TEST 31

Question 1. A. interpret B. accomplish C. indicate D. production

Question 2. A. appeal B. knowledge C. victim D. effort
Question 3. A. through B. outlook C. account D. amount
Question 4. A. maps B. worms C. allows D. drives

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
questions.
Laws are rules that a society makes to maintain order and keep citizens and their possessions safe. Most countries have thousands
of laws that are enforced by police officers with the help of court systems.
Laws today are based on those of earlier societies. Ancient Egypt had laws in 3000 B.C. They were based on common sense views
of right and wrong. All people were equal under the law. When a person broke the law, their punishment could be as simple as returning a
stolen item or as severe as lashings from a whip. Sometimes, a person’s entire family could be punished for their crimes.
Later, there was the Code of Hammurabi from the land of Babylon. It was the first written code of law in history and was created
in 1772 B.C. It included 282 laws in total. This is where we get the phrase, “an eye for an eye” as that was a punishment. There were laws
about rewards for returning slaves to owners, laws about marriage, laws about compensation for theft and loss, and laws about
responsibility if a house collapsed. These laws were originally written on giant stone tablets. Some tablets still exist and are kept in the
Louvre Museum.
Later, the Romans created their first legal text, the Law of the Twelve Tables, in the mid-5th century B.C. These laws were mostly
civil, meaning they were private laws about how citizens interacted. That meant Romans focused on laws about property and possession.
These laws were so well formed that they have affected lawyers ever since.
Without these ancient examples, our modern laws would be very different. We have many laws today, and new ones are still being
created by governments. Sometimes, governments change past laws as well. In the early 20th century, the government banned alcohol in the U.S.
Later, the government made alcohol legal and set a drinking age. This is just one example of how laws can be changed.
(Adapted from Subject Link 8 for Reading'')
Question 05. The word “they” in paragraph 4 refers to_________.
A. Roman laws B. Roman lawyers C. Roman citizens D. property and possession
Question 06. What can be inferred about the punishments for breaking laws in ancient Egypt?
A. The family of the victim picked the punishment. B. They varied based on the law broken.
C. Stealing something was the most serious crime. D. The punishment was chosen by the guilty person.
Question 07. The word entire in the passage is closest in meaning to_________.
A. possible B. limited C. whole D. huge
Question 08. Which is NOT true about ancient Roman laws?
A. Many laws were about how people interacted. B. Ancient Roman laws were not very concerned with property.
C. Modern lawyers are influenced by Roman laws. D. The Law of the Twelve Tables was the Romans’ first legal text.
Question 09. The main purpose of the second paragraph is to_________.
A. discuss how Egyptian laws were written. B. explain how laws were used in ancient Egypt.
C. introduce Egyptian family laws. D. show which Egyptian laws still exist today.
Question 10. When was the Law of the Twelve Tables written?
A. before 3000 B.C. B. in the mid-5th century B.C. C. in 1772 B.C. D. in the 20th century.
Question 11. Why does the author mention the law about banning alcohol in the U.S?
A. to confirm that drinking alcohol can be illegal. B. to illustrate that laws can be made different.
C. to explain that laws can be unnecessary. D. to argue that laws can change drinking age.
Question 12. What is the passage mainly about?
A. how laws have changed since ancient time. B. why today’s laws are the same as ancient laws.
C. who wrote down laws in ancient Rome. D. how ancient punishments were better than modern punishments.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of
the following questions.
Question 13. I threw his T-shirt back in his face, got back in my car, and drove home like a bat out of hell, screaming the whole way.
A. very slowly B. very emotionally C. very carefully D. very speedily
Question 14. If you do not include a transcrip-t of your academic record, your application will be automatically rejected.
A. accepted B. opposed C. condemned D. objected

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 15.: If the technology _______ available, we would be able to expand the business.
A. would become B. had become C. became D. were become
Question 16: I set my parents’s _______ on edge because  I hadn't told them about the accident.
A. hand B. leg C. teeth D. head
Question 17: I’m sorry but I assure you that I had no intention _______ offending you.
A. in B. of C. to D. for
Question 18: We truly respected our father and always _______ by his rule.
A. submitted B. obeyed C. complied D. abode
Question 19: The wine had made him a little _______ and couldn't control his movement.
A. light-handed B. light-headed C. light-footed D. light-hearted
Question 20: The United States is _______ world's biggest consumer of energy.
A. the B. a C. an D. Ø (no article)
Question 21: I don't think that everyone likes this color, _______?
A. don't I B. do I C. don't they D. do they

