Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 10

Coordinates: 55°33′N 50°56′E

Tatarstan
The Republic of Tatarstan,[a] or simply Tatarstan,[b] is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is
a part of the Volga Federal District; and its capital and largest city is Kazan, one of the most important cultural Republic of Tatarstan
centres of Russia.
Republic
The republic borders Kirov, Ulyanovsk, Samara, and Orenburg Oblasts, the Mari El, Udmurt, and Chuvash Республика Татарстан
Republics, and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The area of the republic is 68,000 square kilometres Other transcription(s)
(26,000 sq mi). The unofficial Tatarstan motto is Bez Buldırabız! (We can!).[15] As of the 2010 Census, the • Tatar Татарстан
population of Tatarstan was 3,786,488.[9] Республикасы

The state has strong cultural ties with its eastern neighbour, the Republic of Bashkortostan.[16][17]

The state languages of the Republic of Tatarstan are Tatar and Russian.[18]
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem: State Anthem of the Republic of
Contents Tatarstan[1]

Etymology
0:00 / 0:00
Geography
Rivers
Lakes
Hills
Natural resources
Climate
Administrative divisions
History
Middle Ages
19th century Coordinates: 55°33′N 50°56′E
20th century Country Russia
Present-day Federal district Volga[2]
Economic region Volga[3]
Demographics
Settlements Capital Kazan[5]
Vital statistics Government
Ethnic groups • Body State Council[6]
Jews in Tatarstan • President[6] Rustam Minnikhanov[7]
Languages Area[8]
Religion • Total 68,000 km2
(26,000 sq mi)
Politics Area rank 44th
Political status Population (2010 Census)[9]
Economy • Total 3,786,488
• Estimate (2018)[10] 3,894,284 (+2.8%)
Tourism • Rank 8th
Tourist resources of historical and cultural significance • Density 56/km2 (140/sq mi)
Culture • Urban 75.4%
• Rural 24.6%
Sports
Time zone UTC+3 (MSK [11])
Education
ISO 3166 code RU-TA
Public spaces License plates 16, 116, 716
See also OKTMO ID 92000000
References Official languages Russian;[12] Tatar[13][14]
Notes
Website http://tatarstan.ru/eng/
Sources
Further reading
External links

Etymology
"Tatarstan" derives from the name of the ethnic group—the Tatars—and the Persian suffix -stan (meaning "state" or "country" of, an ending common to many
Eurasian countries). Another version of the Russian name is "Тата́ рия" (Tatariya), which was official along with "Tatar ASSR" during Soviet rule.

Geography
The republic is located in the center of the East European Plain, approximately 800 kilometers (500 mi) east of Moscow. It lies between the Volga River and the
Kama River (a tributary of the Volga), and extends east to the Ural mountains.
Borders:
internal: Kirov Oblast (N), Udmurt Republic (N/NE), Republic of Bashkortostan (E/SE), Orenburg
Oblast (SE), Samara Oblast (S), Ulyanovsk Oblast (S/SW), Chuvash Republic (W), Mari El Republic
(W/NW).
Highest point: 381 m (1,250 ft)[19]
Maximum N–S distance: 290 km (180 mi)
Maximum E–W distance: 460 km (290 mi)
Map of the Republic of Tatarstan
Rivers

Major rivers include (Tatar names are given in parentheses):

Azevka River (Äzi)


Belaya River (Ağidel)
Ik River (Iq)
Kama River (Çulman)
Volga River (İdel)
Vyatka River (Noqrat)
Kazanka River (Qazansu)
Zay River (Zäy)

Lakes

Major reservoirs of the republic include (Tatar names are given in parentheses):
View of the Volga River at the
confluence with the Kama River
Kuybyshev Reservoir (Kuybışev)
Lower Kama Reservoir (Tübän Kama)
Zainsk Reservoir (Zäy susaqlağıçı)

The biggest lake is Qaban. The biggest swamp is Kulyagash.

Hills
Bugulma-Belebey Upland
Volga Upland
View on the Toyma River from
Vyatskiye Uvaly Devil's Tower in Yelabuga

Natural resources

Major natural resources of Tatarstan include oil, natural gas, gypsum, and more. It is estimated that the Republic has over
one billion tons of oil deposits.[20]

Climate
Average January temperature: −15 °C (5 °F) Sviyazhsk, located at the confluence
Average July temperature: +18 °C (64 °F) of the Volga and Sviyaga rivers
Average annual temperature: +4 °C (39 °F)
Average annual precipitation: up to 500 to 550 mm (20 to 22 in)

Administrative divisions
Administrative and territorial division: 43 municipal districts and 2 urban districts (Kazan and Naberezhnye Chelny), as well as 39 urban settlements and 872 rural
settlements. The Republic of Tatarstan consists of districts and cities of republican significance, the list of which is established by the Constitution of the Republic
of Tatarstan. The districts consist of cities of district significance, urban-type settlements and rural settlements with subordinate territories that make up the primary
level in the system of administrative-territorial structure of the Republic. Cities of national significance can be geographically divided into districts in the city.

History

Middle Ages

The earliest known organized state within the boundaries of Tatarstan was Volga Bulgaria (c. 700–1238). The Volga Bulgars had an advanced mercantile state
with trade contacts throughout Inner Eurasia, the Middle East, and the Baltic, which maintained its independence despite pressure by such nations as the Khazars,
the Kievan Rus, and the Cuman-Kipchaks. Islam was introduced by missionaries from Baghdad around the time of Ibn Fadlan's journey in 922.

Volga Bulgaria finally fell to the armies of the Mongol prince Batu Khan in the late 1230s (see Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria). The inhabitants, mixing with
the Golden Horde's Kipchaks, became known as the "Volga Tatars". Another theory postulates that there were no ethnic changes in that period, and Bulgars
simply switched to the Kipchak-based Tatar language. In the 1430s, the region again became independent as the base of the Khanate of Kazan, a capital having
been established in Kazan, 170 km (110 mi) up the Volga from the ruined capital of the Bulgars.
The Khanate of Kazan was conquered by the troops of Tsar Ivan the Terrible in the 1550s, with Kazan being taken in
1552. A large number of Bulgars were killed and forcibly converted to Christianity and were culturally Russified.
Cathedrals were built in Kazan; by 1593 all mosques in the area were destroyed. The Russian government forbade the
construction of mosques, a prohibition that was not lifted until the 18th century by Catherine the Great. The first mosque
to be rebuilt under Catherine's auspices was constructed in 1766–1770.

