Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi

Ahmed Raza Khan, commonly known as Ala Hazrat or Ahmed

A'lahazrat
Raza Khan Barelvi or Ahmed Rida Khan in Arabic, (14 June
1856 CE or 10 Shawwal 1272 AH – 28 October 1921 CE or 25 Ahmed Raza Khan
Safar 1340 AH), was an Islamic scholar, jurist, theologian, ascetic,
Sufi, Urdu poet, and reformer in British India.[3] Raza Khan wrote
on law, religion, philosophy and the sciences. He became the
leader of the Barelvi in South Asia and influenced millions of
people.[4]

Contents
Biography Personal
Family Born 14 June 1856[1]
Teachers Bareilly, North-
Spiritual order Western
Revival movement Provinces, British
Death India

Works Died 28 October 1921

Kanzul Iman (translation of the Qur'an) (aged 65)
Husamul Haramain Bareilly, United
Provinces, British
Fatawa Razawiyyah
India
Hadaikh-e-Bakhshish
Other notable works Resting place Bareilly Sharif
Dargah, Bareilly,
Beliefs
Uttar Pradesh
Fatwas
Religion Islam
Ahmadiyyah
Deobandis Nationality Indian

Shia Spouse Irshad Begum

Wahabi Movement Children Hamid Raza Khan
Permissibility of currency notes Mustafa Raza
Political views Khan
Legacy Mustafai Begum
Recognition Parents Naqi Ali Khan
Societal influence (father)
Spiritual successors
Hussaini Khanum
Educational influence
(mother)
See also
Citizenship British Indian
References
Ethnicity Pashtun
Further reading Era Modern era
External links Region South Asia
Denomination Sunni
Jurisprudence Hanafi[2]
Biography
Creed Maturidi
Movement Barelvi
Family
Main Islamic theology,
Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi's father, Naqi Ali Khan, was the son of interest(s) Hadith, Tafsir, Fiqh
Raza Ali Khan.[5][6][7] Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi belonged to the jurisprudence,
Barech tribe of Pushtuns.[6] The Barech formed a tribal grouping Urdu poetry,
among the Rohilla Pushtuns of North India who founded the state Tasawwuf,
of Rohilkhand. Khan's ancestors migrated from Qandahar during Science,
the Mughal rule and settled in Lahore.[5][6] Philosophy,
Phycology,
Khan was born on 14 June 1856 in Mohallah Jasoli, Bareilly, the Astronomy
North-Western Provinces. The name corresponding to the year of
his birth was "Al Mukhtaar". His birth name was Muhammad.[8] Tariqa Qadri
Khan used the appellation "Abdul Mustafa" ("servant of the Muslim leader
chosen one") prior to signing his name in correspondence.[9] Successor Hamid Raza Khan
Influenced by
Teachers Abu Hanifa
Abdul Qadir Jilani
According to Masud Ahmad, Khan’s teachers were:[10] Moinuddin Chishti
Nizamuddin Auliya
Shah AI-i-Rasul (d. 1297/1879)
Jalaluddin Suyuti
Naqi Ali Khan (d. 1297/1880)
Ahmad Zayni Dahlan Makki (d. 1299/1881)
Abd al-Rahman Siraj Makki (d. 1301/1883)
Hussayn bin Saleh (d. 1302/1884)
Abul-Hussayn Ahmad Al-Nuri (d. 1324/1906)
'Abd al-Ali Rampuri (d. 1303/1885)

Spiritual order

In the year 1294 A.H. (1877), at the age of 22 years, Ahmed Raza became the Mureed (disciple) of , Shah
Aale Rasool Marehrawi. His Murshid bestowed him with Khilafat in the several Sufi Silsilas. Some Islamic
scholars received permission from him to work under his guidance.[11][12]

Revival movement

Imam Ahmed Raza wrote extensively in defense of his views, countered the Wahabism and Deobandi
movements, and, by his writing and activity, founded the Barelvi movement.[13][14]The movement is
spread across the globe with followers in Pakistan, India, South Africa[4] and Bangladesh.[15] The
movement now has over 200 million followers globally.[4] The movement was largely a rural phenomenon
when begun but is currently popular among urban, educated Pakistanis and Indians as well as South Asian
diaspora throughout the world.[16]
The efforts of Khan and his associate scholars to establish a
movement to counter the Deobandi and Ahl-i Hadith movements
resulted to in the institutionalization of diverse Sufi movements and
their allies in various parts of the world.[17]

Death

Imam Ahmed Raza Khan died on 28 October 1921 (25 Safar 1340
AH) at the age of 65, in his home at Bareilly.[18] He is buried in
his hometown of Bareilly.

