Fiber Fineness

By: Amarjeet Kumar

20110008
Fiber Fineness
• The fineness determine how many fibers are present in
the cross-section of a yarn of given thickness.
• Additional fibers in the cross section provide not only
additional strength but also a better distribution in the yarn.
• Minimum 30 fibers are needed in the yarn cross section
but there are usually over 100.

the micropores in the yarn: (a) low fiber fineness/low packing density,
(b) high fiber fineness/high packing density
 Fiber fineness influences primarily
• Spinning limit
• Yarn strength
• Yarn evenness
• Yarn fullness
• Drape of the fabric
• Luster, handle
• Productivity of the process
Why fiber fineness is so important?
 It is important due to the following factors:
1. It affects stiffness of the fabric.
fiber fineness increases  resistance to bending decreases
• It means the fabric made from yarn of fine fiber stiff in feel.
Why fiber fineness is so important?
 It is important due to the following factors:
2. Reflection of light
• Finer fiber also determine the luster of the fabric.
• Because there are so many number of fiber per unit area
that they produce a soft sheen.

Figure: Light is incident upon the fiber along: (A) the longitudinal direction
(B) the transverse direction
Why fiber fineness is so important?
 It is important due to the following factors:
3. It affects torsional rigidity of the yarn,
• Torsional rigidity means ability to twist.
• Fiber fineness increases, torsional rigidity of the yarn
reduces proportionally.
• In fine fiber, the number of surfaces are more so cohesion
due to friction is higher.
• So finer fibers leads to less amount of twist because of
same increased fore of friction.
 Specification of fineness
Fineness specified by the relation of mass (weight) to length.

tex = mass(g)/length(km)
or dtex = mass(dg)/length(km)

• For synthetic fibers  dtex is used

• For cotton  micronaire value is used

Dtex = micronaire x 0.394