Organic Chemistry

Dibromoalkane
Cracking
5 Thermal: 500°C /20atm Oil
Alkene Cat: Zeolite/200°C Alkane Fractional distillation
350°C
1 H H
C C
Alkyl 10 2 C C
hydrogensulfate H2, Ni
180°C
H H
300°C
70atm 4 180°C Free radical
3 6
Cat:H3PO4 c. H2SO4 9 substitution
180°C Halogen X2
NaBr(s) Amide
K2Cr2O7 11 c. H2SO4
U.V. light O
d. H2SO4 Reflux
Ketone Heat and distil Alcohol 7 Halogenoalkane C
Oxidation
O -X R NH2
-OH 8

C KOH(aq)
NaBH4 or Primary Reflux NaCN (alc)
Acylchloride or
Nucleophilic Reflux
LiAlH4 Acidanhydride
substitution 16 Nucleophilic
reduction 180°C 18
K2Cr2O7 substitution
NaBH4 or
Note: 3° alcohol do not d. H2SO4
LiAlH4
undergo oxidation : the C Heat and distil (reduction)
19
holding the –OH does Oxidation
Nitrile Amine
not have H attach to it Aldehyde 17
H
O R C N R C
H2, Ni cat,200°C
Aldehyde/ketone
I C H Or LiAlH4 H
Brady's reagent 2,4- In ether + hydrolysis
Alcohol
DNPH Reduction
NaBH4 or K2Cr2O7 c.H2SO4
I c.H2SO4 Reflux
Solid derivitive
LiAalH4
Reflux Ester
(reduction) 13
14 O

Carboxylic
R C O R'
15
O acid Reflux, 19
HCl (aq) or NaOH
C OH then HCl(aq)

Mechanisms

1 6 10 13

11

14

15

2
7

16

17

5 9
12
18

Halogenoalkane
With hydroxide ions
If solvent is water:
nucleophilic substitution
Alcohol: elimination