Works
Imam Ahmed Raza Khan wrote several hundred books in Arabic,
Persian and Urdu, including the thirty-volume fatwa compilation
Fatawa Razaviyya, and Kanzul Iman (Translation & Explanation
of the Qur'an). Several of his books have been translated into
European and South Asian languages.[19][20]

Kanzul Iman (translation of the Qur'an) Khan's grave in Bareilly

Kanzul Iman (Urdu and Arabic: ‫ )ﮐﻨﺰاﻻﯾﻤﺎن‬is a 1910 Urdu

paraphrase translation of the Qur'an by Khan. It is not associated with the Hanafi jurisprudence within
Sunni Islam,[19] and is a widely read version of translation in the Indian Subcontinent. It has been translated
into English, Hindi, Bengali, Dutch, Turkish, Sindhi, Gujarati, Pashto and also recently translated in Gojri
language by Mufti Nazir Ahmed Qadri.[20]

Husamul Haramain

Husamul Haramain or Husam al Harmain Ala Munhir kufr wal myvan (The Sword of the Haramayn at
the throat of unbelief and falsehood) 1906, is a treatise which declared infidels the founders of the
Deobandi, Ahl-i Hadith and Ahmadiyya movements on the basis that they did not have the proper
veneration of the Prophet Muhammad and finality of Prophethood in their writings.[21][22][23][24] In
defense of his verdict he obtained confirmatory signatures from 268 scholars in South Asia, and some from
scholars in Mecca and Medina. The treatise is published in Arabic, Urdu, English, Turkish and Hindi.[25]

Fatawa Razawiyyah

Fatawa-e-Razvia or the full name Al Ataya fi-Nabaviah Fatwa Razaviah (translates to Verdicts of Imam
Ahmed Raza by the blessings of the Prophet pbuh) is the main fatwa (Islamic verdicts on various issues)
book of his movement.[26][27] It has been published in 30 volumes and in approx. 22,000 pages. It contains
solution to daily problems from religion to business and from war to marriage.[28][29]

Hadaikh-e-Bakhshish
He wrote devotional poetry in praise of the Prophet Muhammad and always discussed him in the present
tense.[30] His main book of poetry is Hadaikh-e-Bakhshish.[31] His poems, which deal for the most part
with the qualities of the Prophet, often have a simplicity and directness.[32] They reportedly created a
favorable climate for na'at writing.[33] His Urdu couplets, entitled Mustafa jaane rahmat pe lakhon salaam
(Millions of salutations on Mustafa, the Paragon of mercy), are read in movements mosques. They contain
praise of the Prophet, his physical appearance (verses 33 to 80), his life and times, praise of his family and
companions, praise of the awliya and saleheen (the saints and the pious).[34][35] His poems, and Naat Nabi
(https://786naatlyrics.blogspot.com/) his lyrics

Other notable works

His other works include:[36][20]

Al Daulatul Makkiya Bil Madatul Ghaibiya

Al Mu'tamadul Mustanad
Al Amn o wal Ula
Alkaukabatush Shahabiya
Al Istimdaad
Al Fuyoozul Makkiyah
Al Meeladun Nabawiyyah
Fauze Mubeen Dar Radd-E-Harkate Zameen
Subhaanus Subooh
Sallus Say yaaful Hindiya
Ahkaam-e-Shariat
Az Zubdatuz Zakkiya
Abna ul Mustafa
Tamheed-e-Imaan
Angotthe Choomne ka Masla

