings, corrections and guidance and for his patience in checking the
paperwork from outline to final manuscript;
TEFFANY V. DANIEL, MS, her statistician, for her help in analyzing the
data and interpreting the results;
JAIME BOY U. NGAG JR., MAT, her English Critic for checking the
grammar that leads to the development of this study.
SIR MARLON M. BANGONON, MSCJ, AND SIR EDWIN F. CORTEJO,
MSCRIM, her respected member of the panel, for their time and effort in
checking any possible errors in the paperwork and giving advices assistance and
suggestions;
JAYVERS L. ALCANO, her ever supportive special friend who always
there for her in good times and in bad times.
To all her friends and classmates REA BONDAD, RENALYN ALION,
JEROM PALANAS, JODEHMN TANATE, VINCENT REY LUTERO, AND
vi
MARK DAVE LONZAGA, for the happy moments and encouragement shared
during the conduct of the study, for the courage and extraordinary happiness and
for sharing their ideas.
To all the RESPONDENTS, whose role in this study was very important
for their honesty, time and patience in reading and answering the survey
questionnaires.
And lastly, to the ALMIGHTY GOD, for the guidance and love she showed
upon the researcher from the start until the end. Also for the different but
beneficial she gave to the researcher- the skill, the knowledge, the wisdom, the
love and patience and strength that was used during the data gathering.
To everyone thank you and God bless us all!
Researcher
JELYN O. CABRIDO
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table
PRELIMINARY PAGES
Title Page i
Transmittal ii
Approval Sheet iii
Biographical Data iv
Acknowledgment vi
Table of Contents viii
List of Tables x
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
Background of the Study 1
statement of the Problem 3
conceptual Framework 4
Significance of the Study 6
Scope and Limitation of the Study 6
Operational Definition of Terms 7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 9

Oplan Sagip 9
Drug Use and Treatment 11
Community-Based Drug Rehabilitation 13
CBDR in the Philippines 14
Faith Based Structure 17
Motivational Interview 23
Therapeutic Community Program 24
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY 27

Research Design 27
Respondent of the Study 27
Data Gathering Procedure 27
Data Gathering Instrument 28
Statistical Treatment 28
CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 30

Results and Discussion 30
CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION 41

Summary 41
viii
Conclusion 42
Recommendations 42
LITERATURE CITED 43
Online Sources 43
APPENDICES 46
Appendix 1 Plan of Course Work 47
Appendix 2 Application for Thesis Title 48
Appendix 3 Nomination Guidance Committee 49
Appendix 4 Application for Thesis Outline Defense 50
Appendix 5 Change of Adviser / Guidance Committee Member 51
Appendix 6 Approval of Thesis Outline 52
Appendix 7 Certification of Statistician 53
Appendix 8 Certification of English Critic 54
Appendix 9 Application for Thesis Final Defense Examination 55
Appendix 10 Application for Thesis Final Printing and Binding 57
Appendix 11 Sample Questionnaire 58
Appendix 12 Pictorials and Screenshots 64
Appendix 13 Source Code 65
Appendix 14 DVD 66
ix
LIST OF TABLES
List of
TABLE TITLE
PAGE
Implementation of the Oplan Sagip 30
1.1 Among Voluntary Drug Surrenderees in Terms
of Faith-Based Structure Program.
of Motivational Interview
of Therapeutic Community Program
of Health Education and Counseling
Effectiveness of Oplan Sagip among 37
2.1 Voluntary Drug Surrenderees in terms of
Spiritual Aspects
2.2 Voluntary Drug Surrenderees in terms of
Sociological Aspects
2.3 Voluntary Drug Surrenderees in terms of Health
Aspects
x
ABSTRACT A
JELYN O. CABRIDO, AUGUST 2021. “IMPLEMENTATION OF OPLAN SAGIP

AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS AMONG VOLUNTARY DRUG
KUDARAT”. A thesis of College of Criminal Justice Education, Sultan
Kudarat State University, ACCESS, E.J.C., Montilla, Tacurong City, Sultan
Kudarat.
ADVISER: JOHN REGNAIR M. CANDADO, MSCJ (CAR)
The study used the simple mean, frequency and percentage to
determine the extent of implementation of oplan sagip among voluntary drug
surrenderees in terms of Faith based structure program, Motivational interview,
Therapeutic community program and Health education and counseling. The
result implies that the said program is indeed providing assistance that takes
spiritual interest and encourages the spiritual practices among drug surrenderees
that could help them recover and find peace through their faith. Overall, the
implementation in terms of motivational interview was described as highly
implemented.
The respondents perceived that the Oplan Sagip helped enhance
their contribution to the society .The respondents perceived that all indicators
were highly implemented resulting to a highly implemented overall
implementation. Among all the indicators, it appears that the respondents gave
the greatest rating regarding the provision of information and education about
drug use and its associated harms.

xi
Chapter I
CHA
Introduction
Background of the Study
President Rodrigo Duterte’s war on drugs has as its centerpiece Oplan
Tokhang, which was wordplay of the words toktok and hangyo, Cebuano terms
for knocking and appealing. The primary implementers for this drive were the
police who went door to door in communities, knocking on doors of suspected
drug users and asking them to surrender. As of January 31, 2018, this initiative
resulted in 1,179,462 surrenderees (Bueza, 2017).
As a counterpoint to Oplan Tokhang, the Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB)
launched Oplan Sagip that mandated Local Government Units (LGUs) to provide
community based drug treatment and rehabilitation (CBDR) programs for low-risk
and mild-risk users as well as outpatient rehabilitation for moderate risk users
and in-patient rehabilitation for high-risk users (Dangerous Drug Board [DDB],
2016a).
The directive of DDB to provide drug treatment interventions at the
community level reflects the evolution of how drug use is viewed and treated. In
the past, drug dependence was viewed as a moral problem, a spiritual problem,
a medical problem, a psychological problem, and a social problem (Skewes &
Gonzalez, 2013).
However, today, the consensus appears to be that drug dependence is a
multifaceted health disorder problem caused by biological, psychological,
1
personality, cognitive, social, cultural, and environmental factors (Skewes &
Gonzalez, 2013). Concomitant to the shift in understanding the roots of drug use
was a shift in how it should be treated. Traditional perspectives on drug use
utilized a retributive or punitive justice perspective that views offenses as a
violation of the law and focuses on giving commensurate punishment. On the
other hand, a restorative or reformative justice perspective views the offenses
from an ecological perspective in which stakeholders are engaged in addressing
the harms, needs, and obligations of those who have committed the offense.
The involvement of community members in the justice process allows
them to learn about the narratives of the victims, the offenders, and the crimes
committed. This is important because their involvement is integral to bringing
about lasting changes in the system (Umbreit, Coates, &Vos, 2007).
The goal of this study is to determine the extent of the Implementation of
Oplan Sagip and its effectiveness among voluntary drug surrenderees at
barangay Laguilayan, Isulan, Sultan Kudarat.
2
Statement of the Problem
Generally the study aimed to determine the Implementation of oplan sagip
and its effectiveness among voluntary drug surrenderees in barangay Laguilayan
Isulan Sultan Kudarat.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions.
1. To what extent is the implementation of oplan sagip among voluntary drug
surrenderees in terms of:
1.1. Faith based structure program;
1.2. Motivational interview;
1.3. Therapeutic community program; and
1.4. Health education and counseling?
2. To what extent is the effectiveness of oplan sagip among voluntary drug
surrenderees in terms;
2.1. Spiritual aspect;
2.2. Sociological aspect; and
2.3. Health aspect?
3
Conceptual Framework
Dependent Variable Independent Variable
Implementation of Oplan Effectiveness of Oplan
Sagip Sagip
- Faith-based structure -Spiritual aspect
 Motivational interview  Sociological aspect
 Therapeutic  Health aspect
community program
 Health education and
Counseling
Health education and
Figure. 1 The Conceptual Framework of the study
The figure above displays the conceptual framework of the study. The
framework is composed of two variables, the dependent and the independent
variables.
The dependent variable of the study is the extent the Implementation of
Oplan Sagip among voluntary drug surrenderees, which includes faith-based
structure, motivational interviews, therapeutic community, and Health education
and counseling.
4
While the independent variable, is the effectiveness of Oplan Sagip
among voluntary drug surrenderees in terms of spiritual aspect, sociological
aspect, and health aspect.
5
Significance of the Study
This study will help the community as well the Philippine National police to
be aware and to have knowledge about the status of the Implementation of oplan
sagip and its effectiveness among voluntary drug surrenderees in barangay
Laguilayan Isulan Sultan Kudarat.
To the PNP, as an organization, this study will
provide them a clear perspective to achieve the institution’s goals and be
reflected on their over-all performance, as a whole and they will have sufficient
knowledge in conducting drug related operation without encountering problems
and it would be easier to them when conducting operations.
To the Community of Barangay Laguilayan, through this, they will be
given ideas when they encounter problems related in to Oplan Sagip and they
will also be aware and prepared for some related issues in the future.
To the researcher, the result of this study will help her apply the
knowledge she learned in connection to her field of study which includes the
police officers. Further, the results of this study will enable them to improve the
skills and strategies with regards to drug related operations
Scope and Limitation
This study focused only on the Implementation of Oplan Sagip and its
effectiveness among volunter drug surrenderees at barangay Laguilayan, Isulan,
Sultan Kudarat.
6
Operational Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined operationally for the better understanding
of the study:
Oplan Sagip - pertains to the campaign against the use