19th century

In the 19th century, Tatarstan became a center of Jadidism, an Islamic movement Bolgar archeological works
that preached tolerance of other religions. Under the influence of local Jadidist
theologians, the Bulgars were renowned for their friendly relations with other
peoples of the Russian Empire. However, after the October Revolution religion was largely outlawed and all theologians
were repressed.

20th century
An ancient mosque in Bolgar
During the Civil War of 1918–1920 Tatar nationalists attempted to establish an independent republic (the Idel-Ural State,
Idel being the name of the Volga in Tatar) along with the neighboring Bashkirs. Initially supported by the Bolsheviks, the
state existed up until March 1918, when high-ranking members of its parliament were arrested by the Bolsheviks (who had turned on the state and denounced it as
bourgeois) before the official declaration of its constitution. The Soviets later set up the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which was established on
May 27, 1920.[4] The boundaries of the republic did not include a majority of the Volga Tatars. The Tatar Union of the Godless were persecuted in Stalin's 1928
purges.

A famine occurred in the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1921-1922 as a result of the policy of war
communism. The famine deaths of over 2 million Tatars in the Tatar ASSR and in the Volga-Ural region in 1921–1922
was catastrophic as half of the Volga Tatar population in the USSR died.[21]

Present-day

On August 30, 1990, Tatarstan declared its sovereignty with the Declaration on the State Sovereignty of the Tatar Soviet
Socialist Republic[22] and in 1992 Tatarstan held a referendum on the new constitution.[23] Some 62% of those who took
The left wing of the White Mosque
part voted in favor of the constitution. In the 1992 Tatarstan Constitution, Tatarstan is defined as a Sovereign State.
However, the referendum and constitution were declared unconstitutional by the Russian Constitutional Court.[24] Articles
1 and 3 of the Constitution as introduced in 2002[23] define Tatarstan as a part of the Russian Federation, removing the
"sovereignty" term.

On February 15, 1994, the Treaty On Delimitation of Jurisdictional Subjects and Mutual Delegation of Authority between
the State Bodies of the Russian Federation and the State Bodies of the Republic of Tatarstan[25] and Agreement between
the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Republic of Tatarstan (On Delimitation of Authority
in the Sphere of Foreign Economic Relations) were signed. The power-sharing agreement was renewed on July 11, 2007,
though with much of the power delegated to Tatarstan reduced.[26]

On December 20, 2008, in response to Russia recognizing Abkhazia and South Ossetia, the Milli Mejlis of the Tatar Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
in Tatarstan, June 2011
People organization declared Tatarstan independent and asked for United Nations recognition.[27] However, this
declaration was ignored both by the United Nations and the Russian government. On July 24, 2017, the autonomy
agreement signed in 1994 between Moscow and Kazan expired, making Tatarstan the last republic of Russia to lose its
special status.[28]

Demographics
Population: 3,786,488 (2010 Census);[9] 3,779,265 (2002 Census);[29] 3,637,809 (1989 Census).[30]

Settlements

Vital statistics
[31]
Average Crude birth Crude Natural
Natural Fertility
population Live births Deaths rate (per death rate change (per
change rates
(1000s) 1000) (per 1000) 1000)
1970 3,146 47,817 25,622 22,195 15.2 8.1 7.1
1975 3,311 55,095 29,686 25,409 16.6 9.0 7.7
1980 3,465 54,272 32,758 21,514 15.7 9.5 6.2
1985 3,530 64,067 34,622 29,445 18.1 9.8 8.3
1990 3,665 56,277 36,219 20,058 15.4 9.9 5.5 2.05 Population density
1991 3,684 50,160 37,266 12,894 13.6 10.1 3.5 1.88
1992 3,706 44,990 39,148 5,842 12.1 10.6 1.6 1.71
1993 3,730 41,144 44,291 −3,147 11.0 11.9 −0.8 1.57
1994 3,746 41,811 48,613 −6,802 11.2 13.0 −1.8 1.58
1995 3,756 39,070 48,592 −9,522 10.4 12.9 −2.5 1.47
1996 3,766 38,080 45,731 −7,651 10.1 12.1 −2.0 1.43
1997 3,775 37,268 46,270 −9,002 9.9 12.3 −2.4 1.38
1998 3,785 37,182 45,153 −7,971 9.8 11.9 −2.1 1.37
1999 3,789 35,073 46,679 −11,606 9.3 12.3 −3.1 1.29
2000 3,788 35,446 49,723 −14,277 9.4 13.1 −3.8 1.29
2001 3,784 35,877 50,119 −14,242 9.5 13.2 −3.8 1.30
2002 3,779 38,178 51,685 −13,507 10.1 13.7 −3.6 1.37
2003 3,775 38,461 52,263 −13,802 10.2 13.8 −3.7 1.36
2004 3,771 38,661 51,322 −12,661 10.3 13.6 −3.4 1.34 Mintimer Shaimiyev, the president of
2005 3,767 36,967 51,841 −14,874 9.8 13.8 −3.9 1.26 the republic of Tatarstan, in the
Qolşärif Mosque, Kazan
2006 3,763 37,303 49,218 −11,915 9.9 13.1 −3.2 1.25
2007 3,763 40,892 48,962 −8,070 10.9 13.0 −2.1 1.36
2008 3,772 44,290 48,952 −4,662 11.8 13.0 −1.2 1.45
2009 3,779 46,605 47,892 −1,287 12.4 12.7 −0.3 1.55
2010 3,785 48,968 49,730 −762 12.9 13.1 −0.2 1.60
2011 3,795 50,824 47,072 3,752 13.4 12.4 1.0 1.65
2012 3,813 55,421 46,358 9,063 14.5 12.2 2.3 1.80
2013 3,830 56,458 46,192 10,266 14.7 12.1 2.6 1.83
Russian Orthodox Church in
2014 3,847 56,480 46,921 9,559 14.7 12.2 2.5 1.84
Tatarstan
2015 3,862 56,899 46,483 10,416 14.7 12.0 2.7 1.86
2016 3,878 55,853 44,894 10,959 14.4 11.6 2.8 1.86 (est)
2017 3,889 48,115 43,957 4,158 12.4 11.3 1.1
2018 3,894 46,320 44,720 1,600 11.9 11.5 0.4
2019 42,871 42,691 180 11.0 11.0 0.0
2020 41,320 54,310 -12,981 10.6 13.9 -3.3