Beliefs
Khan saw an intellectual and moral decline of Muslims in British India.[37] His movement was a mass
movement, defending popular Sufism, which grew in response to the influence of the Deobandi movement
in South Asia and the Wahhabi movement elsewhere.[38]

Imam Ahmed Raza Khan supported Tawassul, Mawlid, the prophet Muhammad's awareness of complete
knowledge of the unseen, and other practices which were opposed by Salafis and Deobandis.[30][39][40]

In this context he supported the following beliefs:

Prophet Muhammad, although is insan-e-kamil (the perfect human), possessed a nūr (light)
that predates creation. This contrasts with the Deobandi view that Muhammad, was only a
insan-e-kamil, a respected but physically typical human just like other humans.[41][42]
Prophet Muhammad is haazir naazir (Haazir-o-Naazir on the deeds of his Ummah) which
means that prophet views and witnesses actions of his people.[43]
This concept was interpreted by Shah Abdul Aziz in Tafsir Azizi in these words: The Prophet is observing
everybody, knows their good and bad deeds, and knows the strength of faith (Imaan) of every individual
Muslim and what has hindered his spiritual progress.[44]

We do not hold that anyone can equal the knowledge of Allah Most High, or possess it
independently, nor do we assert that Allah's giving of knowledge to the Prophet (Allah bless
him and give him peace) is anything but a part. But what a patent and tremendous difference
between one part [the Prophet's] and another [anyone else's]: like the difference between the
sky and the earth, or rather even greater and more immense.

— Ahmed Raza Khan, al-Dawla al-Makkiyya (c00), 291.

He reached judgments with regard to certain practices and faith in his book Fatawa-e-Razvia,
including:[18][45] [46]

Islamic Law is the ultimate law and following it is obligatory for all Muslims;
To refrain from Bid'ah is essential;
It is impermissible to imitate the Kuffar, to mingle with the misguided [and heretics] and to
participate in their festivals.

Fatwas

Ahmadiyyah

Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian claimed to be the Messiah and Mahdi awaited by some Muslims as well
as a Ummati Nabi, a subordinate prophet to Muhammad who came to restore Islam to the pristine form as
practiced by Muhammad and early Sahaba.[47][48] Khan declared Mirza Ghulam Ahmad a heretic and
apostate and called him and his followers disbelievers (kuffar).[49]

Deobandis

The theological difference with Deobandi school begun when Maulana Ahmed Raza Khan Qadri objected
in writing to some of the following beliefs of Deobandi scholars.

A founder of the Deobandi movement, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi stated that God has the
ability to lie.[50] This doctrine is called Imkan-i Kizb.[51][50] According to this doctrine,
because God is omnipotent, God is capable of lying.[51] Gangohi supported the doctrine that
God has the ability to make additional prophets after Muhammad (Imkan-i Nazir) and other
prophets equal to Muhammad.[51][50]
He opposed the doctrine that Muhammad has knowledge of the unseen (Ilm e Ghaib).[50][51]

When Ahmed Raza Khan visited Mecca and Medina for pilgrimage in 1905, he prepared a draft document
entitled Al Motamad Al Mustanad ("The Reliable Proofs"). In this work, Ahmad Raza branded Deobandi
leaders such as Ashraf Ali Thanwi, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, and Muhammad Qasim Nanotwi and those
who followed them as kuffar. Khan collected scholarly opinions in the Hejaz and compiled them in an
Arabic language compendium with the title, Husam al Harmain ("The Sword of Two Sanctuaries"), a
work containing 34 verdicts from 33 ulama (20 Meccan and 13 Medinese).[52]
 Not only did Ahmad Raza Khan obtain confirmatory signatures from other scholars in the
subcontinent, he managed to get agreement from a number of prominent ulama in Mecca. That
occurred in the first years of the twentieth century—long before the Al-Saud and their
Wahhabi allies got control of the Haramayn.[53] The feat was, nevertheless, stunning. The
antipathy of the Deobandis toward the Ahl-i Sunnah on the emotional level becomes more
comprehensible when Ahmad Riza's fatwa receives a full explication.[54]