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Question 22: _______ our children may be, we cannot go picnic in this weather.
A. Though excited B. Excited as C. Because of excitement D. Exciting
Question 23: The party leader travelled the length and _______ of the country in an attempt to spread message.
A. width B. distance C. diameter D. breadth
Question 24: Once _______ in the UK, the book will definitely win a number of awards in regional book fairs.
A. is published B. having published C. published D. publishing
Question 25: ________ people have dropped out of school early and have still been very successful in their careers.
A. The number of B. The amount of C. Plenty of D. A great deal of
Question 26: The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, commonly referred to as ASEAN, is a geo-political and _______ organization.
A. economics B. economy C. economic D. economical
Question 27: All of the applicants________ for the interview this time stood a good chance of being offered the post.
A. were called B. called C. calling D. to call
Question 28: He’s_______ flu again. That’s the third time this year.
A. get on with B. come up with C. cut down on D. gone down with
Question 29. Tom: “Would you mind turning down your stereo?” - Lucy: “__________________.”
A. Yes, I will do that B. I’m really sorry! I’m not paying attention
C. No, I need to enjoy my music. D. Oh! I’m sorry! I didn’t realize that
Question 30. It's oddest that _______ he feels, the more efficiently he works.
A. the more stressed B. the most stressed  C. the more stress  D. the most stress

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of
the following questions.
Question 31: What most prevents women from reaching the boardroom, say bosses and head hunters, is lack of hands-on experience of a
firm’s core business.
A. significant B. practical C. available D. tested
Question 32: The conference was held with a view to laying down rules for the treatment and protection of the wounded and the disaster-
stricken.
A. establishing B. cancelling C. putting down D. putting aside

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
The peregrine falcon, a predatory bird indigenous to North America, was once in danger of extinction. In the 1960s, scientists
discovered by products of the pesticide DDT in the birds' eggs, which caused them to be too soft to survive. The use of the pesticide had
been banned in the United States, but the falcons were eating migratory birds from other places where DDT was still used. In order to
increase the survival rate, scientists were raising the birds in laboratories and then releasing them into mountainous areas. This practice
achieved only moderate success, however, because many of the birds raised in captivity could not survive in the wild.
There is now, however, a new alternative to releases in the wild. A falcon that has been given the name Scarlett chose to make her
home on a ledge of the 33 rd floor of a Baltimore, Maryland, office building rather than in the wild, and, to the surprise of the scientists, she
has managed to live quite well in the city. Following this example, programs have been initiated that release birds like Scarlett into cities
rather than into their natural wild habitat. These urban releases are becoming a common way to strengthen the species. Urban homes have
several benefits for the birds that wild spots do not. First, there is an abundance of pigeons and small birds as food sources. The peregrine in
the city is also protected from its main predator, the great horned owl. Urban release programs have been very successful in reestablishing
the peregrine falcons along the East Coast. Though they are still an endangered species, their numbers increased from about 60 nesting pairs
in 1975 to about 700 pairs in 1992. In another decade the species may flourish again, this time without human help.
(Source: Adapted from TOEFL reading)
Question 33: What is the main topic of the passage?
A. harmful effects of pesticides B. endangered species C. survival of peregrine falcons D. releases into the wild
Question 34: Why were the peregrine falcons in danger?
A. because they were prized by hunters and hunted to near extinction
B. because of pesticides used by American farmers
C. because they ate birds from other countries where DDT was still used
D. because they migrated to countries where their eggs could not survive
Question 35: In paragraph 1 , the word "banned" could be best replaced by ____________.
A. developed B. authorized C. disseminated D. prohibited
Question 36: According to the passage, where have the release programs been the most successful?
A. in the wild B. on the East Coast C. in mountainous areas D. in office buildings
Question 37: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a reason why a falcon might choose to live in a city?
A. There is abundant food. B. There are high places to nest. C. There is a lack of predators. D. There are other falcons nearby.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following
questions.
Question 38. A considerate amount of time and effort must have been needed to provide such a good show.

Question 39: Foreign students who are doing a decision about which school to attend may not know exactly where the choices are
located.

Question 40: Many hundred years ago there were many villages and little towns in England.