Note: TFR source.[32]

Ethnic groups

Ethnic 1926 Census 1939 Census 1959 Census 1970 Census 1979 Census 1989 Census 2002 Census 2010 Cen
group
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number
Tatars 1,263,383 48.7% 1,421,514 48.8% 1,345,195 47.2% 1,536,430 49.1% 1,641,603 47.6% 1,765,404 48.5% 2,000,116 52.9% 2,012,571
Russians 1,118,834 43.1% 1,250,667 42.9% 1,252,413 43.9% 1,382,738 42.4% 1,516,023 44.0% 1,575,361 43.3% 1,492,602 39.5% 1,501,369
Chuvash 127,330 4.9% 138,935 4.8% 143,552 5.0% 153,496 4.9% 147,088 4.3% 134,221 3.7% 126,532 3.3% 116,252
Others 84,485 3.3% 104,161 3.6% 109,257 3.8% 112,574 3.6% 140,698 4.1% 166,756 4.6% 160,015 4.2% 150,244
1 6,052 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[33]

There are about 2 million ethnic Tatars and 1.5 million ethnic Russians, along with significant numbers of Chuvash, Mari,
and Udmurts, some of whom are Tatar-speaking. The Ukrainian, Mordvin, and Bashkir minorities are also significant.
Most Tatars are Sunni Muslims, but a small minority known as Keräşen Tatars are Orthodox and some of them regard
themselves as being different from other Tatars even though most Keräşen dialects differ only slightly from the Central
Dialect of the Tatar language.[34]

There is a fair degree of speculation as to the early origins of the different groups of Tatars, but most Tatars no longer view
religious identity as being as important as it once was, and the religious and linguistic subgroups have intermingled Ethnic map of Tatarstan (2010)
considerably. Nevertheless, despite many decades of assimilation and intermingling, some Keräşen demanded and were
awarded the option of being specifically enumerated in 2002. This has provoked great controversy, however, as many intellectuals have sought to portray the
Tatars as homogeneous and indivisible.[35] Although listed separately below, the Keräşen are still included in the grand total for the Tatars. Another unique ethnic
group, concentrated in Tatarstan, is the Qaratay Mordvins.

Jews in Tatarstan

Tatar and Udmurt Jews are special territorial groups of the Ashkenazi Jews, which started to be formed in the residential areas of mixed Turkic-speaking (Tatars,
Kryashens, Bashkirs, Chuvash people), Finno-Ugric-speaking (Udmurts, Mari people) and Slavic-speaking (Russians) population. The Ashkenazi Jews on the
territory of Tatarstan first appeared in the 1830s.[36] The Jews of Udmurtia and Tatarstan are subdivided on cultural and linguistic characteristics into two territorial
groups: 1) Udmurt Jews (Udmurt Jewry), who lived on the territory of Udmurtia and the north of Tatarstan; 2) Tatar Jews or Kazan Jews (Tatar Jewry or Kazan
Jewry), who lived mainly in the city of Kazan and its agglomeration.[37]

Languages

In accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan, the two state languages of the republic are Tatar and Russian. According to the 2002 Russian
Federal Law (On Languages of Peoples of the Russian Federation), the official script is Cyrillic. Linguistic anthropologist Dr. Suzanne Wertheim, notes that
"some men signal ideological devotion to the Tatar cause by refusing to accommodate to Russian-dominant public space or Russian speakers", whilst women, in
promoting "the Tatar state and Tatar national culture, index their pro-Tatar ideological stances more diplomatically, and with linguistic practices situated only within
the Tatar-speaking community ... in keeping with normative gender roles within the Tatar republic."[38]

Religion

Established in 922, the first Muslim state within the boundaries of modern Russia was Volga Religion in Tatarstan as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)[39][40]
Bulgaria from which the Tatars inherited Islam. Islam was introduced by missionaries[41] from Russian Orthodoxy 30.5%
Baghdad around the time of Ibn Fadlan's journey in 922. Islam's long presence in Russia also Other Orthodox 1%
extends at least as far back as the conquest of the Khanate of Kazan in 1552, which brought Other Christians 2%
the Tatars and Bashkirs on the Middle Volga into Russia. Islam 53.8%
Rodnovery and other native faiths 0.5%
In the 1430s, the region became independent as the base of the Khanate of Kazan, a capital Spiritual but not religious 1%
having been established in Kazan, 170 km up the Volga from the ruined capital of the Bulgars. Atheism and irreligion 5.7%
The Khanate of Kazan was conquered by the troops of Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible in the 1550s, Other and undeclared 2.5%
with Kazan being taken in 1552. Some Tatars were forcibly converted to Christianity and
cathedrals were built in Kazan; by 1593, mosques in the area were destroyed. The Russian
government forbade the construction of mosques, a prohibition that was not lifted until the 18th century by Catherine II.

Today, Islam is the most common faith in Tatarstan, as, 53.8% of the estimated 3.8 million population is Muslim while the
remaining population is mostly Russian Orthodox Christian and non-religious.[42]

In 1990, there were only 100 mosques but the number, as of 2004, rose to well over 1,000. As of January 1, 2008, as
many as 1,398 religious organizations were registered in Tatarstan, of which 1,055 were Muslim. In September 2010, Eid
al-Fitr as well May 21, the day the Volga Bulgars embraced Islam, were made public holidays.[43]

The Russian Orthodox Church is the second largest active religion in Tatarstan, and has been so for more than 150
years,[44] with an estimated 1.6 million followers made up of ethnic Russians, Mordvins, Armenians, Belarusians, Mari
people, Georgians, Chuvash and a number of Orthodox Tatars which together constitute 38% of the 3.8 million
population of Tatarstan. On 23 August 2010, the "Orthodox monuments of Tatarstan" exhibition was held in Kazan by
the Tatarstan Ministry of Culture and the Kazan Eparchy.[45] At all public events, an Orthodox Priest is called upon along
with an Islamic Mufti.[46]

The Muslim Religious Board of Tatarstan frequently organizes activities, like the 'Islamic graffiti Contest' which was held
on November 20, 2011.[47]
Qolşärif Mosque in Kazan

Politics
The head of the government in Tatarstan is the President. Since March 2010, the President has been Rustam
Minnikhanov.[48] Tatarstan's unicameral State Council has 100 seats: fifty are for representatives of the parties, and the
other fifty are for deputies from the republic's localities. The Chairman of the State Council is Farit Mukhametshin since
May 27, 1998. The government is the Сabinet of Ministers. The Prime Minister of the Republic of Tatarstan is Alexei
Pesoshin.

