DANCE

- German word “damson” means “to stretch” or to “drag”

- Dance May be the Oldest among all the arts
- The music of early man came from stamping of feet, clapping of hands,
snapping of fingers, or any sounds that can produce rhythm.
- Dancing is an art that needs no instrument.
- Dance is a precise expression of one’s emotion through graceful movements,
perform with musical accompaniment.
- is an activity which can take many forms and fill many different needs.
- It can be recreation , entertainment, education , therapy, and religion.
- In its purest and most basic form , dance is art, the art of body movement.”

MYERS (2005)

- Dance differs from athletics or other daily activities , dance focuses

primarilyon “anaesthetic or even entertaining experience”

REASONS OF PEOPPLE FOR DANCING

- to please the godS

- to please otherS
- to please themselves (self-expression)
- to build community within an ethnic group(social-interaction)

BENEFITS

PHYSICAL BENEFITS:

- Develops cardiovascular and muscular endurance

- Improvescoordination, balance, flexibility, and body composition
- Lowers risk of cardio vascular diseases
- Lowers body mass index
- Lowers resting heart rate
- Improves lipid metabolism
- Enables joint mobility (hip motion and spine flexibility)
- Helps improve and maintain bone density, thus helping prevent osteoporosis
- Helps recover coordination and neuromuscular skills after injury

MENTAL BENEFITS
 - Helps keep the brain sharp
- Decreases incidence of dementia and Alzheimer’sdisease
- Decreases depressive symptoms
- Increases self-esteem and improves body image
- Aids in releasing emotional and physical tension

SOCIAL BENEFITS

- Gives sense of togetherness within agroup

- Encourages positive social interaction and Interpersonal relationship in a
group
- Contributes to the individual’s potential forself-actualization insociety

CULTURAL

- Promotes cultural values

- Expand social and cultural interaction
- Preserves culture

HISTORY

PRE-HISTORIC PERIOD

- The first use of dance was a gesture

- Means of communication
- Incorporated dance in their religious ceremonies and festival activities
- expressing and reinforcing tribal unity and strength
- man danced originally to supplicate the gods on all important occasions of
life”
- birth, puberty, courtship, marriage and death
- People from pre-historic era performed ways they hoped would appease the
forces of nature or give them new powers of their own.
- Not yet been fully recorded
- during the pre-Christian era that the real knowledge of dance came about
within the great Mediterranean and Middle Eastern civilizations.

ANCIENT EGYPT

- Dance became full-blown and was richly recorded in ancient Egypt.

 - as reflected in their wallpaintings, reliefs, and in the literary record in
hieroglyphs.
- Most of the dances during this era were chiefly a medium of religious
expression.
- Dance was the ancient Egyptians primary way of expressing their religious
services and teaching about their ancient myths
- Dance was also a popular form of entertainmentØIRENE LEXOVA (author
from 20thcentury) classifies dance of ancient Egyptians into categories:
o Pure movement or spontaneous dances, acrobatic dances, imitative
dances, pair dances, war dances, dramatic dances, religious dances,
and funeral dances.
o The major dances are:
▪ 1.The king
▪ 2.Priest who performed magical dances for the gods and other
spiritual entities
▪ 3.The virgin dances who were trained to perform during
ceremonies led by the priest.

ANCCIENT CRETE

- The ancient Crete civilization, which existed form 3000 to 1400BC, was a
cultural links in the ancient world between Egyptians and Greek
- Cretans are rich in ar ts and culture
- Like Egyptians their dances intertwined religious ceremonies and fertility
rites.
- Dance themes included military training, healing, religious, rituals, and
entertainment.
- Cretans had an excellent army because they used dance to per fect their
trainings.(Greek writer Homer)

ANCIENT GREECE

- Dance in ancient Greece were extremely organized and structured

- Dance was the essential part of the religious, celebrations, entertainment
and theatrical performances.
- an aid to military education among the boys in Athens and Sparta.
- even the army performed a dance which “Inflamed courage and gave
strength to preserve in the paths of honor and valor.”
 - Phoraiand Cheironomia-are Greek terms that describe the carriage of the
boy during dance or mimetic gestures.
- The Greek also used dance as an aid to education, in general as Greek
philosophers such as Plato and, Aristotle, and Socrates strongly supported
this art as an integration of the body and soul

ANCIENT ROME

- Dances from the roman era were primary performed for religious, social and
entertainment purposes.
- It became brutal and sensationalized as their entertainers were slavesand
captives from many nationalities.
- The ancient Rome gave less importance to dancing as the nation grew
wealthy and powerful.
- Wealthy romans generally did not dance but they preferred to hire and
watch dancers
- It was used more often for gruesome purposes.
- It eventually became an integral part of the corruption in the latter days of
the Roman Empire, resulting in the condemnation of dance by the early
Christians.
- Pantomime and mimes were among the famous performances during the
roman period
- The term pantomime refers to a performance by an actor or solo dancer who
does not speak but acts in a stylized forms.