of illegal drugs in the barangay level.
-
Faith-Based Structure - refers to the presence of implicit and
explicit religious and spiritual content
underlying program activities toward the
implementation of oplan sagip.
Motivational Interview - refers to the style of counseling process
to help the client express and resolve the
ambivalence of the drug users that
prevent clients from realizing personal
- goals.
Therapeutic Community - refers to the environmental treatment
Program which focuses on the whole person and
overall lifestyle change not simply
abstinence from drug use.
Health Education and - refers to assist behavior change,
Counseling enhance coping skills, promote decision
making, improve the relationship and
facilitate user’s potential.
Spiritual Aspect - refers to the moral and spiritual
development of individual’s that influence
the well-being of a substance user for
reinforcing healthy behavior, positive
mind and to be more hopeful outlook on
life.
Sociological Aspect - refers to the development of social,
emotional, mental and physical activities
that helps to understand, develop, and
exercise to the health and well-being of
the substance drug use.
7
Health Aspect - refers to the relationship and interaction
between the families, peers, and
community to the drug users in the
society to develop and build social bonds
not involving illegal drug activities.
Chapter II
CH
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter provides an overview of previous research on knowledge
sharing and intranets. It introduces the framework for the case study that
comprises the main focus of the research.
Oplan Sagip
The Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) Office of the President created a
board regulation no. 4, series of 2016 OPLAN SAGIP (or Operation Plan to
Save) guidelines on voluntary surrender of drug users and dependents and
monitoring mechanism of barangay anti-drug abuse campaigns.88 This guideline
was created to establish specific procedures to be followed by national
government agencies, law enforcement agencies, anti-drug abuse councils
(ADACs) of local government units and cause-oriented non-government
8
organizations in dealing with drug personalities who voluntarily surrendered to
authorities and were assessed as drug users or dependents.
In this manner, this guideline will also provide a mechanism to monitor
compliance with RA 9165 and other related guidelines issued by the Department
of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) pertaining to the campaign against
the use of illegal drugs in the barangay level.89 Both GI and CBR are great
government initiatives to assist drug users; however, these two programs are
only directed at low risk and mild drug users.
Aside from these two categories, there are also moderate and severe
clients. “Moderate drug users surrenderees” are referred to health facility-based
outpatient treatment and rehabilitation accredited by the Department of Health
(DOH) which involves behavioural modification programs or psychotherapy
intervention, relapse prevention and harm minimalization, a matrix intensive
outpatient program, moral or spiritual/faith-based structured interventions,
counselling, life enhancement skills, educational programs, and livelihood
training activities.
The clients are strictly monitored and must report for the outpatient
program on a specified date and time to be able to complete the module. “Severe
drug users surrenderees” are subjected to inpatient treatment and rehabilitation.
9
These clients need detoxification, drug treatment and rehabilitation, relapse
prevention, residential care in mental health facilities, therapeutic community
programs, faith-based structured programs, 12-step programs, eclectic programs
or even jail time if they have pending cases.91 If surrenderees avail themselves
of these programs, they must submit to voluntary confinement for drug treatment
and rehabilitation as provided for in section 54 of the act and regulation no. 3,
series of 2007 of the Board.92 These guidelines and interventions sound
promising if we can be sure that they are being implemented consistently. Melba
shared that in Camarines Sur (Region V- Bicol region), with an estimated
population of 5.79 million as of the August 2015 Census of population, 93 there
are approximately 26,000 surrenderees.
This number is yet to be classified according to the severity of cases in
order to direct the clients to the proper intervention needed. A licensed
psychologist with proper training is required to classify those who voluntarily
surrender, and this is where the lack of a capable team to handle such a vast
influx might be encountered. If this is true in one of the regions, it might hold true
in other regions as well. Unfortunately, that information is not available
(Alarcon,2019)
Drug Use and Treatment
10
The directive of DDB to provide drug treatment interventions at the
community level refects the evolution of how drug use is viewed and treated. In
the past, drug dependence was viewed as a moral problem, a spiritual problem,
a medical problem, a psychological problem, and a social problem (Skewes &
Gonzalez, 2013). However, today, the consensus appears to be that drug drug
dependence is a multifaceted health disorder problem caused by biological,
psychological, personality, cognitive, social, cultural, and environmental factors
(Skewes & Gonzalez, 2013). Concomitant to the shift in understanding the roots
of drug use was a shift in how it should be treated. Traditional perspectives on
drug use utilized a retributive or punitive justice perspective that views ofenses
as a violation of the law and focuses on giving commensurate punishment. On
the other hand, a restorative or reformative justice perspective views the ofenses
from an ecological perspective in which stakeholders are engaged in addressing
the harms, needs, and obligations of those who have committed the ofense.
The involvement of community members in the justice process allows
them to learn about the narratives of the victims, the ofenders, and the crimes
committed. This is important because their involvement is integral to bringing
about lasting changes in the system (Umbreit, Coates, & Vos, 2007). CBDR is
based on a restorative perspective and its frst principle is to ensure the
11
availability and accessibility of treatment in the community (UNODC, 2014). This
principle has been infuential in transferring the focus from in-patient rehabilitation
to the provision of prevention and treatment services as well as rehabilitation in
communities
Community-Based Drug Rehabilitation
Community-based treatments are relatively new with most of them starting
only in the 1980’s (Merzel & D’Afitti, 2003). The main difference between CBDR
and in-patient rehabilitation is that the former takes place within the drug user’s
community, as opposed to the latter which usually takes place in an institution
that is isolated from the user’s community. The focus of CBDR is not just the
treatment of drug use but also the provision of a continuum of care including
health, social, and other non-specialist needs of recovering users and their
families (UNODC, 2014). This shift from individually focused explanations of
health behaviors to ones that include social and environmental influences reflect
ecological models where health issues are embedded in social context (Merzel &
D’Afitti, 2003).
12
The shift to CBDR comes from compelling evidence of its economic,
medical, community, and ethical benefits (Tanguay et al., 2015). Studies show
that those who underwent a community-based treatment program had lower
relapse and recidivism rates compared to those who went through inpatient
treatment (Inciardi, Martin, Butzin, Hooper, & Harrison, 1997; Knight, Simpson,
Chatham, & Camacho, 1997). The active involvement of the patient in the
treatment process also promotes better ownership and responsibility over one’s
wellbeing. In addition, CBDR is primarily outpatient and is less invasive as
compared to inpatient or residential drug treatment. Instead of hiding drug
patients in an establishment away from the community, CBDR can help the
community understand the complexities and hardships involved in addressing an
illness such as substance use disorder. This can increase the community support
for drug users, that in turn, helps reduce stigma in the community (UNODC,
2014). However, the success of CBDR is dependent on a number of factors. A
study done in China suggests that punitive approaches of the local police hinders
the success of community-based programs (Ma et al., 2016). Furthermore, drug
policies that are heavily based on law enforcement tend to deter people from
voluntarily seeking treatment (Open Society Institute, 2009). This deterrence may
make it harder to identify and address the needs of the community. This is
13
problematic because knowing and responding to the felt needs and barriers to
treatment of users is important for the successful treatment of drug use
(Ashtankar & Talapalliwar, 2017).
CBDR in the Philippines