According to the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan, the President can be elected only by the people of Tatarstan,
but due to Russian federal law, this law was suspended for an indefinite term. The Russian law on the election of Sergius Church.Island-city
governors says they should be elected by regional parliaments and that the candidate can be presented only by the Sviyazhsk
president of Russia.

On March 25, 2005, Shaymiyev was re-elected for his fourth term by the State Council. This election was held after changes in electoral law and does not
contradict the Constitutions of Tatarstan and Russia.

Political status

The Republic of Tatarstan is a constituent republic of the Russian Federation. Most of the Russian federal subjects are tied with the Russian federal government by
the uniform Federal Treaty, but relations between the government of Tatarstan and the Russian federal government are more complex and are precisely defined in
the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan. The following passage from the Constitution defines the republic's status without contradicting the Constitution of the
Russian Federation:
"The Republic of Tatarstan is a democratic constitutional State associated with the Russian Federation by the Constitution
of the Russian Federation, the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Treaty between the Russian Federation
and the Republic of Tatarstan On Delimitation of Jurisdictional Subjects and Mutual Delegation of Powers between the
State Bodies of the Russian Federation and the State Bodies of the Republic of Tatarstan, and a subject of the Russian
Federation. The sovereignty of the Republic of Tatarstan shall consist in full possession of the State authority (legislative,
executive and judicial) beyond the competence of the Russian Federation and powers of the Russian Federation in the
sphere of shared competence of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan and shall be an inalienable
qualitative status of the Republic of Tatarstan."[49]

Economy
Tatarstan is one of the most economically developed regions of Russia. The republic is highly industrialized and ranks
Cabinet of Ministers building
second to Samara Oblast in terms of industrial production per km2 .[50] in 2017 Tatarstan's GDP per capita was
$10,000,[51] with total GDP at about $35 billion.[52]

The region's main source of wealth is oil. Tatarstan produces 32 million tonnes of crude oil per year and has estimated oil
reserves of more than 1 billion tons.[20][53] Industrial production constitutes 45% of the Republic's gross regional domestic
product. The most developed manufacturing industries are petrochemical industry and machine building. The truck-maker
KamAZ is the region's largest enterprise and employs about one-fifth of Tatarstan's workforce.[53] Kazanorgsintez, based
in Kazan, is one of Russia's largest chemical companies.[54] Tatarstan's aviation industry produces Tu-214 passenger
airplanes and helicopters.[20] The Kazan Helicopter Plant is one of the largest helicopter manufacturers in the world.[55]
Engineering, textiles, clothing, wood processing, and food industries are also of key significance in Tatarstan.[50] Presidential Palace

Tatarstan consists of three distinct industrial regions. The northwestern part is an old industrial region where engineering,
chemical, and light industry dominate. In the newly industrial northeast region with its core in the Naberezhnye Chelny–
Nizhnekamsk agglomeration, major industries are automobile construction, the chemical industry, and power engineering.
The southeast region has oil production with engineering under development. The north, central, south, and southwest
parts of the republic are rural regions.[56] The republic has huge water resources—the annual flow of rivers of the
Republic exceeds 240 billion m3 (8.5 trillion cu ft). Soils are very diverse, the best fertile soils covering one-third of the
territory. Due to the high development of agriculture in Tatarstan (it contributes 5.1% of the total revenue of the republic),
forests occupy only 16% of its territory. The agricultural sector of the economy is represented mostly by large companies
as Ak Bars Holding and "Krasnyi Vostok Agro".
Bauman street in Kazan
The republic has a highly developed transport network. It mainly comprises highways, railway lines, four navigable
rivers — Volga (İdel), Kama (Çulman), Vyatka (Noqrat) and Belaya (Ağidel), and oil pipelines and airlines. The territory
of Tatarstan is crossed by the main gas pipelines carrying natural gas from Urengoy and Yamburg to the west and the
major oil pipelines supplying oil to various cities in the European part of Russia.

Tourism
There are three UNESCO world heritage sites in Tatarstan-Kazan Kremlin, Bulgarian state Museum-reserve and
assumption Cathedral and Monastery of the town-island of Sviyazhsk.[57]
A neighborhood in Kazan
The annual growth rate of tourist flow to the republic is on average 13.5%, the growth rate of the volume of services in the
tourism sector is 17.0%.[58]

At the end of 2016 on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan there were 104 tour operators, of which 32 dealt in
domestic tourism, 65 in domestic and inbound tourism, 1 in domestic and outbound tourism, and 6 in all three.

As of January 1, 2017, 404 collective accommodation facilities (CSR) operate in the Republic of Tatarstan, 379 CSR are
subject to classification (183 in Kazan, 196 in other municipalities of the Republic of Tatarstan).[59] 334 collective
accommodation facilities received the certificate of assignment of the category, which is 88.1% of the total number of
operating. Hydroelectric power station in
Naberezhnye Chelny
In 2016, special attention was paid to the development of tourist centers of the Republic of Tatarstan – Kazan, Bolghar,
the town-island of Sviyazhsk, Yelabuga, Chistopol, Tetyushi. The growth of tourist flow in the main tourist centers of the
Republic compared to 2015 amounted to an average of 45.9%.

Currently, sanatorium and resort recreation is developing rapidly in Tatarstan. There are 46 sanatorium-resort institutions in
the Republic of Tatarstan. The capacity of the objects of the sanatorium-resort complex of Tatarstan is 8847 beds, more
than 4300 specialists are engaged in the service of residents. In 2016, more than 160 thousand people rested in the health
resorts of the Republic of Tatarstan.[60] 22 health resort institutions of the Republic of Tatarstan are members of the
Association of health resort institutions "Health resorts of Tatarstan", including 11 sanatoriums of PJSC "Tatneft".

