Review of Design,

Construction & Test

Commissioning for
Operation Facilities
Dr. Eng. Ahmad Sugiana
Noviar Arman Haris, Meng. MIRSE
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1. Overview of Signaling &
Telecommunication System

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 Railway Systems
 Signaling System
 Telecommunication System

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 Essential Elements:
• Infrastructure (track work, signaling syste
m, stations, electrified lines)
• Rolling stock (cars, locomotives)
• System of operating rules and procedures
for a safe and efficient operation (“softwa
re” of a railway)
 Classification of Railway Systems:
• (Pach, 2009)
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 Signaling System

Basic Concept
History
Why We need New Signaling
Classification

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 Basic Concept

(Cunliffe, 1968)
Primary Objective: Safety
Extended Applications:
• Increase in speed
• Greater line capacity
• Improved control and economy of train
operating (consolidation of interlocking, remote
control, optimum of use of trackage)
• Automation of marshaling yards,
• Automatic train control
• Important smaller installation (aws, etc) 8
 (Pearson, 2010)
• Role of rail signaling within the r
ailway system
• Principles of safety and high int
egrity systems
• Functions and characteristics of
line-side signaling elements
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 Role of rail signaling within the railway system

• Historical landmarks for signaling: history of railway operations

ex hand control of movements, space interval, block system; sig
nals ex fixed, color light, multiple aspect; multiple train moveme
nt; impact of speed.
• Purpose and scope of a signaling system:detection & separation
of trains, use of points, route-setting, signal formation and per
manent way ex interface between ballast, track, traction system
s (electrification – catenary, third rail), train braking systems; sig
naling and control methods ex staff and competence, rules and
regulations (control of train movements), capacity planning (hea
dway, basis of timetable); signaling and external interfaces ex le
vel crossings, other infrastructure owners.
• Man-machine interface: the driver and signaler interface, warnin
g and advisory systems ex advanced warning system (AWS), trai
n protection warning system (TPWS), automatic train protection
(ATP), accidents and preventive measures, automation.
• Main line-side elements: ex control cabinets, signal posts/gantri
es, ground signals, route displays (feathers, theatre boxes),
power systems, illumination systems/lamps 10
 Principles of safety and
high integrity systems
• Signaling system lifecycles: design, construction,
commissioning, life span of equipment, maintenance,
repair, operation; decommissioning.
• High-integrity systems: principles ex fail-safe, wrong
-side, right-side, failures, resilience, graceful degrad
-ation, components of signaling system ex control cir
cuitry (logic control and computing systems), lamps/
bulbs, relays.
• Application of principles throughout lifecycle: reliability
, availability, maintainability and safety (RAMS), conc
ept of redundancy, inherent safety characteristics, in
dependent checks.
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 Functions and characteristics of
line-side signaling elements
• Function of elements: relationship between
points, signals, train detection, communicatio
ns and power, interfacing with signaler and
driver.
• Consequences of failure/incorrect commission
ing: concepts of protected and unprotected
failures; concept of as low as reasonably pra
cticable (ALARP).
• Risks and mitigation: design and construction
features; testing and commissioning; preventi
ve maintenance. 12
 History of signaling system

In Indonesia

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 Why We Ned New Signalling
• Capacity Increase
• Safety Improvement
• Better Punctuality
• M&O Cost Reduction
• Obsolescence Management
• Interoperability
(Parson, 2009)

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 Classification

• Interlocking System

• Train Control System

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Interlocking System
(Pachl, 2009)
 Definition: “an arrangement of points and signals
interconnected in a proper & safe sequence”.
Signal Arrangements:
• Interlocking Limits (North American Practice)
• Stations Limits (Older British Practice)
• Home Signal Limits (German Practice)
Components
• Interlocking Devices
• Switch
• Point
• Train Detection*
• Block System*
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Interlocking Limits (North American
Practice)

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Stations Limits (Older British Practice)

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Home Signal Limits (German Practice)

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Interlocking Device
• Relay based Interlocking (NX, GL1, MIS 801,
etc.)
• PLC based Interlocking (AllisterCargo,
Ansaldo, SIL02,etc.)
• Computer based Interlocking/ CBI (VPI,SSI,
etc.)

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Block System
(Pachl, 2009)
• The purpose of block systems is to
ensure a safe train separation on lines
with fixed block section.
• A block system consists of signaling
appliances and appropriate operating
procedures.
• There are two basic kinds of block
systems: manual and automatic 21
Spacing Train
(Pachl, 2009)
Three basic theoretical principles of
train separation:
• In relative braking distance
• In absolute braking distance
• In fixed blocked distance

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Train Separation in Relative Braking
Distance

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Train Separation in Absolute Braking
Distance

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Train Separation in Fixed Block Distance

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 Train Control System
Classification
• Automatic Train Protection (ATP)
• Automatic Train Operation (ATO)
• Automatic Train Supervision (ATS)
 Evolution Train Control System (Morar,
2012):
• 1st Generation (Intermittent ATP)
• 2nd Generation (Continuous ATP & ATO)
• 3rd Generation (Continuous ATP & ATO
with increased data transmission)
• 4th Generation (CBTC)
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 Evolution of Train Control System

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1st Generation
 Architectures:
• Track Circuit for train detection
• Wayside Signals for Movement Authority
• Trip Stops for enforcing train stop (Intermittent ATP)
Implementation: many major lines around the world.

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2nd Generation

Architectures:
• Track Circuit for train detection
• In-cab Signals for Movement Authority
• Continuous ATP
• Automatic Train Operation
Implementation: Washington (WMATA), Atlanta (MARTA)
and San Francisco (BART) systems in the USA, the London
Underground’s Victoria Line, and the initial rail lines in Hong Kong
and Singapore.
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3rd Generation

Architectures:
• Track Circuit for train detection
• In-cab Signals for Movement Authority
• Continuous ATP with increased data transmission
• Automatic Train Operation (
Implementation: RER Line A Paris, Mexico, Hong Kong,
Santiago (Chile), San Juan (Puerto Rico), Los Angeles Metro
Green Line, Copenhagen Metro, Shanghai Metro Line 2, Beijing
Metro Line 5 and Madrid Metro.
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4th Generation (CBTC)
 Architecture:
The use of technology other then track
circuits for continuous data communications.
Primary train location detection is
independent of track circuits that provides
more precise method of determining train
location.
The use of computers to continuously
process information.
Similar Architectures: PTC,
ERTMS/ETCS, CTCS, KRTCS, ATACS
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CBTC systems
4 major subsystems:
• ATS Equipment, Wayside Equipment, Train-borne Equipment,
Data Communications Equipment

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Grade of Automation

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 Telecommunication System

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 • PABX
• Public Address
Voice
Demand • Etc.

• Signaling
• Ticketing
Data
Demand • Etc.

• PIDS
• CCTV
Image/ Video
Demand • Etc

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 Backbone Network System
• Optical Network (common practical backbone)
• No issue
• Priority layer can be made according to types of a
pplication (critical data such as signaling, general d
ata, optional data and etc.)

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 Communication System for Operation

• Digital Trunking
• Tetra or DMR, etc.
• Frequency issue (license)

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 General Communication System
• PABX
• Public Address
• PIDS
• CCTV
• Etc.

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2. Design of Signaling & Telecom System

Noviar Arman Haris, Meng. MIRSE

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Thank you!