In the Philippines, drug treatment has traditionally been through inpatient
rehabilitation centers; thus community-based drug interventions are quite new
(Hechanova et al., 2018). The Dangerous Drug Board adopted the UNODC
guidelines for CBDR viewing drug dependence as a health issue with treatment
in the community as an alternative to incarceration. The DDB guidelines
encourage communities to provide accessible, affordable, and evidence-based
treatments; implement screening, assessment and treatment planning; and
provide a continuum of care from prevention to reintegration (DDB, 2016a).
Another key element in CBDR is community involvement and participation.
Community members are involved in the identification of drug users, preliminary
screening and needs assessment, providing psychosocial counseling and
support, as well as referral to specialized treatment (DDB, 2016a).
However, given the lack of experience in CBDR, a major challenge for
Philippine communities is the lack of evidence-based and culturally appropriate
interventions. Initially, CBDR programs were mainly diversion programs that
14
consisted of physical fitness, spiritual activities, and community service. To
address the urgent need for psycho-social treatment, the Psychological
Association of the Philippines (PAP) developed an evidence-informed and
culturally nuanced intervention using McKleroy and colleagues’ (2006) Map of
Adaptation Process (MAP). This process consists of assessment of needs and
risk factors, designing the intervention based on cultural and contextual nuances,
training of facilitators and pre-testing of materials, pilot-testing, and
implementation and continuous evaluation. A needs analysis of recovering users
confirmed that majority (85%) of users were low to mild-risk users and could be
treated in the community. Surrenderees were mainly male, poor, uneducated,
and unemployed. Two-thirds experienced adverse childhood experiences such
as physical and emotional abuse or neglect and lacked drug recovery and life
skills. Given this, the PAP adapted materials from the Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Services Administration’s (SAMHSA) Matrix Intensive Outpatient
Program (SAMHSA, 2006) and the UNODC Trainer’s Manual for Community-
Based Drug Recovery Support (UNODC, 2014).
The intervention was named Katatagan Kontra Droga sa Komunidad
(Resilience Against Drugs: A community-based treatment program) that consist
of modules on drug recovery skills, life skills, and family modules. The design
15
took into consideration Philippine culture and utilized a small group format. This
was based on studies showing that intervention within groups enable healing in
interdependent and collectivist cultures (Hechanova et al., 2015; Hechanova,
Waelde, & Ramos, 2016).
Given the interdependent nature of Filipinos, the modules required
homework that engaged the drug users’ families and family sessions. Cognizant
of the importance of cultural norms of pakikisama (cooperation) and kapwa (unity
of the self with others; Enriquez, 1992), and the importance of maintaining good
relations (Lynch, 1962), designers included modules on assertive
communication, drug refusal skills, and rebuilding relationships (Hechanova et
al., 2018). Based on evidence that family and community members are a critical
source of identity and support, the module on problem solving included mapping
of possible sources of support. Given the value of hiya (shame), loss of face, and
the stigmatization of illicit drug use, a module was included to build participants’
self-esteem and self-efficacy (Hechanova et al., 2018)
Faith based Structure
A critical starting point for this discussion is the definition of faith-based
programs, as extant definitions appear many and varied. Castelli and McCarthy
(1997) define faith-based organizations to include congregations, national
16
networks (such as Catholic Charities or YMCA), freestanding religious
organizations, or other urban or social ministries providing some community
service (Vidal, 2001).
A White House White Paper (2001, p. 3) takes a broader view, including
both religious and secular organizations, referring to faith-based grassroots
groups...[involving networks]...of local congregations...small nonprofit
organizations (both religious and secular)...and neighborhood groups that spring
up to respond to a crisis....Q In contrast, Scott (2003) emphasizes (a) the linkage
of faith-based organizations to an organized faith community, (b) the presence of
a particular religious ideology, and (c) staff and volunteers drawn from a
particular religious group. In considering the differing emphases of such
definitions, we argue that an appreciation of the diversity of faith-based groups
requires a broad, inclusive approach allowing for both secular and religious
organizations.
Thus, Sider and Unruh (1999) posit four types of faith-based providers: (a)
secular providers who make no explicit to reference to God or any ultimate
values, (b) religiously affiliated providers who use standard nonreligious
techniques and approaches without religious content, (c) exclusively faith-based
providers who rely on religious content and technologies to the exclusion of
17
traditional nonreligious approaches, and (d) holistic faith-based providers who
combine religious and nonreligious content and approaches. Sider and Unruh
emphasize a combination of religious affiliation and religious content similar to
the Working Group on Human Needs and Faith-Based and Community Initiatives
(2002), who emphasize the degree to which a program is imbued with religious
and/or spiritual content (e.g., a continuum ranging from faith-saturated to faith-
secular partnership).
It is argued that a broad definition is a necessity, in particular, in
examining faith-based providers of substance abuse treatment. With regard to
the definition of faith-based substance abuse treatment programs, we downplay
the importance of the religious or congregational affiliation of the program itself.
Rather, for purposes of this article, we define faith-based programs broadly in
terms of the presence of implicit or explicit religious and/or spiritual content
underlying program activities. This follows from the fact that many programs,
although not associated with any organized religion, may endorse 12-step
conceptions of spirituality and the existence of a higher power.
Thus, although they may not constitute a religion per se, 12-step programs
do promote practices such as prayer, meditation, confession, and penance
(White, 1998) and as well involve elements of ideology and recruitment of
18
volunteers and staff from existing 12-step members proposed as characteristics
of faith-based organizations (Scott, 2003). In this sense, even a secular
treatment program may have faith-based elements. The line between secular
and faith-based programs becomes further blurred in that recovery programs
endorsing 12-step philosophy typically emphasize spiritual transformation
(Albers, 1997; Alcoholics Anonymous [AA], 1995) as fundamental to the recovery
process. In this regard, an approach emphasizing the degree to which a program
is imbued with religious and/or spiritual content (Sider & Unruh, 1999) becomes
critical with regard to examining substance abuse treatment programs where
even a traditional program (emphasizing conventional medical and psychosocial
treatments) may incorporate the 12-step philosophy or other spiritual content to
some extent. A final definitional issue involves the credentials of program staff.
That is, as noted, 12-step-oriented treatment programs often recruit staff
members who are in recovery.
Although this is common and although faith-based pro50 J.A. Neff et al. /
Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 30 (2006) 49 – 61 grams may recruit
their graduates as well, an important distinction lies in the degree of training of
staff in more traditional versus faith-based programs. That is, we suggest that
traditional treatment programs that emphasize conventional medical and
19
psychosocial treatment modalities will generally be more likely to have
professional, licensed staff (in part a function of licensing requirements) than less
formal faith-based programs who may be more likely to hire unlicensed
nonprofessional staff Faith-based initiatives in areas of welfare-to-work, child
care, and substance abuse treatment have recently received an increasing
amount of public attention, both positive and negative (Johnson, 2002; Sider &
Unruh, 1999).
Growing interest in faith-based approaches coincides with increasing
attention directed to conceptual and methodological issues surrounding
spirituality, religiosity, and their implications for health and well-being (Fetzer
Institute, 1999). Unfortunately, systematic empirical research regarding the
efficacy of faith-based interventions (i.e., those rooted in some spiritual or
religious content) for alcohol or substance abuse is sparse. Although general
evidence regarding the efficacy of faith-based interventions is reviewed
elsewhere (Johnson, 2002), we emphasize that efforts to understand the