Since 2016, the Republic of Tatarstan has been operating the Visit Tatarstan program – the official tourism brand of the Kazan Kremlin
Republic, the purpose of which is to inform tourists, monitor the reputation of the Republic, develop the tourism potential
of the regions of Tatarstan, conduct market research, partner projects with local companies and international expansion.
Tatarstan: 1001 pleasure-the main message that tourists receive. The Visit Tatar website, where there is information about
the main sights and recreation in Tatarstan, is available in 8 languages: Tatar, Russian, English, Chinese, German, Spanish,
Finnish and Persian.[61][62]

Tourist resources of historical and cultural significance


Kazan Kremlin Spasskaya
Kazan University
Bolghar
Sviyazhsk
Temple of All Religions
Qolşärif Mosque
Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral
Söyembikä Tower
Millennium Bridge
Old Tatar Quarter
Galiaskar Kamal Tatar Academic Theatre
Kazan Federal University
The Jalil Opera and Ballet Theatre
The National Museum of Tatarstan

Culture
Major libraries include Kazan State University Nikolai Lobachevsky Scientific Library and the National Library of the
Republic of Tatarstan. There are two museums of republican significance, as well as 90 museums of local importance. In
the past several years, new museums appeared throughout the Republic.
Kazan Millennium Bridge
There are twelve theatrical institutions in Tatarstan.[63] The state orchestra is the National Tatarstan Orchestra.

In 1996, the Tatar singer, Guzel Ahmetova, cooperated with the German Eurodance group named Snap!, when she sang
the lyrics of the song "Rame".[64][65]

Sports
Tatarstan has Rubin Kazan, a major European football team which has played in the UEFA Champions League and the
UEFA Europa League. Twice Russian champions, Rubin Kazan play in the Russian Premier League. Also, Tatarstan has
Unics Kazan which has gained a significant role in European basketball, playing in Euroleague and EuroCup for decades.
All Religions Temple. A building and
It also has two KHL teams, the successful Ak Bars Kazan, which is based in the capital city of Kazan, and the cultural center built by the local artist
Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk, who play in the city of Nizhnekamsk. The state also has a Russian Major League team (the Ildar Khanov
second highest hockey league in Russia), Neftyanik Almetyevsk, who play in the city of Almetyevsk. There are also two
Minor Hockey League teams which serve as affiliates for the two KHL teams. A team also exists in the Russian Hockey
League, the HC Chelny, which is based in the city of Naberezhnye Chelny. Another team plays in the MHL-B (the
second level of junior ice hockey in Russia).

Nail Yakupov is an ethnic Tatar who was drafted first overall in the 2012 NHL Entry Draft.

Former ATP No.1 Marat Safin and former WTA number 1 Dinara Safina are of Tatar descent.

Kazan hosted the XXVII Summer Universiade in 2013. Kazan also hosted the FINA World championship in aquatic
sports in August 2015. Sabantui, a Tatar festival

Education
The most important facilities of higher education include Kazan State University, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan
State Technological University, World Information Distributed University, Kazan State Technical University, Kazan State
Finance and Economics Institute and Russian Islamic University, all located in the capital Kazan.

Public spaces
Tatarstan takes a unique participatory approach to the development of public spaces that has earned it recognition. The
Tatarstan Public Spaces Development Programme aims to create spaces for meeting or recreation.[66] The programme Ak Bars Arena in Kazan
covers a wide spectrum of projects, including streets, squares, parks, river banks, pavilions, and sports facilities.[66]

Since 2016[66] (and continuing until 2022), the Architecturny Desant Architectural Bureau in Kazan[67] is improving public spaces in each of Tatarstan's 45
municipal districts, from large cities to small villages.[68] As of April 2019, the project had revamped 328 public spaces.[69] By creating and rehabilitating public
spaces, the programme aims to be a catalyst for positive social, economic, and environmental change.[70]

One notable example is the "Beach" at Almetyevsk, which includes public swimming pools and a terrace.[66] Other examples include an amphitheatre in Black
Lake Park, Kazan; the Central Square in Bavly; a children's playground in Bogatye Saby village, which has a unique wooden play structure; the Cube container
centre in the green beach at Gorkinsko-Ometievsky forest, Kazan; and the square on Festival Boulevard, Kazan.[70]

The programme used an innovative participatory design approach,[71] which later became mandatory for similar projects across Russia.[70] This approach partners
specialists with local residents at every stage of the project, from development, to implementation, to the ongoing use of the space.[71]

The Tatarstan Public Spaces Development Programme was announced as one of the six winners of the 2019 Aga Khan Award for Architecture.[72][73][74] The
jury was impressed by the programme's systematic approach and involvement of residents to decide the future of each space.[71][75]

Each public space expresses the unique identity of that particular place,[70] tying in its history while incorporating traditional materials.[71] Major goals of the
projects include improving the quality of life for residents and improving the environment.[71] The Arhitekturnyi Desant team aims to provide a high quality public
space, no matter the size of the settlement, including quality design, infrastructure, and materials.[71]

Spending on the public spaces projects is helping the local economy.[66] For example, the number of street furniture manufacturers in the area increased from 12 to
75 since the programme started.[66]

See also
Volga Tatars
List of Chairmen of the State Council of Tatarstan
List of rural localities in Tatarstan
1921–22 famine in Tatarstan
List of Tatars
Music of Tatarstan

