Q1/A.

Demagntization - this component is in the same plane us main field flux. The direction
of this component is opposite to the direction of the main field flux , with the result it ends
to reduce the effect of the main tained flux.

Cross - magnetising - This component is at right angless to the main field and because
this component crosses the main field flux, it is known as the cross magnetising
component of armatuce flux.

Q1/C.

What is the equalizer ring?

The equalizer rings are low resistance copper conductor which connects those
points in the armature winding which have potential difference between them. If
there are potential differences between such points, the circulating current flows
through equalizer rings rather than brushes































Q1/D.

1. No residual magnetism of field - Rotating armature will not
induce any voltage when there is no field present in the field
poles. So, no voltage will not induce any field current and so
no voltage will build up.
2. Open field connection - Field will not increase with time, as
there is no current in the field. So, armature voltage will not
build up.
3. Field connection reversed - In this scenario, the slight
induced voltage at the armature will always try to oppose the
direction of field and hence voltage will not increase.
4. Field circuit resistance too high -too high field resistance
will prevent the flow of required field current to raise the
armature field voltage further.