effectiveness of faith-based programs presumes an understanding of (at the very
least) what faith-based programs are and what they do.
There is a growing literature on the definition of faith-based organizations
involved in the provision of social services (Vidal, 2001), although we will argue
20
that faith-based substance abuse treatment may occupy a unique niche and
must be understood in relation to traditional substance abuse treatment
programs— particularly in light of the preeminence of 12-step philosophy (Roman
& Blum, 1999) and emphasis upon spirituality in the recovery process (Albers,
1997; White, 1998).
The literature regarding religion and spirituality dimensions in relation to
substance abuse and substance abuse treatment has been aptly reviewed by
Gorsuch (1995) and Miller (1997). The interested reader is referred to those
sources for background information. The present exploratory analysis focuses
upon substance abuse treatment, presenting an empirically grounded, qualitative
and quantitative study of a range of treatment programs to identify differences
and similarities between faith-based and more traditional substance abuse
treatment programs. Our hope is that identification of unique (and common)
elements will demystify the notion of faith-based treatment, while highlighting
more fundamental dimensions common to treatment programs in general.
To clarify the nature and diversity of faith-based substance abuse
treatment programs, the present article will (a) discuss the definition of faith-
based organizations, specifically as they relate to substance abuse treatment
programs, (b) contrast classical theory regarding the structure and functions of
21
religious organizations with contemporary middle-range theory of substance
abuse treatment process to highlight key dimensions of faith-based and
traditional treatment programs, and (c) present results from an exploratory
qualitative/quantitative study of a range of substance abuse treatment programs
seeking to identify key dimensions of such programs and to identify sources of
variation between program types.
Specifically, seven programs are studied, ranging from traditional
treatment programs employing licensed professional staff to more clearly faith-
based programs employing largely lay staff and endorsing more explicitly
Christian philosophies. Focus group and Concept Mapping (Trochim, 1993a)
methodologies are used to identify key program dimensions of these programs
and to see if traditional and faith-based programs can be differentiated based on
these dimensions. Ultimately, the goals of our research program are to clarify the
nature of faith-based treatment, to assess the extent to which these programs
differ (or are similar to) traditional treatment programs, and to develop
hypotheses regarding possible implications of differences for treatment outcomes
of these programs.
Motivational Interview
22
Motivational interviewing is a technique in which you become a helper in
the change process and express acceptance of your client. It is a way to interact
with substance-using clients, not merely as an adjunct to other therapeutic
approaches, and a style of counseling that can help resolve the ambivalence that
prevents clients from realizing personal goals.
Motivational interviewing builds on Carl Rogers' optimistic and humanistic
theories about people's capabilities for exercising free choice and changing
through a process of self-actualization. The therapeutic relationship for both
Rogerian and motivational interviewers is a democratic partnership. Your role in
motivational interviewing is directive, with a goal of eliciting self-motivational
statements and behavioral change from the client in addition to creating client
discrepancy to enhance motivation for positive change (Davidson, 1994; Miller
and Rollnick, 1991).
Essentially, motivational interviewing activates the capability for beneficial
change that everyone possesses (Rollnick and Miller, 1995). Although some
people can continue change on their own, others require more formal treatment
and support over the long journey of recovery. Even for clients with low
readiness, motivational interviewing serves as a vital prelude to later therapeutic
work
23
Therapeutic Community Program
Therapeutic communities (TCs) have a recovery orientation, focusing on
the whole person and overall lifestyle changes, not simply abstinence from drug
use. This orientation acknowledges the chronic, relapsing nature of substance
use disorders (SUDs) and holds the view that lapses are opportunities for
learning (Vanderplasschen et al., 2013; De Leon, 2012) Recovery is seen as a
gradual, ongoing process of cognitive change through clinical interventions, and
it is expected that it will take time for program participants to advance through the
stages of treatment, setting personal objectives along the way.
A recovery orientation is different from an acute-care model, which
focuses on interrupting drug use and helping the patient attain abstinence during
treatment episodes rather than overall lifestyle change((Vanderplasschen et al.,
2013; De Leon, 2000; Sacks et al., 2008b; Perfas & Spross, 2007; De Leon,
2012) TCs encourage participants to examine their personal behavior to help
them become more pro-social and to engage in "right living"—considered to be
based on honesty, taking responsibility, hard work, and willingness to learn . As
program participants progress through the stages of recovery, they assume
greater personal and social responsibilities in the community. The goal is for a
TC participant to leave the program not only drug-free but also employed or in
24
school or training. It is not uncommon for program participants to progress in
their recovery to take on leadership and staff roles within the TC.
Following the concept of "community as method," TCs use active
participation in group living and activities to drive individual change and the
attainment of therapeutic goals (. (Dye et al., 2009; Dye et al., 2012;
Vanderplasschen et al., 2013; Vanderplasschen et al., 2014; Bunt et al., 2008)
With an emphasis on social learning and mutual self-help, individual participants
take on some of the responsibility for their peers' recovery. This aid to others is
seen as an important part of changing oneself (De Leon, 2000; De Leon, 2015;
Sacks et al., 2012a)
Another implication of the recovery orientation is that it is recognized that
people will need options for ongoing support once they complete residential
treatment at the TC to promote a healthy drug-free lifestyle and help them avoid
relapsing to drug use(Hendershot et al., 2011)Relapse prevention is a part of
many addiction treatment programs, aiming to increase awareness and build
coping skills both to reduce the likelihood or frequency of relapse and its severity
if and when it does occur. As they move toward completion of a TC program,
participants are aided in connecting with formal aftercare and self-help groups in
25
the community. This approach is consistent with care coordination, a highly
emphasized component of health care reform.
Chapter III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the details on how the study was conducted. It
shows the researcher design, the respondents of the study, the data gathering
procedure, the instrument used and statistical analysis of the data.
26
Research Design
This study used the descriptive method of research using a survey
questionnaire to gather the needed data, which were analyzed to describe the
findings related to the research problems involved in the study.
Respondents of the Study
The target subjects of this study were the drug surrenderees of Barangay
Laguilayan, Isulan, Sultan Kudarat. Due to time constraint and the limitations
brought by the pandemic, the researcher considered the first one hundred drug
surrenderees who availed the Oplan Sagip Program.
Data Gathering Procedures
Proper permission was asked from the Barangay officials of Barangay
Laguilayan, Isulan Sultan Kudarat. When it was approved, the researcher asked
permission from the first 100 surrenderees of the said barangay and distributed
the questionnaires to them. The answered questionnaires were tabulated and
analyzed using appropriate statistical tools.
Data Gathering Instruments
The researcher utilized the survey questionnaire as the main instrument in
gathering the needed data to meet the objectives of the study.
The rating scale below which is patterned after (Grospe 2008), was used
by the respondents in evaluating each statement in the questionnaire.
Rating Description
5 Always
27
4 Oftentimes
3 Sometimes
2 Seldom
1 Never
Statistical Treatment
The researcher used mean to describe the rating of every indicator and
computed the overall mean in each parameter.
A corresponding verbal description of the mean ratings was also provided
to determine the Extent of Implementation of Oplan Sagip and its Effectiveness
among Voluntary Drug Surrenderees in Barangay Laguilayan, Isulan Sultan
Kudarat.
The scale below was also used to describe the extent of implementation
and effectiveness.
Rating scale Description