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Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
Question 41. But for two minor mistakes, I would have got full marks for the test.
A. If I didn’t make two minor mistakes, I would have got full marks for the test.
B. I would have got full marks for the test if there hadn’t been these two minor mistakes
C. Had I made two minor mistakes, I would have got full marks for the test.
D. If the mistakes hadn’t been minor, I could have got full marks for the test.
Question 42: In spite of his poverty, he led a devoted life to the revolutionary cause.
A. He could not devote his life to the revolutionary cause because of his poverty.
B. If he had not been so poor, he could have devoted his life to the revolutionary cause.
C. Poor as he was, he led a devoted life to the revolutionary cause.
D. He led a devoted life to the revolutionary cause, but he was so poor.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to the sentence given in each of
the following questions.
Question 43: " Let's have a picnic next Saturday," Julia said.
A.   Julia said that let's have a picnic the next Saturday. B.   Julia suggested having a picnic the following Saturday.
C.   Julia advised how about having a picnic the next Saturday. D.   Julia told that why they didn't have a picnic next Saturday.
Question 44: My new school is a little farther than my old one.
A. My old school is not as far as my new one. B. My new school is not as far as my old one.
C. My old school is a little farther than my new one. D. My new school is near my old one.
Question 45: His letter is full of mistakes. He sent it without checking.
A. He must have checked the mistakes carefully before sending his letter.
B. He should have checked the mistakes carefully before sending his letter.
C. He could have checked the mistakes carefully before sending his letter.
D. He can have checked the mistakes carefully before sending his letter.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits
each of the numbered blanks. 
Just like any institution, a family also needs rules. Rules are very important because they keep things in (46) _________. For a
family, rules are as necessary as food and clothing. The rules are very important because they remain peace and order in the family.
(47)_________, children should respect and listen to their parents. If there are decisions to be made, for examples, it is not only the parents
who are going to decide especially if the children are already grown up. It would be better if everybody is involved in making the decision
of important matter. 
Rules are needed to maintain a harmonious relationship (48)_________ family members. Parents are there the pillars of the family and
guide children to be responsible and practice good values. 
Rules teach children to become more responsible and have discipline not only at home but especially outside of the home. When
there are rules to follow, children will know (49)_________ they should do or should not do. Rules help to avoid conflict and
misunderstanding that may lead to fights and aggression especially among children. Parents should set rules for the children to follow to
avoid quarrels and fights. There are times when the children (50)_________ over simple matters and this happens if the parents do or not
interfere but when parents set the rule and let the children follow, there will be fewer conflicts. 
Question 46. A. need  B. order  C. time  D. advance 
Question 47. A. In addition  B. Therefore  C. However D. For example
Question 48. A. in  B. between  C. inside  D. among
Question 49. A. which  B. that  C. how  D. what 
Question 50. A. fight  B. take C. bring D.  get
The end!
Question 51: People should stop smoking because it is extremely ________ to health.
A. deliberate B. intimate  C. reproving   D. detrimental
Question 52: Good students aren't ________ intelligent students.
A. necessary  B. necessity  C. necessarily  D. unnecessary
Question 53: We are raising funds for people with visual _______ in the city.
A. impairments  B. failures  C. damages  D. breakages
Question 54: On our trip to Italy, we crossed ______ Atlantic Ocean. A. the  B. an  C. a  D. 
Question 55:Unfortunately, his company closed down because it couldn't keep pace _______ modem technology.
A. on  B. with  C. of D. up
Question 56: If the bride's father ______ the car, she would be at the church now. A. had had  B. will have C. had  D. has
Question 57: It is impossible for him to be financially independent at such an early age, ________?
A. doesn't he  B. does he  C. isn't it  D. is it
Question 58: Many students _________ home for their holidays for the past few weeks.
A. goes  B. has gone  C. have gone  D. had gone
Question 59: Pam broke her arm in the accident. It would have been much worse if she ______her seat belt at that time.
A. hadn’t been for B. hadn’t been wearing C. hadn’t worn D. had been wearing
Question 60: It is a serious operation for a woman as old as my grandmother. She's very frail. I hope she______.
A. pulls through B. gets away C. puts through D. comes round
Question 61: Going on in this diet has really ______ me good . I have lost weight and I feel fantastic
A. made B. Taken C. done D. had
Question 62: I don't suppose anyone will volunteer, ______? A. do I B. will they C. won’t they D. does he
Question 63: Ann: “Where’s Polly?” John: “She is in her room ______.”

