Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Y11 - Coordination System
Y11 - Coordination System
COORDINATION
SYSTEM
BLINKING
Mechanism of
Central Nervous
03 Impulse 04 system
Transmission
Cell Body Place for the cytoplasm and the nucleus of the cell
Dendrites Transmit
impulses towards the cell body
Schwann’s Cell Supporting nerve cells in the form of fat that functions to produce
myelin or the whole nerve.
2. Depolarization stage
Neurons are stimulated, Na+ channel
opens and Na+ enters the cell. There's a
change electric charge: extracellular
negatively charged, intracellular
positively charged.
3. Repolarization stage
Na+ channels are closed, K+ channels
open, so K+ goes out. The Condition will
return to the resting stage.
CENTRAL
04 NERVOUS SYSTEM
Central Nervous System
A. Forebrain
B. Midbrain
C. Hindbrain
A. FOREBRAIN
(a) Cerebrum
(b) Thalamus
(c) Hypothalamus
(a) Cerebrum
● It is the most complex and largest part of the brain.
● The outer region of cerebrum is made up of densely
packed nerve cells called cerebral cortex.
● Cerebrum is divided into two parts called left
cerebral hemisphere and right cerebral hemisphere.
● These two hemispheres are joined together by a thick
nerve of band fibres called corpus callosum.
● Each cerebral hemisphere is divided into four lobes
carrying out different functions
(c) Hypothalamus
It is a small region present below the thalamus,
hence the name hypothalamus (hypo means
below). It controls and regulates heartbeat, blood
pressure, hunger, thirst and peristaltic
movements. It acts a connecting link between
endocrine and nervous system because it is
connected to pituitary gland and also controls
B. MIDBRAIN
It is present in the middle of
forebrain so it is named
midbrain (mid means middle).
It controls reflexes of eyes
(pupil size), ears and head.
C. HINDBRAIN
It is present behind forebrain
and midbrain, hence named
hindbrain. It is further divided
into three parts:
(a) Cerebellum
(b) Pons
(c) Medulla oblongata
(a) Cerebellum
● It is leaf-like and the largest part of
hindbrain.
● It is situated below the occipital lobes of
cerebrum behind pons and medulla
oblongata.
● It maintains body balance and posture
for example, walking in a straight line,
riding a bicycle etc.
● It controls and coordinates voluntary
muscular body movements.
● Alcohol affects the cerebellum adversely,
so the person who is drunk generally can't
move steadily.
(a) Pons
● It is present in front of cerebellum
and above the medulla oblongata.
● It acts as bridge between brain and
spinal cord (pons means bridge).
● It is also called biological clock. It deal
primarily with sleep and breathing.
(a) Medulla oblongata
● It is the lowermost portion of brain.
It is roughly triangular and continues
posteriorly into the spinal cord.
● It forms the brain stem along with
pons and midbrain.
● It is the reflex centre to control
activities like salivation, swallowing,
vomiting, breathing, coughing,
sneezing and heartbeat.
● It also controls sleep, consciousness
and activities of cerebrum.
PERIPHERAL
05 NERVOUS SYSTEM
Neurological
06 Disorders and
Diseases
Common Neurological Disorders and
Diseases
Disease/Disorder Description
Stroke
Brain cells die because of an inadequate blood flow; “brain attack”
Parkinson’s Disease
Not enough neurotransmitter made to transmit message from brain to muscles
Red areas
show
where
chemicals
are stored
Teacher: “Okay that’s it for today”
The Students:
Thank
You