4.21 - 5.00 Very Highly Implemented/ Effective
3.41 - 4.20 Highly Implemented/ Effective
2.61 - 3.40 Moderately Implemented/ Effective
1.81 - 2.60 Less Implemented/ Effective
1.00 - 1.80 Least Implemented/ Effective
28
Chapter IV
CH
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the summary and discussion of the obtained results of
the data gathered from the respondents.
Table 1.1 Implementation of the Oplan Sagip among Voluntary Drug

Surrenderees In Terms of Faith-Based Structure Program
Standard
Indicators Mean Deviation Description
(SD)
1. The Implementation of the OP take

initial assessment that takes into
account the spiritual interests of the Very Highly
4.30 0.63
client which is useful in defining the Implemented
content of the therapeutic counseling
process.
29
2. The Implementation of the OP teaches
the value of spiritual reflection as Highly
4.12 0.77
content in counseling process among Implemented
drug surrenderees.
3. Implementing OP encourages spiritual Highly
4.06 0.79
practice in groups. Implemented
4. Oplan Sagip implementations promote
Highly
self-reflection that encourages 3.94 0.82
Implemented
strengthening their belief in God.
5. The Implementation of the OP helps
Highly
recovering addicts to find peace 4.08 0.85
Implemented
through their faith.
Highly
Overall 4.10 0.77
Implemented
Table 1.1 displays the respondents’ assessment on the implementation of
the Oplan Sagip in terms of its faith-based structure. The respondents perceived
that the taking into account of the spiritual interests of the client was very highly
implemented as it received the highest mean rating of 4.30. All other indicators
were perceived by the respondents as highly implemented. Overall, the
respondents perceived that Oplan Sagip was highly implemented with regard to
its faith-based structure. This implies that the said program is indeed providing
assistance that takes spiritual interest and encourages the spiritual practices
among drug surrenderees that could help them recover and find peace through
their faith. This confirms the ideas of (Vidal, 2001) that there is a growing
literature on the definition of faith-based organizations involved in the provision of
social services although we will argue that faith-based substance abuse
treatment may occupy a unique niche and must be understood in relation to
traditional substance abuse treatment programs— particularly in light of the
30
preeminence of 12-step philosophy (Roman & Blum, 1999) and emphasis upon
spirituality in the recovery process (Albers, 1997; White, 1998).
The standard deviation in every indicator suggests a tolerable amount of
differences in the ratings of the respondents. The same is implied by the overall
standard deviation in terms of the respondents’ general opinion.
Table 1.2 Implementation of The Oplan Sagip among Voluntary Drug

Surrenderees in terms Of Motivational Interview
Standard
(SD)
1. The Implementation of the OP

Highly
encourages drug surrenderers to 3.94 0.94
Implemented
develop a plan for their future.
2. The Implementation of the OP Motivate
Highly
to change their perspective in life by 3.46 0.86
Implemented
setting goals and objectives.
us to enlighten the drug surrenders
Highly
between what they are doing and what 3.86 0.82
Implemented
they want to do, without the client
feeling pressured or coerced.
drug surrenderers to overcome Highly
3.78 0.87
disorders and other chronic condition Implemented
by means of motivation.
31
5. The Implementation of the OP supports
self-efficacy (give the client the
Highly
confidence that they are likely to 3.86 0.85
Implemented
succeed, but be realistic and keep
goals within reach).
Highly
Overall 3.78 0.86
Implemented
Table 1.2 reveals the respondents’ assessment on the implementation of
the Oplan Sagip in terms of motivational interview. The respondents perceived
that the indicators pre-determined by the researcher were all highly implemented.
Overall, the implementation in terms of motivational interview was described as
highly implemented. According to Rollnick and Miller, 1995, it is a way to interact
with substance-using clients, not merely as an adjunct to other therapeutic
approaches, and a style of counseling that can help resolve the ambivalence that
prevents clients from realizing personal goals.
The standard deviation in every indicator suggests a tolerable amount of
differences in the ratings of the respondents. The same is implied by the overall
standard deviation of 0.86 in terms of the respondents’ general opinion.
Table 1.3 Implementation Of The Oplan Sagip Among Voluntary Drug

Surrenderee In Terms Of Therapeutic Community Program
Standard
(SD)

Highly
develops new and 4.04 0.74
Implemented
32
improved treatments to help people
with substance use disorders to
achieve and maintain a meaningful
and sustained recovery.
encourage participants to examine
Highly
their personal behavior to help them 3.98 0.89
Implemented
become more pro-social and to
engage in “right living”.
participants are aided in connecting Highly
4.14 0.85
with formal aftercare and self-help Implemented
groups in the community.
Very Highly
us to enhance the contribution to 4.22 0.82
Implemented
society connectedness.
provides psychosocial counseling to
Highly
drug surrenders affected by drug 3.86 0.87
Implemented
abuse and dependence and their
families.
Highly
Overall 4.05 0.83
Implemented
Table 1.3 shows the respondents’ assessment on the implementation of
the Oplan Sagip in terms of therapeutic community program. The respondents
perceived that the Oplan Sagip helped enhance their contribution to the society
as they gave it the highest mean of 4.22 described as very highly implemented.
All other indicators were described as highly implemented. Overall, the
respondents described the implementation of therapeutic community program as
highly implemented. According to. (Dela Rosa, 2016) Vanderplasschen et al.,
2013; De Leon, 2000; Sacks et al., 2008b; Perfas & Spross, as program
participants progress through the stages of recovery, they assume greater
personal and social responsibilities in the community. The goal is for a TC
33
participant to leave the program not only drug-free but also employed or in school
or training.
Similarly, the standard deviation in each indicator implies a tolerable
variation in the ratings of the respondents. The same is implied by the overall
Table 1.4 Implementation Of The Oplan Sagip Among Voluntary Drug

Surrenderee In Terms Of Health Education And Counseling
Standard
(SD)
1. The Implementation of the OP provides

Highly
information and education about drug 4.06 0.77
Implemented
use and associated harms.
2. The Implementation of the OP engages
the drug surrenders in a discussion
Highly
about their substance use. Ask them to 3.78 0.87
Implemented
identify the perceived benefits of drug
use as well as the potential harms.
with the client/patient; evaluate the Highly
3.76 0.80
positive and negative effects of Implemented
substances.
4. The Implementation of the OP provides 3.78 0.84 Highly
34
advice to drug surrenders in terms of
Implemented
treatment.
5. The Implementation of the OP assists
the drug surrenders in the development Highly
3.60 0.88
of their educational plans or choices. Implemented
Highly
Overall 3.80 0.83
Implemented
Table 1.4 presents the respondents’ assessment on the implementation
of Oplan Sagip in terms of health education and counseling. The respondents
perceived that all indicators were highly implemented resulting to a highly
implemented overall implementation. Among all the indicators, it appears that
the respondents gave the greatest rating regarding the provision of information
and education about drug use and its associated harms. According to Skewes &
Gonzalez, 2013 today, the consensus appears to be that drug dependence is a
multifaceted health disorder problem caused by biological, psychological,
personality, cognitive, social, cultural, and environmental factors.
Similarly, the standard deviation in each indicator implies a tolerable
variation in the ratings of the respondents. The same is implied by the overall
Table 1.5 Summary Of Responses in the Implementation Of the Oplan

Sagip among Voluntary Drug Surrenderees
Items Mean Description
1. Faith based structure program 4.10 Highly Implemented