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 A. studying B. is studying C. studies D. has studied
Question 64: Tim looks so frightened and upset. He ______ something terrible.
A. must experience B. can have experienced C. must have experienced D. should have experienced
Question 65: Having opened the bottle, ______ for everyone.
A. the drink was being poured B. the drink was poured C. Mike poured the drink D. Mike pouring the drink
Question 66: The knee is _______ most other joints in the body because it cannot twist without injury.
A. more likely to be damaged than B. likely to be more than damaged
C. to be damaged more than likely D. more than likely to be damaged
Question 67: I called Jenny yesterday with a view ______ asking her about the project. A. for B. in C. to D. of
Question 68: Studies have shown that the elderly who are pet owners have lower blood pressure than ______ who live without pets.
A. for the elderly to do B. to the elderly C. do the elderly D. elderly
Question 69: He said there was nothing that happened, but I began to _____ when he kept beating about the bush.
A. get cold feet B. smell a rat C. keep an eye on D. be off my head
Question 70: She nearly lost her own life ______ attempting to save the child from drowning. A. at B. in C. for D. with
Question 71: He became a millionaire by ______ of hard work and a considerable amount of luck.
A. dint B. process C. cause D. effect
Question 72: Scientists are predicting that the volcano might erupt so people have been ______ from the area.
A. escaped B. emigrated C. exported D. evacuated
Question 73: Doctors advise people who are __________ in Vitamin C to eat more fruit and vegetables.
A. deliberate B. deficient C. benevolent D. hazardous
Question 74: Nobody knows what the _________ of the explosion was.
A. source B. cause C. reaction D. reason
Question 75: Entering the meeting half an hour late, he tried to _________ an excuse, still the strict chairman of the board told him to
leave the room. A. make B. do C. give D. have
Question 76: I was trying to keep the party a secret, but Mel went and let the ______ out of the bag.
A. cat B. dog C. mouse D. hen

Choose the word or phrase CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following sentences.
Question 77: Crime rates tend to fluctuate with the seasons, with much higher rates in the winter than in the summer.
A. stay the same B. decrease C. accelerate D. go up and down
Question 78: I’d rather staying in a hotel with all the amenities than camp in the woods.
A. privileges B. conveniences C. expense D. honors
Question 79: Throughout history, the prevalent authority pattern in families has been patriarchy, in which males are in control.
A. dominant B. uncommon C. strange D. extraordinary

SPORT AND FITNESS

The British are very fond of sport, but many people prefer to watch ___(80)___ take part. Many go to watch football, cricket, etc. at the
ground, but many more sit at home and watch sport on television. Most people today take relatively little general exercise .Over the last 30
or 40 years lifestyles have changed ___(81)___ and many people now travel even the shortest distances by car or bus. Lack of exercise
combined with eating too many fatty and sugary foods has meant that many people are becoming too fat. In recent years, however, there
has been a ___(82)___ interest in fitness among young adults and many belong to a sports club or gym. In Britain most towns have an
amateur football and cricket team, and people also have opportunities to play sports such as tennis and golf. Older people may play bowls.
Some people go regularly to a sports center or leisure center. Some sports centers arrange classes in aerobics, step and keep-fit. Some
people ___(83)___ regularly at a local gym and do weight training and circuit training. Others go running or jogging in their local area. For
enthusiastic runners there are opportunities to take part in ___(84)___ runs, such as the London marathon. Other people keep themselves fit
by walking or cycling. Many people go abroad on a skiing holiday each year. Membership of a sports club or gym can be expensive and not
everyone can afford the subscription. Local sports centers are generally cheaper. Some companies now provide sports facilities ___(85)___
their employees or contribute to the cost of joining a gym.

Question 80: A. except for B. than C. rather than D. to

Question 81: A. temporarily B. considerably C. exceptionally D. relatively
Question 82: A. planting B. growing C. developing D. becoming
Question 83: A. find out B. work out C. full in D. cough up
Question 84: A. distance away B. long-distance C. short-distance D. full distance
Question 85: A. about B. with C. to D. for
Question 86. A. relax B. wonder C. problem D. special
Question 87. A. reflection B. celebrity C. industry D. remember
Question 88: A. recommend B. entertain  C. disappear  D. fortunate
Question 89: A. fundamental B. distinguish C. adventure D. interpret
Question 90: A. dental B. rental C. sandals D. canal
Question 91: A. necessary B. elaborate C. mysterious D. original
Question 92: A. extraordinary B. discourtesy C. indispensable D. proficiency
Question 93: A. comparable B. atmosphere C. deficiency D. knowledgable
Question 94: A. benevolent B. organism C. contemporary D. subsistence
Question 95: A. method B. become C. depend D. prefer
Question 96: A. particulate B. abundance C. experiment D. influential
Question 97: A. overcome B. understand C. intellectual D. contaminate
Question 98: A. favour B. mature C. success D. effect
Question 99: A. phenomenon B. sacrifice C. ecosystem D. hazardous

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Question 100: A. inhabitant B. determine C. compulsory D. customary