References
1. Law #2284, Chapter III 18. Whalley, Zita. "Will the Tatar Language Become Extinct?" (https://th
2. Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. eculturetrip.com/europe/russia/articles/will-the-tatar-language-beco
«О полномочном представителе Президента Российской me-extinct/). Culture Trip. Retrieved December 25, 2020.
Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 19. "Geographical Location" (http://tatarstan.ru/eng/about/geography.ht
2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, m). tatarstan.ru. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian 20. "Economy : The Republic of Tatarstan" (https://web.archive.org/we
Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary b/20060924204138/http://www.tatar.ru/index.php?DNSID=96525b6
Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a 0e5d8ed29efcd257b3cb3195e&node_id=792). September 24,
Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.). 2006. Archived from the original (http://www.tatar.ru/index.php?DNS
3. Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря ID=96525b60e5d8ed29efcd257b3cb3195e&node_id=792) on
1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических September 24, 2006.
регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения 21. Mizelle, Peter Christopher (2002). "Battle with Famine": Soviet
№5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart of the Russian Federation. #OK 024- Relief and the Tatar Republic 1921–1922 (https://books.google.co
95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic m/books?id=UpJEtwAACAAJ). Retrieved December 31, 2016.
Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the 22. "Declaration on the State Sovereignty of the Republic of Tatarstan"
Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ). (https://web.archive.org/web/20000119044059/http://www.tatar.ru/e
4. Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of Tatarstan, p. 3 nglish/00002028.html). January 19, 2000. Archived from the original
5. Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan, Article 122 (http://www.tatar.ru/english/00002028.html) on January 19, 2000.
6. Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan, Article 9.2 23. "Конституция Республики Татарстан : Республика Татарстан" (ht
7. "Biography : Rustam Minnikhanov" (https://web.archive.org/web/20 tps://web.archive.org/web/20060925011839/http://www.tatar.ru/?DN
170101003923/http://president.tatar.ru/eng/biography). SID=00e155d5981552f75e4d0fdddfc92952&node_id=222).
President.tatar.ru. Archived from the original (http://president.tatar.ru/ September 25, 2006. Archived from the original (http://www.tatar.r
eng/biography) on January 1, 2017. Retrieved December 31, 2016. u/?DNSID=00e155d5981552f75e4d0fdddfc92952&node_id=222)
on September 25, 2006.
8. Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State
Statistics Service) (May 21, 2004). "Территория, число районов, 24. "Заявились в Россию :: Общество :: Газета РБК" (http://www.rbcd
населённых пунктов и сельских администраций по субъектам aily.ru/politics/562949990857614). Rbcdaily.ru. March 17, 2014.
Российской Федерации (Territory, Number of Districts, Inhabited Retrieved December 31, 2016.
Localities, and Rural Administration by Federal Subjects of the 25. "The Republic Of Tatarstan:TREATY BETWEEN THE RUSSIAN
Russian Federation)" (http://perepis2002.ru/ct/html/TOM_01_03.ht FEDERATION AND THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN On
m). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Delimitation of Jurisdictional Subjects and Mutual Delegation of
Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Authority between the State Bodies of the Russian Federation and
Service. Retrieved November 1, 2011. the State Bodies of the Republic of Tatarstan" (https://web.archive.o
9. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская rg/web/19990428223956/http://www.tatar.ru/english/append20.html)
перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 (http://www.gks.ru/free_do . April 28, 1999. Archived from the original (http://www.tatar.ru/englis
c/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm) [2010 All- h/append20.html) on April 28, 1999.
Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись 26. "Federation Council Backs Power-Sharing Bill" (https://www.rferl.or
населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in g/a/1077565.html). Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. July 11, 2007.
Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
10. "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской 27. [1] (https://web.archive.org/web/20140330111914/http://ireport.cnn.c
Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 om/docs/DOC-183351)
года" (http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2018/bul_dr/mun_obr2018.r 28. Smirnova, Lena (July 24, 2017). "Tatarstan, the Last Region to Lose
ar). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019. Its Special Status Under Putin" (https://themoscowtimes.com/article
11. "Об исчислении времени" (http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody= s/tatarstan-special-status-expires-58483). The Moscow Times.
&prevDoc=102483854&backlink=1&&nd=102148085). Retrieved August 7, 2017.
Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in 29. Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004).
Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019. Численность населения России, субъектов Российской
12. Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов,
of the Constitution of Russia. городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных
13. Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan, Article 8.1 центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи
14. Daniel R. Kempton and Terry D. Clark. Unity or Separation: Center- и более человек (http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.
xls) [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects,
Periphery Relations in the Former Soviet Union. Praeger
Publishers, 2002, p. 110. Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative
Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS).
15. "Татарстан Республикасы Президенты Шәймиев Минтимер Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia
Шәрип улы. Рәсми сервер" (https://web.archive.org/web/2008061 Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
8101405/http://president.tatar.ru/tat/news/view/10232). June 18,
2008. Archived from the original (http://president.tatar.ru/tat/news/vie 30. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность
w/10232) on June 18, 2008. наличного населения союзных и автономных республик,
автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов,
16. "Tatarstan And Bashkortostan Become More Close" (https://archive. городских поселений и сёл-райцентров (http://demoscope.ru/wee
today/20120717053805/http://tatar-congress.org/eng/?category=no kly/ssp/rus89_reg.php) [All Union Population Census of 1989:
ne&altname=tatarstan_and_bashkortostan_become_more_close). Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics,
Executive Committee of World Congress of Tatars. December 23, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban
2010. Archived from the original (http://tatar-congress.org/eng/?cate Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative
gory=none&altname=tatarstan_and_bashkortostan_become_more Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union
_close) on July 17, 2012. Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии
17. "Meeting of two presidents" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140108 Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая
020522/http://shaimiev.tatarstan.ru/eng/news/view/8377). школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National
Administration of President of the Republic Tatarstan. August 16, Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via
2011. Archived from the original (http://shaimiev.tatarstan.ru/eng/ne Demoscope Weekly.
ws/view/8377) on January 8, 2014. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
31. "п≤п╫я┌п╣я─п╟п╨я┌п╦п╡п╫п╟я▐ п╡п╦я┌я─п╦п╫п╟" (http://w 51. "Human Development Index in the Regions of Russia" (https://www.
ww.gks.ru/dbscripts/Cbsd/DBInet.cgi#1). Gks.ru. Retrieved webcitation.org/5tNFDeTCw?url=http://rbec.undp.ru/nhdr2006_07e
December 31, 2016. ng/Chapter9.pdf) (PDF). Human Development Report 2006/2007
32. "Каталог публикаций::Федеральная служба государственной for the Russian Federation (Report). Archived from the original (htt
статистики" (http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosst p://rbec.undp.ru/nhdr2006_07eng/Chapter9.pdf) (PDF) on October
at/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1137674209312). Gks.ru. 10, 2010. Retrieved April 24, 2009.
Retrieved December 31, 2016. 52. "Валовой региональный продукт::Мордовиястат" (https://web.arc
33. "ВПН-2010" (http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php? hive.org/web/20180217021320/http://mrd.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/r