2. Motivational interview 3.78 Highly Implemented
3. Therapeutic community program 4.05 Highly Implemented
4. Health education and counseling 3.80 Highly Implemented
Overall 3.93 Highly Implemented
35
Table 1.5 provides the summary of the overall means computed in terms
of the four aspects of the Oplan Sagip implementation. All four aspects were
perceived as highly implemented, however, it turned out that faith-based
structure is the most implemented garnering the highest mean rating of 4.10.
Overall, the respondents seem to agree that the implementation of Oplan Sagip
succeeded in instilling the four aspects as it obtained a grand mean of 3.93.
Table 2.1 Effectiveness of Oplan Sagip among Voluntary Drug

Surrenderees In Terms of Spiritual Aspects
Standard
(SD)
1. The Implementation of Oplan Sagip

Highly
helps and influences Individuals 3.94 0.79
Effective
recovering from addictions.
2. The Implementation of the OP help the
drug surrenderers learn more about their Highly
3.78 0.85
faith and get involved with religious Effective
activities.
drug surrenderers advocate a human life Highly
3.86 0.85
and dignity, and the belief that people Effective
deserve second chances.
4. The Implementation of the OP helps the 3.78 0.80 Highly
surrenderees conveyed the need for a Effective
spiritual resource that would serve as an
36
addition or an alternative to traditional
church services
drug surrenderers understands the Highly
3.60 0.87
importance of spiritual aspects of human Effective
functioning.
Highly
Overall 3.79 0.38
Effective
Table 2.1 discusses the respondents’ assessment on the effectiveness of
Oplan Sagip in terms of spiritual aspects. The respondents perceived that the
Oplan Sagip was highly effective in enhancing the spiritual aspects of the drug
surrenderees based on the overall rating of 3.79 given by the respondents. All
indicators were also perceived as highly effective. According to (Hew, 2018) the
different sectors of the society are encouraged to participate in programs through
increasing awareness and enhancing public understanding of drug dependence.
To reach out to a greater majority, cooperation and coordination with media
organizations is also maintained.
The standard deviations in all indicators imply considerable variation in the
opinions of the respondents. The general opinions of all respondents are also
tolerably varied based on the overall standard deviation of 0.38.
Table 2.2 Effectiveness of Oplan Sagip Among Voluntary Drug

Surrenderees In Terms of Sociological Aspects
Standard
Deviatio
Indicators Mean Description
n
(SD)
1. The Implementation of the OP build a

healthier self-confident by becoming Very Highly
4.30 0.68
involved with activities that do not include Effective
drug use.
37
2. The Implementation of the OP develops Highly
social bonds to families. 3.98 0.77
Effective
3. The Implementation of the OP develops Highly
social bonds to peers. 4.04 0.85
Effective
4. The Implementation of the OP builds a Highly
healthier relationship with other people. 3.86 0.82
Effective
5. The Implementation of the OP teaches us
Highly
to learn to contemplate the meaning of 4.06 0.86
Effective
life and appreciate the people around.
Highly
Overall 4.05 0.40
Effective
The above table reveals the respondents’ assessment on the
effectiveness of Oplan Sagip in terms of sociological aspects. The respondents
perceived that the Oplan Sagip was highly effective in promoting their
sociological aspects based on their given overall rating of 4.05. All indicators
were also perceived as highly effective except for the building of healthier self-
confidence among the respondents which was described as very highly effective
garnering the highest mean of 4.30. According to (Dela Rosa, 2016), the regional
and international cooperation pillar places emphasis on cross-border strategy-
sharing and regional activities while enriching the existing national responses
and capacity-building programs which represent the foundations of the national
anti-drug abuse advocacy.
The standard deviations in all indicators similarly imply considerable
variation in the opinions of the respondents. The general opinions of all
respondents are also tolerably varied based on the overall standard deviation of
0.40.
Table 2.3 Effectiveness of Oplan Sagip Among Voluntary Drug

Surrenderees in Terms of Health Aspects
38
Standard
(SD)

Highly
developed physical fitness routine after 4.08 0.71
Effective
surrendered.
2. The Implementation of the OP engage
Highly
us physical activities that helps to 3.78 0.80
Effective
develop healthy lifestyle.
Highly
participate in different exercises that 4.14 0.83
Effective
benefits physical fitness.
Highly
decreases the risk of problems related to 3.94 0.84
Effective
their well-being and health.
5. The Implementation of the OP helps to
understand that Drug abuse, especially Very Highly
4.30 0.86
over an extended period, can have Effective
numerous long-term health effects.
Highly
Overall 4.05 0.39
Effective
Table 2.3 describes the respondents’ assessment on the effectiveness of
Oplan Sagip in terms of health aspects. The respondents perceived that the
Oplan Sagip was highly effective in promoting their health based on their given
overall rating of 4.05. All indicators were also perceived as highly effective except
for the improved understanding among the respondents that drug abuse have
numerous long-term effects which was described as very highly effective
garnering the highest mean of 4.30. According to (Aquino, 2014) the policy of the
State to protect and promote the right to health of the people and in still health
consciousness among them as provided in Section 15 Article 11 of the
Constitution. It is also further declared the policy of the State that in order to
safeguard the health of the people, the State shall provide for their protection
against counterfeit drugs.

39
Table 2.4 Summary of Effectiveness of Oplan Sagip among Voluntary Drug
Surrenderees
Variable Mean Descriptive

Rating Rating
Highly
1. Spiritual aspects 3.79
Effective
Highly
2. Sociological aspects 4.05
Effective
Highly
3. Health aspects 4.05
Effective
Highly
Grand Mean 3.97
Effective
Table 2.4 provides the summary of the overall means computed in
determining the effectiveness of Oplan Sagip as perceived by the respondents.
The researcher considered three aspects- spiritual, sociological, and health
aspects to measure the effectiveness of the said program. It shows that the
Oplan Sagip was considered by the respondents as highly effective in promoting
their spiritual, sociological and health aspects.
Chapter V
CH
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
In this chapter the summary of findings, conclusion and recommendations
obtained from the research of the study data obtained 100 respondents from
Community of Barangay Laguilayan Sultan Kudarat. The respondents were
requested to answer the questionnaire which manifests to their judgments on the
40
data taken from the survey questionnaire which were statistically analyzed using
the weighted mean.
Summary of Findings
The summary of finding is as follows:
1. In the implementation of the Oplan Sagip, the highest was the Faith-
based structure program with an overall mean of 4.1 described as
highly implemented and the lowest Motivational interview with 3.78
described as Highly Implemented. This implies that the
implementation of Oplan Sagip among voluntary drug surrenderee with
a grand mean of3.93 described as highly Implemented.
2. The respondents described the of effectiveness of Oplan Sagip among
voluntary drug surrenderees. As a whole, the grand mean was 3.97
described as “high effect “.. Furthermore, result also reveals that the
respondents have the ideas on the roles and the responsibility of police
in implementing Oplan Sagip. This also implies that the community is
aware that the police officers are doing their job.
3. It is also evident that there is a significant relationship between the
extent of implementation of Oplan sagip and its effectiveness of Oplan
Sagip among voluntary drug surrenderees.
Conclusions
In this study, the researcher generated the following conclusions:
41
1. The Faith-based structure, Motivational interview, Therapeutic community
program and Health education and Counselling are found to be high
extent in the implemention of the Oplan Sagip
2. The Effectiveness of Oplan Sagip among voluntary drug surrenderees,
was generally based on the spiritual, sociological and health aspect which
there is a high effect on the Effectiveness of said program.
3. All values of correlation are greater than the critical value, thus all are
significant.
Recommendation
1. Sultan Kudarat PNP are highly encouraged to continue with their duties
different programs in order to stop citizen using drugs.
2. Brief up police personnel may carry out more Oplan Sagip programs.
3. It is also recommended to Intensify the Oplan Sagip programs done in
order to decrease the number of drug addicts in the City and Municipality.
4. Concerned personnel may share and model the expertise developed in
the implementation of the Oplan Sagip program.
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45
APPENDICES
46
Form 1
Appendix 1
PLAN OF COURSE WORK

