Fundamentals of Information

System
Information Engineering
Systems

Erbil Technical Engineering College 2016 Lecturer: Areen Hamad 1

Types of
Information
Systems
Lecture 8
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 Principles and Learning Objectives
 Understand characteristics of operational, managerial, and
executive information systems
 Understand characteristics of transaction processing systems,
management information systems, and executive information
systems

 Understand characteristics of information systems that span

organizational boundaries

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Decision-Making Levels of an Organization
Figure 8-1 Managerial Levels in Organisation
Executive level (top)
• Long-term decisions
• Unstructured decisions
Managerial level (middle)
• Decisions covering weeks and months
• Semi structured decisions
Operational level (bottom)
• Day-to-day decisions
• Structured decisions

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General Types of Information Systems

 Transaction Processing Systems (TPSs)

• Transactions
• Used at Operational level of the organization
Goal: to automate repetitive information processing activities
 Increase speed
 Increase accuracy
 Greater efficiency

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General Types of Information Systems

 Transaction Processing Systems (TPSs Continued)

• Online processing
• Batch processing

o Data input
 Manual data entry
 Semi automated data entry
 Fully automated data entry

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General Types of Information Systems
 Transaction Processing Systems (TPSs Continued)
o Examples:
• Payroll
• Sales and ordering
• Inventory
• Purchasing, receiving, shipping
• Accounts payable and receivable

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General Types of Information Systems

 Management Information Systems (MISs)

o Two Types:
• Management of IS in organizations
• Specific information systems for mid-level managers
 Used at managerial level of the organization

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General Types of Information Systems

 Management Information Systems (MISs Continued)

o Types of reports:
o Scheduled report
o Key-indicator report
o Exception report
o Drill-down report
o Ad hoc report

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General Types of Information Systems

 Management Information Systems (MISs Continued)

o Examples:
• Sales forecasting
• Financial management and forecasting
• Manufacturing planning and scheduling
• Inventory management and planning
• Advertising and product pricing

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General Types of Information Systems
 Decision Support Systems (Executive Support Systems) (DSSs)
• Used at executive level of the organization
• Designed to support organizational decision making
o Data types
 Soft data – news and non analytical data
 Hard data – facts and numbers

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General Types of Information Systems
 Decision Support Systems (Executive Support Systems) (DSSs Continued)
o Examples:
• Executive-level decision making
• Long-range and strategic planning
• Monitoring internal and external events
• Crisis management
• Staffing and labor relations

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General Types of Information Systems
Figure 8-2 General Uses of Information System Types by Organizational Levels

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Other Types of Information Systems
 Expert Systems (ESs)
• Mimics human expertise by manipulating knowledge
• Rules (If-then)
• Inferencing

 Office Automation Systems (OASs)

o Examples:
• Communicating and scheduling
• Document preparation
• Analyzing data
• Consolidating information
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Other Types of Information Systems
 Collaboration Technologies
• Virtual teams
• Videoconferencing
• Groupware
• Electronic Meeting Systems (EMSs)
 Functional Area Information Systems
o Geared toward specific areas in the company:
• Human Resources
• Benefits
• Marketing
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