This work initiated a reciprocal series of fatwas between Ahle Sunnat (Barelvis) and Deobandis lasting to
the present.[52]

Shia

Imam Ahmed Raza Khan wrote various books against beliefs and faith of Shia Muslims and declared
various practices of Shia as kufr.[55] Most Shiites of his day were apostates because, he believed, they
repudiated necessities of religion.[56][57]

Wahabi Movement

Imam Ahmed Raza Khan declared Wahabis as disbelievers (kuffar) and collected many fatwas of various
scholars against the Wahabbi movement founded by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, who was
predominant in the Arabian peninsula, just as he had done with the Ahmadis and Deobandis. Until this day,
Khan's followers remain opposed to the Wahabi and their beliefs.[58]

Permissibility of currency notes

In 1905, Khan, on the request of contemporaries from Hijaz, wrote a verdict on the permissibility of using
paper as a form of currency, entitled Kifl-ul-Faqeehil fehim Fe Ahkam-e-Kirtas Drahim.[59]

Political views
Unlike other Muslim leaders in the region at the time, Khan and his movement opposed the Indian
independence movement due to its leadership under Mahatma Gandhi, who was not a Muslim.[60]

Imam Ahmed Raza Khan declared that India was Dar al-Islam and that Muslims enjoyed religious freedom
there. According to him, those arguing the contrary merely wanted to take advantage of the provisions
allowing Muslims living under non-Muslim rule to collect interest from commercial transactions and had no
desire to fight Jihad or perform Hijra.[61] Therefore, he opposed labelling British India to be Dar al-Harb
("abode of war"), which meant that waging holy war against and migrating from India were inadmissible as
they would cause disaster to the community. This view of Khan's was similar to other reformers Syed
Ahmed Khan and Ubaidullah Al Ubaidi Suhrawardy.[62]

The Muslim League mobilized the Muslim masses to campaign for Pakistan,[63] and many of Khan's
followers played a significant and active role in the Pakistan Movement at educational and political
fronts.[11]

Legacy
Many religious schools, organizations, and research institutions teach Khan's ideas, which emphasize the
primacy of Islamic law over adherence to Sufi practices and personal devotion to the prophet
Muhammad.[64]

Recognition
On 21 June 2010, Muhammad al-Yaqoubi, a cleric and Sufi from Syria, declared on Takbeer
TV's programme Sunni Talk that the Mujaddid of the Indian subcontinent was Ahmed Raza
Khan Barelvi, and said that a follower of Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah can be identified by his
love of Khan and that those outside of that those outside the Ahlus Sunnah are identified by
their attacks on him.[65]
'Ali bin Hassan Maliki, Mufti of Mecca, called Khan the encyclopedia of all religious
sciences.[18]
Allama Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938), a poet, Sufi and philosopher, said: "I have carefully
studied the decrees of Ahmed Raza and thereby formed this opinion; and his Fatawa bear
testimony to his acumen, intellectual caliber, the quality of his creative thinking, his excellent
jurisdiction and his ocean-like Islamic knowledge. Once Imam Ahmed Raza forms an
opinion he stays firm on it; he expresses his opinion after a sober reflection. Therefore, the
need never arises to withdraw any of his religious decrees and judgments.[66] In another
place he says, "Such a genius and intelligent jurist did not emerge."[67]
Prof. Sir Ziauddin Ahmad, who was the head of department of Mathematics at Aligarh
University, was once unable to find solutions to some mathematic algorithms, even after he
took help from the mathematicians abroad. On the request of his friend who was also the
mureed (disciple) of Ahmed Raza, Ziauddin visited Ahmed Raza on special visit to get
answers to his difficult questions, and under guidance of Ahmed Raza he finally succeeded
in its solutions.[68]
Justice Naeemud'deen, Supreme Court of Pakistan: "Maulana Ahmad Raza's grand
personality, a representation of our most esteem ancestors, is history making, and a history
uni-central in his self. ... You may estimate his high status from the fact that he spent all his
lifetime in expressing the praise of the great and auspicious Holy Prophet (sallal laahu alaihi
wasallam), in defending his veneration, in delivering speeches regarding his unique
conduct, and in promoting and spreading the Law of Shariah which was revealed upon him
for the entire humanity of all times. His renowned name is 'Muhammad' (sallal laahu alaihi
wasallam), the Prophet of Almighty Allah. ... The valuable books written by a encyclopedic
scholar like Ahmed Raza, in my view, are the lamps of light which will keep enlightened and
radiant the hearts and minds of the men of knowledge and insight for a long time."[69]