Appendix 1
Name: JELYN O. CABRIDO Course: BS - CRIMINOLOGY

Major Course:
Course No. Course Description Unit Grade Remarks
Crimtic 213 Forensic Ballistics 4 2.50 Passed
Crimtic 214 Questioned Document 4 2.00 Passed
Polygraphy (lie
Crimtic 215 3 2.00 Passed
detection)
Crimtic 216 Legal Medicine 3 1.50 Passed
Human Behavior and
Crim 214 3 2.00 Passed
Crisis Management
Police Comparative
LEA 215 3 1.75 Passed
System
LEA 219 Police Planning 3 2.00 Passed
CA 211 Institutional Correction 3 1.75 Passed
Non-Institutional
CA 212 3 1.50 Passed
Correction
Traffic Management and
CDI 212 3 2.75 Passed
Accident Investigation
CDI 214 Organized Crime 3 2.00 Passed
CDI 215 White Collar Crime 3 2.00 Passed
Inclusive Course:
Chem 111 General Chemistry 5 2.00 Passed
Forensic Chemistry and
Chem 211 5 2.25 Passed
Toxicology
CLJ 213 Criminal Procedure 3 2.75 Passed
Total Number of Units Required for the Period : 216 UNITS
Total Numbers of Units Earned : 180 UNITS
Certified Correct: Approved:
MARIBETH P. SALABAN, MBA EDWIN F. CORTEJO, MSCRIM

Campus Registrar College Dean
________________ ________________
Date Date
47
Appendix 2 Form 2
APPLICATION FOR THESIS TITLE

Appendix 2 January 20, 2021
Date
IMPLEMENTATION OF OPLAN SAGIP AND
ITS EFFECTIVENESS AMONG VOLUNTARY
DRUG SURRENDEREES IN BARANGAY
LAGUILAYAN ISULAN SULTAN KUDARAT _________ _________
Remarks Signature
I am planning to write my thesis outline on April 27, 2021, at SKSU

Tacurong Campus.
Very respectfully yours,
JELYN O. CABRIDO
Students
Recommending Approval:
EDWIN F. CORTEJO, MSCRIM MARLON D. BANGONON, MSCJ

Member Member

Adviser
Endorsed:
MARLON D. BANGONON, MSCJ MARILOU U. PEREZ, MSCRIM

Research Coordinator Program Chairperson
____________ ____________
Approved:

College Dean
____________
Date Signed
48
Appendix 3 Form 3
NOMINATION OF GUIDANCE COMMITTEE

Appendix 3
I, JELYN O. CABRIDO, a student of BS - CRIMINOLOGY hereby
nominate the following as adviser and members of my thesis guidance
committee.

Adviser

Member Member
We, hereby certify our willingness to act as adviser / members of the
guidance committee.

Adviser

Member Member
Endorsed:

______________ _______________
Approved:

College Dean
__________________
Date Signed
49
Appendix 4 Form 4
APPLICATION FOR THESIS OUTLINE DEFENSE

Appendix 4
Name: JELYN O. CABRIDO Course/Major: BS - CRIMINOLOGY
I have the honor to apply for outline defense for my study entitled:
IMPLEMENTATION OF OPLAN SAGIP AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS AMONG
VOLUNTARY DRUG SURRENDEREES IN BARANGAY LAGUILAYAN
ISULAN SULTAN KUDARAT
Time: 9:17 AM – 10:00 AM

Date: APRIL 27, 2021
Venue: Via Google Meet

Member Member
TEFFANY V. DANIEL, MS JAIME BOY U. NGAG Jr., MAT

Statistician English Critic

Adviser
Endorsed: Recommending Approval:

Approved:

College Dean
50
Appendix 5 Form 5
CHANGE OF ADVISER / GUIDANCE COMMITTEE MEMBER

Appendix 5 Change of
Name: JELYN O. CABRIDO Course: BS-CRIMINOLOGY

Major: CRIMINOLOGY
Thesis Title: IMPLEMENTATION OF OPLAN SAGIP AND ITS
EFFECTIVENESS AMONG VOLUNTARY DRUG SURRENDEREES IN
BARANGAY LAGUILAYAN ISULAN SULTAN KUDARAT
APPROVED BY THE GUIDANCE COMMITTEE
JOHN REGNAIR M. CANDADO, MSCJ (CAR) __________ __________

Adviser Signature Date
EDWIN F. CORTEJO, MSCRIM __________ __________

Member Signature Date
MARLON D. BANGONON, MSCJ __________ __________

JAIME BOY U. NGAG Jr., MAT __________ __________

English Critic Signature Date
TEFFANY V. DANIEL, MS __________ __________

Statistician Signature Date

Approved:
EDWIN F. CORTEJO, MSCRIM.

College Dean
51
Appendix 6 Form 6
APPROVAL OF THESIS OUTLINE

Appendix 6
Name: JELYN O. CABRIDO Course/Major: BS-CRIMINOLOGY
Major: CRIMINOLOGY
APPROVED BY THE GUIDANCE COMMITTEE

Adviser Signature Date



Statistician Signature Date

English Critic Signature Date

Approved:

College Dean
52
Appendix 7 Form 7
CERTIFICATION OF STATISTICIAN
Appendix 7
This is to certify that the thesis entitled IMPLEMENTATION OF OPLAN
KUDARAT conducted on July 15 – 22, 2021, authored by JELYN O. CABRIDO
was evaluated/checked by the undersigned as to the statistical analysis and
interpretation.
Issued on this 12th day of September 2021.
TEFFANY V. DANIEL, MS
Statistician
Noted:

College Dean
53
Appendix 8 Form 8
CERTIFICATION OF ENGLISH
Appendix 8 CRITIC
KUDARAT conducted on September 09, 2021 authored by JELYN O. CABRIDO
was edited by the undersigned as to its grammar.
Issued on this 1st day of October 2021.
JAIME BOY U. NGAG Jr., MAT

English Critic
Noted:

College Dean
54
Appendix 9 Form 9
APPLICATION FOR THESIS FINAL DEFENSE EXAMINATION

Appendix 9
Name: JELYN O. CABRIDO Course/Major: BS-CRIMINOLOGY

Major: CRIMINOLOGY
Please write × whether: ( ) First ( ) Second ( )Third

Date: _______________ Time: _________________ Venue: _________
Guidance Committee
Name Signature Date

Adviser

Member

Member

Statistician

English Critic

Approved:

College Dean
____________________
Date
55
Report on the Result of Final Defense
(Action taken by the Guidance Committee. Please indicate whether Passed or
Failed)
Signature Date Remarks
Approved:

College Dean
56
Appendix 10 Form 10
APPLICATION FOR THESIS FINAL PRINTING AND BINDING

Appendix 10
KUDARAT was thoroughly reviewed by the guidance committee and
recommended for final printing and binding.
JAIME BOY U. NGAG Jr., MAT TEFFANY V. DANIEL, MS

English Critic Statistician
______________ ______________

Member Member
______________ ______________
Adviser
_________________
Date Signed
Recommending Approval:

______________ _______________
Approved:

College Dean
____________________
Date Signed
57
Appendix 11 Republic of the Philippines
SULTAN KUDARAT STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Criminal Justice Education
ACCESS, E.J.C., Montilla, Tacurong City
SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE
58
Republic of the Philippines
IMPLEMENTATION OF OPLAN SAGIP AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS OF
AMONG VOLUNTARY DRUG SURRENDEREES IN BARANGAY
LAGUILAYAN ISULAN SULTAN KUDARAT.
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRES
Name: (Optional) _______________________ Age: _____
Sex: _______
Educational Attainment: ______________________
Civil Status: __________________
General Instruction:
The following are the Survey Questionnaires on the Implementation
OPLAN SAGIP. Rate your own answers by putting a check (/) on the
number/indicator which is observed during the implementation of the above
program. Your honest responses would mean a lot in the success of this study.
5 Always
4 Oftentimes
3 Sometimes
2 Seldom
1 Never
59
EXTENT OF THE OPLAN SAGIP AMONG VOLUNTARY DRUG