ID=6936). Perepis-2010.ru. Retrieved December 31, 2016. osstat_ts/mrd/ru/statistics/grp/). mrd.gks.ru. Archived from the
original (http://mrd.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_ts/mrd/ru/statisti
34. "Tatar The language of the largest minority in Russia" (https://web.a
rchive.org/web/20061213002624/http://www.princeton.edu/~turkish/ cs/grp/) on February 17, 2018. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
aatt/tatar.htm). American Association of Teachers of Turkic. 53. "TATARSTAN - Economy" (https://web.archive.org/web/200104241
Archived from the original (http://www.princeton.edu/~turkish/aatt/tat 12438/http://tatarstan.kai.ru/econ-eng.htm). April 24, 2001. Archived
ar.htm) on December 13, 2006. Retrieved March 10, 2007. from the original (http://tatarstan.kai.ru/econ-eng.htm) on April 24,
35. "Tatars as Meso-Nation" (http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/coe21/publi 2001.
sh/no7_ses/chapter04.pdf) (PDF). Hokkaido University. Retrieved 54. lor08 (February 18, 2016). "ПАО "Казаньоргсинтез" " (http://www.k
March 10, 2007. azanorgsintez.ru/index.php). Kazanorgsintez.ru. Retrieved
36. "Казань. Электронная еврейская энциклопедия" (https://eleven.c December 31, 2016.
o.il/article/11920). Eleven.co.il. April 15, 2005. Retrieved 55. "Kazan Helicopter Plant (KHP) - Russian Defense Industry" (https://
December 31, 2016. web.archive.org/web/20010113011000/http://fas.org/nuke/guide/rus
37. Altyntsev A.V., "The Concept of Love in Ashkenazim of Udmurtia sia/industry/kazanhelicopters.htm). January 13, 2001. Archived from
the original (http://fas.org/nuke/guide/russia/industry/kazanhelicopte
and Tatarstan", Nauka Udmurtii. 2013. No. 4 (66), p. 131.
(Алтынцев А.В., "Чувство любви в понимании евреев-ашкенази rs.htm) on January 13, 2001.
Удмуртии и Татарстана". (http://snioo.ru/images/stories/nu-print/nu 56. Pirkko Suihkonen. "Call for papers: LENCA-2" (http://www.ling.helsi
4662013.pdf) Наука Удмуртии. 2013. №4. С. 131: Комментарии.) nki.fi/uhlcs/LENCA/LENCA-2/information/tatarstan.html).
(in Russian) Ling.helsinki.fi. Retrieved December 31, 2016.
38. Wertheim, Suzanne (September 2012). "Gender, nationalism, and 57. "В Татарстане три исторических объекта признаны мировым
the attempted reconfiguration of sociolinguistic norms". Gender and достоянием" (http://www.kazved.ru/article/81705.aspx) (Казанские
Language. 6 (2): 261–289. doi:10.1558/genl.v6i2.261 (https://doi.or Ведомости ed.).
g/10.1558%2Fgenl.v6i2.261). 58. http://tourism.tatarstan.ru/rus/file/pub/pub_857409.pdf Archived (http
39. "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia" (http://sreda. s://web.archive.org/web/20171215130025/http://tourism.tatarstan.ru/
org/en/arena). Sreda, 2012. rus/file/pub/pub_857409.pdf) December 15, 2017, at the Wayback
40. 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps (http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES. Machine Данные Государственного комитета Республики
PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg). "Ogonek", № 34 Татарстан по туризму за 2016 год
(5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived (https://web.arc 59. "Государственный комитет Республики Татарстан по туризму" (h
hive.org/web/20170421154615/http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.P ttp://tourism.tatarstan.ru/) (in Russian). tourism.tatarstan.ru.
HOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg). Retrieved December 21, 2017.
41. "Tatarstan Parliament Introduces New Islam Holiday" (http://www.rfe 60. "Программа "Отдыхай в Татарстане" поможет развитию
rl.org/content/Tatarstan_Parliament_Introduces_New_Islam_Holida санаторных курортов" (https://ria.ru/tourism/20160531/144125176
y/2167583.html). Rferl.org. September 24, 2010. Retrieved 3.html) (РИА НОВОСТИ ed.). May 31, 2016.
December 31, 2016. 61. "Разработка программы Visit Tatarstan обошлась в 2 млн.
42. Balkind, Nicole (2009). A Model Republic? Trust and рублей" (https://www.business-gazeta.ru/news/305849). БИЗНЕС
Authoritarianism on Tatarstan's Road to Autonomy (https://cdr.lib.un Online (in Russian). Retrieved October 12, 2017.
c.edu/indexablecontent?id=uuid:01e41212-73fc-4660-b184-57c1c9 62. "Официальный туристический портал Республики Татарстан" (h
a65c95&ds=DATA_FILE) (MA). ttp://visit-tatarstan.com/). visit-tatarstan.com. Retrieved October 12,
43. "Holiday Commemorating Arrival of Islam in Russia Ratified in 2017.
Tatarstan" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100930031729/http://en.i 63. "Culture : The Republic of Tatarstan" (https://web.archive.org/web/2
slamtoday.net/artshow-229-3786.htm). Islam Today. September 25, 0060924221445/http://www.tatar.ru/index.php?DNSID=96525b60e
2010. Archived from the original (http://en.islamtoday.net/artshow-2 5d8ed29efcd257b3cb3195e&node_id=1302). September 24, 2006.
29-3786.htm) on September 30, 2010. Retrieved December 31, Archived from the original (http://www.tatar.ru/index.php?DNSID=96
2016. 525b60e5d8ed29efcd257b3cb3195e&node_id=1302) on
44. "Religion in Tatarstan" (http://tatarstan.ru/eng/about/religion.htm). September 24, 2006.
45. " "Orthodox monuments of Tatarstan" exhibition to be held in 64. "Snap! – Rame" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMFL1ilcGlU).
Kazan" (http://eng.tatar- 65. "Snap! – Rame (Гузель Ахметова Cover)" (https://www.youtube.co
inform.ru/news/tatarstan/2010/08/23/31280/). Eng.tatar-inform.ru. m/watch?v=Gf4fEbgmA2s).
Retrieved December 31, 2016. 66. "Aga-Khan-Award: Die Plätze dem Volk in Tatarstan" (https://www.b
46. "Today's Tatarstan in brief" (https://web.archive.org/web/200009300 aublatt.ch/bauprojekte/aga-khan-award-die-plaetze-dem-volk-in-tat
91758/http://www.kcn.ru/tat_en/politics/tat_rpbl/brief.htm). arstan). Baublatt (in German). Retrieved August 28, 2019.
September 30, 2000. Archived from the original (http://www.kcn.ru/t 67. GmbH, BauNetz Media (May 6, 2019). "Von Kinderdorf bis
at_en/politics/tat_rpbl/brief.htm) on September 30, 2000. Fischmarkt - Shortlist des Aga Khan Award 2019" (https://www.bau
47. Valeev, Denis (November 22, 2011). "Islamic Graffiti Contest Held netz.de/meldungen/Meldungen-Shortlist_des_Aga_Khan_Award_2
In Kazan" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160306101623/http://kaza 019_6480044.html). BauNetz (in German). Retrieved August 28,
ntimes.com/arts/islamic-graffiti-contest-held-in-kazan/). The Kazan 2019.
Times. Archived from the original (http://kazantimes.com/arts/islami 68. "Shortlist for the 2019 Aga Khan Award for Architecture announced"
c-graffiti-contest-held-in-kazan/) on March 6, 2016. Retrieved (https://www.admiddleeast.com/shortlist-for-the-2019-aga-khan-awa
December 31, 2016. rd-for-architecture-announced). Architectural Digest Middle East.
48. "Tatarstan's New President Sworn In" (http://www.rferl.org/content/T Retrieved August 28, 2019.
atarstans_New_President_Sworn_In/1993656.html). Rferl.org. 69. "Three UAE Projects on 2019 shortlist for Aga Khan Award for
March 25, 2010. Retrieved December 31, 2016. Architecture" (https://gulfnews.com/uae/three-uae-projects-on-2019-
49. "KCFPP: The Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan – New shortlist-for-aga-khan-award-for-architecture-1.1556185885546).
redaction of the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan of the 19th gulfnews.com. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
of April, 2002" (http://www.kazanfed.ru/en/docum/konstit/2/). 70. "Tatarstan Public Spaces Development Programme" (https://www.a
Kazanfed.ru. Retrieved December 31, 2016. kdn.org/architecture/project/tatarstan-public-spaces-development-pr
50. "Tatarstan" (https://www.webcitation.org/5kx5DELve?url=http://au.e ogramme). www.akdn.org. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
ncarta.msn.com/text_781534126___0/Tatarstan.html). Encarta. 71. "Программа развития общественных пространств в Татарстане
Archived from the original (https://au.encarta.msn.com/text_781534 поразила жюри премии Ага Хана системностью" (https://www.tat
126___0/Tatarstan.html) on November 1, 2009. Retrieved April 15, ar-inform.ru/news/2019/06/28/655372/). www.tatar-inform.ru (in
2009. Russian). Retrieved August 28, 2019.
72. Woodyatt, Amy (August 29, 2019). "Winners of prestigious Aga 74. "In Tatarstan, Russia, a Parks Program Creates Over 350 Public
Khan architecture award announced" (https://www.cnn.com/style/art Spaces" (https://www.metropolismag.com/cities/tatarstan-parks/).
icle/aga-khan-awards-intl-scli/index.html). CNN Style. Retrieved Metropolis. January 21, 2020. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
August 31, 2019. 75. Pitcher, Greg (April 26, 2019). "Two London practices shortlisted for
73. "ТОП-10 значимых событий в Татарстане за прошедшее 10- Aga Khan Award" (https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/two-lon
летие" (https://sntat.ru/news/society/09-01-2020/top-10-znachimyh- don-practices-shortlisted-for-aga-khan-award/10042220.article).
sobytiy-v-tatarstane-za-proshedshee-10-letie-5713658). sntat.ru (in Architects Journal. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
Russian). Retrieved January 17, 2020.