Societal influence
Ala Hazrat Express is an express train belonging to Indian Railways that runs between
Bareilly and Bhuj in India.[70]
The Indian government issued a commemorative postal stamp in honour of Ahmad Raza
Khan on 31 December 1995.[71][72]
Aala Hazrat Haj House Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
Aala Hazrat Hospital Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
Ala Hazrat Terminal, Bareilly Airport, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh.
Raza Academy

Spiritual successors
Imam Ahmed Raza Khan had two sons and five daughters. His sons Hamid Raza Khan and Mustafa Raza
Khan Qadri are celebrated scholars of Islam. Hamid Raza Khan was his appointed successor. After him
Mustafa Raza Khan succeeded his father, who then appointed Akhtar Raza Khan as his successor. His son,
Mufti Asjad Raza Khan now succeeds him as the spiritual leader.[73] He had many disciples and
successors, including 30 in the Indian subcontinent and 35 elsewhere.[74] The following scholars are his
notable successors:[75]

Hamid Raza Khan (d. 1875/1943)

Mustafa Raza Khan (d. 1892/1981)
Amjad Ali Aazmi (d. 1882/1948)
Muhammad Abdul Aleem Siddiqi
Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi
Zafaruddin Bihari (d. 1886/1962) [76]
Abul Muhamid al-Ashrafi al-Jilani (d. 1894/1961)[77]
Hasmat Ali Khan (d. 1901/1960)[78]
Maulana Ziauddin Madani (d. 1877/1981)

Educational influence
Al Jamiatul Ashrafia is the main educational institute and learning centre that provides Islam
education.
Raza Academy publishing house in Mumbai
Imam Ahmed Raza Academy Durban, South Africa

See also
Dargah-e-Ala Hazrat
Hassan Raza Khan
Asjad Raza Khan
Hamid Raza Khan
Akhtar Raza Khan
Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi
Mustafa Raza Khan
Qamaruzzaman Azmi
Raza Academy
Amjad Ali Aazmi

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Further reading
 Prof. Dr. Masud Ahmad, NEGLECTED GENIUS OF THE EAST (https://www.razanw.org/dat
a/13-English/13B-Books_on_Alahazrat/Neglected_Genious.pdf)
Baraka, A. (2003). A Saviour in a Dark World (Article). The Islamic Times, March 2003.
Stockport, UK: Raza Academy.
Haroon, Muhammad. (1994). The World Importance of Imam Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi (htt
ps://books.google.com/books?id=uiqiNwAACAAJ). Stockport, UK: Raza Academy.
ISBN 9781873204122
Imam, Muhammad Hassan. (2005). The Role of the Khulafa-e-Imam Ahmed Raza Khan in
Pakistan Movement 1920–1947. Diss. Karachi: University of Karachi (https://web.archive.or
g/web/20150629110259/http://eprints.hec.gov.pk/2317/1/2172.htm).
Azimbadi, Badr. (2005).Great Personalities in Islam. Adam Publishers.

External links
Full Profile (https://www.razanw.org/data/13-English/13B-Books_on_Alahazrat/Neglected_G
enious.pdf)
English books of Imam Ahmed Raza Qadri (https://www.alahazratnetwork.org/download-cat
egory/english/)
Full Biography of Ala Hazrat in Urdu (https://archive.org/details/SawanehAlaHazrat)
Translated verdicts (fatawas) of Ala Hazrat (https://ridawiyyah.com/tag/fatawa-ridawiyyah/)
Official website of Dargah Imam Ahmad Raza (https://www.ala-hazrat.com/)

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