THE MIDDLE AGES(500-1500 A.D) AND RENAISSANCE PERIOD(14th -

17thCENTURY)

- After the fall of Rome, the history of dance transformed following the
development ofthe Catholic Church.
- Dance played a vital part in peoples lives during this period as a way to show
their manners and as a form celebration, amusement and enter tainment.
- During the middle ages,dance was associated with either the
church(liturgical or sacred)or the society (secular).
- Feudalism and knighthood prospered during 12thcentury.
- Knights wore their armor during training, but seldom dance in it because of
its weight.
 - Chivalry transformed dancing, giving it a code of etiquette, manners and
country love.

ELEMENTS OF DANCE

SPACE

- this is the area the performers occupy and where they move.

DIRECTION

- dance movements can travel in any direction.

o Forward
o Backward
o Diagonal
o Circular

SIZE

- Movements can be varied by doing larger or smaller actions

LEVEL

- Movements can be done in high, medium or low level

FOCUS

- Performers may change their focus by looking different directions

TIMING

- Performers may change their focus by looking different directions

DANCE ENERGIES

SUSTAINED

- Movements are done smoothly continuously and with flow and control. It
does not have clear beginning and ending.

PERCUSSIVE

- Movements are explosive or sharp in contrast with sustained movements.

 - It has clear beginning and ending.

VIBRATORY

- Movements consist of trembling or shaking.

SWINGING

- Movements trace a curved line or an arch in space.

SUSPENDED

- Movements are perched in space or hanging on air. Holding a raised leg

in any direction is an example of a suspended movement.

COLLAPSING

- Movements are perched in space or hanging on air. Holding a raised leg

in any direction is an example of a suspended movement.

BODILY SHAPES

SYMMETRICAL

- Balanced shape, movements are practically identical or similar on both

sides.

Asymmetrical

- Unbalanced shape, movements of two sides of the body do not math or

completely different from each other.

GROUP SHAPES

SYMMETRICAL

- narrow group shape

ASYMMETRICAL

- rounded group shape

folk dance
 - is a form of dance developed by a group of people that reflects the
traditional life of the people of a certain country or region.
- Folk dances are the indigenous dances of any specific “folk” or the
common people. They are traditional customary or recreational dance
forms of a given country which have evolved and naturally and were
handed down across the generations.

Francisca reyes aquino (1889-1983)

- a Filipino folk dancer and academic noted for her research on Philippine
folk dance.
- Known as the “mother of PhilipPine folk dancing.” Spearheaded the
development of Philippine folk dances.
- She WAS SUPPORTED BY HER HUSBAND, RAMON P. TOLENTINO, IN
PROMOTING PHILIPPINE FOLK DANCES IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION
CLASSES
- HER FRIEND, ANTONIO BUENAVENTURA, ASSISTED HER IN
COMPOSING AND RECORDING THE MUSIC FOR THE DANCES.

▪ Tribal dances from the cordilleras- include non-Christian dances from

cordillera

▪ Lowland Christian dances- these dances are influenced by Hispanic and

European cultures.

▪ Muslim dance-these dances are influenced by Arabic and indo-Malayan

cultures.

Luzon

- is the northern part of the country.

- It includes the different cordilleras tribes such as Ifugao, Benguet,
bontoc , apayao, and kalinga which contributed much to the dance trove
of the Philippines.
 banga dance
▪ Shows the cordillera women on their way to the river to
fetch water for their families.
▪ This dance projects the skill, strength, grace, and agility of
the women as they carry five or six clay pots full of water
on their heads.

Visayas

▪ is a group of islands in the central Philippines. It is considered the

melting pot of diverse cultures and traditions.

▪ Most visayan dances have western, arabian, and Spanish influences.

▪ The upbeat rhythm of the dances reflects the happy character and
outlook of the people.

▪ Their dances frequently draw inspiration from animal movements.

TINIKLING

▪ - It mimics the movement of the tinikling bird hopping over

shrubs, grasses, or bamboo traps set by farmers .

▪ Dancers display remarkable grace while jumping and hopping

between two bamboo poles.

MINDANAO

▪ Lies in the southern part of the country.

▪ Its dances often reflect the religion and culture of muslim filipinos.

SINGKIL DANCE

▪ Singkil dance takes its name from the bells worn on the
ankles of the muslim princess.

▪ Represents the epic legend “darangan” of the maranao

people .

▪ It tells the frateful story of princess gandingan who was

caught in the middle of forest during an earthquake caused
by the fairies.
 ▪ the crisscross rhythmic clapping bamboo poles signifies
falling trees which the princess gracefully avoids.

▪ Her loyal slave accompanies her throughout the ordeal and

finally a prince saves her.

▪ Dancers wear serious and regal faces and dignified posture

from a slow pace progressing o a fast tempo while skillfully
maneuvering the fans which symbolized the wind.

FIRST POSITION

- Both arms are raised in front of chest with rounded elbows.

- Heels together, 45 degrees open

SECOND POSITION

- Arms are opened sideward with rounded elbows.

- Feet apart about one foot away from each other.

THIRD POSITION

- Right arm is raised above then head and left arm is maintained in second
position.
- Right heel close to the left in-step

FOURTH POSITION

- Right arm is maintained above the head and left arm is placed in first
position.
- Right foot placed in front of the left foot about one foot away from
each other.

FIFTH POSITION

- Both arms are raised above the head with rounded elbows.
- Right heel close to the left big toe
-