SURRENDEREE
Faith Based Structure program 5 4 3 2 1

1. The Implementation of the OP take initial assessment that
takes into account the spiritual interests of the client which is
useful in defining the content of the therapeutic counseling
process.
2. The Implementation of the OP teaches the value of spiritual
reflection as content in counseling process among drug
surrenderees.
3. Implementing OP encourages spiritual practice in groups.
4. Oplan Sagip implementations promote self-reflection that
encourage to strengthen their belief in God.
5. The Implementation of the OP help recovering addicts to
find peace through their faith.
Motivational interview 5 4 3 2 1
1. The Implementation of the OP encourage drug
surrenderers to develop a plan for their future.
2. The Implementation of the OP Motivate to change their
perspective in life by setting goals and objectives.
3. The Implementation of the OP teaches us to enlightened
the drug surrenderers between what they are doing and what
they want to do, without the client feeling pressured or
coerced.
4. The Implementation of the OP helps drug surrenderersto
overcome disorders and other chronic condition by means of
motivation.
5. The Implementation of the OP support self-efficacy (give
the client the confidence that they are likely to succeed, but be
realistic and keep goals within reach).
Therapeutic community program 5 4 3 2 1

1. The Implementation of the OP develop new and
improved treatments to help people with substance use
60
disorders to achieve and maintain a meaningful and sustained
recovery.
2. The Implementation of the OP encourage participants to
examine their personal behavior to help them become more
pro-social and to engage in “right living”.
3. The Implementation of the OP participants are aided in
connecting with formal aftercare and self-help groups in the
community.
4. The Implementation of the OP helps us to enhance the
contribution to society connectedness.
5. The Implementation of the OP provide psychosocial
counseling to drug surrenderers affected by drug abuse and
dependence and their families.
Health education and counselling 5 4 3 2 1

1. The Implementation of the OP provide information and
education about drug use and associated harms.
2. The Implementation of the OP engage the drug
surrenderers in a discussion about their substance use. Ask
them to identify the perceived benefits of drug use as well as
the potential harms.
3. The Implementation of the OP helps with the client/patient,
evaluate the positive and negative effects of substances.
4. The Implementation of the OP provides advice to drug
surrenderees in terms of treatment.
5. The Implementation of the OP assists the drug surenderees
in the development of their educational plans or choices.
EFFECTIVENESS OF OPLAN SAGIP AMONG VOLUNTARY DRUG

SURRENDEREES
Spiritual aspect 5 4 3 2 1
61
1. The Implementation of Oplan Sagip helps and influences Individuals
recovering from addictions.
2. The Implementation of the OP help the drug surrenderers learn
more about their faith and get involved with religious activities.
3. The Implementation of the OP teaches drug surrenderers advocate
a human life and dignity, and the belief that people deserve second
chances.
4. The Implementation of the OP helps the surrenderees conveyed the
need for a spiritual resource that would serve as an addition or an
alternative to traditional church services
5. The Implementation of the OP helps drug surrenderers understands
the importance of spiritual aspects of human functioning.
Sociological aspect 5 4 3 2 1
1. The Implementation of the OP build a healthier self-confident by
becoming involved with activities that do not include drug use.
2. The Implementation of the OP develops social bonds to families.
3. The Implementation of the OP develops social bonds to peers.
4. The Implementation of the OP build a healthier relationship with
other people.
5. The Implementation of the OP teach us to learned to contemplate
the meaning of life and appreciate the people around.
Health aspect 5 4 3 2 1
1. The Implementation of the OP developed physical fitness routine
after surrendered.
2. The Implementation of the OP engage us physical activities that
helps to develop healthy lifestyle.
3. The Implementation of the OP participate in different exercises that
benefits physical fitness.
4. The Implementation of the OP decreases the risk
of problems related to their well-being and health.
5. The Implementation of the OP helps to understand that Drug

62
abuse, especially over an extended period, can have numerous long-
term health effects.
Appendix
63
Appendix 12
10 double spaces
PICTORIALS AND SCREENSHOTS

Appendix 12
64
Appendix 13
10 double spaces
SOURCE
AppendCODE
65
Appendix 14
DVD
Append
66

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BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

BS CRIM Res. No. ____

SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

The thesis attached hereto entitled “IMPLEMENTATION OF OPLAN

JOHN REGNAIR M. CANDADO, MSCJ (CAR) MARILOU U. PEREZ, MSCRIM

MARLON D. BANGONON, MSCJ

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

EDWIN F. CORTEJO, MSCRIM

The thesis attached hereto entitled “IMPLEMENTATION OF OPLAN

MARLON D. BANGONON, MSCJ EDWIN F. CORTEJO, MSCRIM

JOHN REGNAIR M. CANDADO, MSCJ (CAR)

Approved as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

MARILOU U. PEREZ, MSCRIM MARLON D. BANGONON, MSCJ

EDWIN F. CORTEJO, MSCRIM

Isulan, Sultan Kudarat.

She completed her Elementary Education from Laguilayan Central

from Laguilayan National High School in the year 2014.

University of Southern Mindanao with a degree of Bachelor of Arts Major in

shift her course from Bachelor of Arts Major in Psychology to Bachelor of

degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology.

remarkable endeavor in bringing this research into completion.

First, to my family for unending love, understanding and support especially

on financial aspects concerning to this study.

JOHN REGNAIR M. CANDADO, MSCJ (CAR), the researcher’s adviser,

paperwork from outline to final manuscript;

data and interpreting the results;

grammar that leads to the development of this study.

SIR MARLON M. BANGONON, MSCJ, AND SIR EDWIN F. CORTEJO,

JAYVERS L. ALCANO, her ever supportive special friend who always

there for her in good times and in bad times.

To all her friends and classmates REA BONDAD, RENALYN ALION,

JEROM PALANAS, JODEHMN TANATE, VINCENT REY LUTERO, AND

for sharing their ideas.

To everyone thank you and God bless us all!

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 9

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY 27

CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 30

CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION 41

JELYN O. CABRIDO, AUGUST 2021. “IMPLEMENTATION OF OPLAN SAGIP

ADVISER: JOHN REGNAIR M. CANDADO, MSCJ (CAR)

The study used the simple mean, frequency and percentage to

determine the extent of implementation of oplan sagip among voluntary drug

surrenderees in terms of Faith based structure program, Motivational interview,

Therapeutic community program and Health education and counseling. The

implementation in terms of motivational interview was described as highly

The respondents perceived that the Oplan Sagip helped enhance

were highly implemented resulting to a highly implemented overall

drug use and its associated harms.

Background of the Study

President Rodrigo Duterte’s war on drugs has as its centerpiece Oplan

police who went door to door in communities, knocking on doors of suspected

resulted in 1,179,462 surrenderees (Bueza, 2017).

As a counterpoint to Oplan Tokhang, the Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB)

The directive of DDB to provide drug treatment interventions at the

a medical problem, a psychological problem, and a social problem (Skewes &

However, today, the consensus appears to be that drug dependence is a

multifaceted health disorder problem caused by biological, psychological,

was a shift in how it should be treated. Traditional perspectives on drug use

utilized a retributive or punitive justice perspective that views offenses as a

violation of the law and focuses on giving commensurate punishment. On the

other hand, a restorative or reformative justice perspective views the offenses