Notes
a. Russian: Республика Татарстан, romanized: Respublika Tatarstan; Tatar: Cyrillic Татарстан Республикасы, Latin Tatarstan Respublikası
b. Russian: Татарстан, Tatar: Татарстан

Sources
Закон №2284 от 14 июля 1999 г. «О государственных символах Республики Татарстан», в ред. Закона №23-ЗРТ от 18 марта 2013 г «О
внесении изменений в Закон Республики Татарстан "О государственных символах Республики Татарстан" в части утверждения
текста Государственного гимна Республики Татарстан"». Вступил в силу со дня опубликования (28 августа 1999 г.). Опубликован:
"Республика Татарстан", №174, 28 августа 1999 г. (Law #2284 of July 14, 1999 On the Symbols of State of the Republic of Tatarstan, as
amended by the Law #23-ZRT of March 18, 2013 On Amending the Part of the Law of the Republic of Tatarstan "On the Symbols of State of
the Republic of Tatarstan" Adopting the Text of the State Anthem of the Republic of Tatarstan. Effective as of the day of publication (August 28,
1999).).
6 ноября 1992 г. «Конституция Республики Татарстан», в ред. Закона №79-ЗРТ от 22 ноября 2010 г. «О внесении изменений в
статьи 65 и 76 Конституции Республики Татарстан». Опубликован: "Ведомости Верховного Совета Татарстана", №9–10, ст. 166, 1992.
(November 6, 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan, as amended by the Law #79-ZRT of November 22, 2010 On Amending
Articles 65 and 76 of the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan. ).
Госкомстат РФ. Государственный комитет Республики Татарстан по статистике. "Административно-территориальное деление
Республики Татарстан" (Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of Tatarstan). Казань, 1997.

Further reading
Ruslan Kurbanov. Tatarstan: Smooth Islamization Sprinkled with Blood (http://www.onislam.net/english/politics/asia/461544-tatarstan-smooth-
islamization-sprinkled-with-blood.html) OnIslam.net. Accessed: Feb. 26, 2013.
Daniel Kalder. Lost Cosmonaut: Observations of an Anti-tourist.
Ravil Bukharev. The Model of Tatarstan: Under President Mintimer Shaimiev.
Azadeayse Rorlich. The Volga Tatars: A Profile in National Resilience.
Roderick Heather. Russia From Red to Black

External links
Media related to Tatarstan at Wikimedia Commons Tatarstan travel guide from Wikivoyage

Official website of the Republic of Tatarstan (http://tatarstan.ru/eng/)


Official website of the Republic of Tatarstan (http://tatarstan.ru/) (in Russian)
Official website of the Republic of Tatarstan (http://tatarstan.ru/tat/) (in Tatar)
Tatar-Inform (https://web.archive.org/web/20090218113049/http://eng.tatar-inform.ru/) information agency
Official Tourist Portal of the Republic of Tatarstan (https://visit-tatarstan.com/)

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tatarstan&oldid=1043926271"

This page was last edited on 12 September 2021, at 18:20 (UTC).

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

You might also like