LABORATORY EXPERIMENT NO.

9
NEUTRALIZATION TITRATION

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
 Assemble the apparatus required for titration.
 Describe the function of each part of the titration apparatus.
 Perform a titration experiment virtually.
 Describe the role of the 3 main reagents used in a titration: sample, titrant, and
indicator.
 Explain what is the endpoint of a titration and the role of the indicator.
 Explain why the use of high-precision volumetric material is essential for a titration.
 Calculate the concentration of the titrated solution from the results of the titration
experiment.

Assessment with the acidity of Agloe Lake is needed to be able to determine the
concentration of the sulfuric acid in the lake to came up to a proper plan to neutralize the
acid because there is local wildlife that is also in danger from the acid lake pollution. To
be able to help the lake ecosystem we need to find out the acids concentration so we can
neutralize it.

Pre - Caution:
In this type of experiment, we are handling a strong acids and alkalis, so you need to wear
a proper personal protection equipment (PPE). In a laboratory setting, the PPE you should
wear are:
 Closed Shoes
 Goggles or Eye Protection
 Laboratory Coat
 Gloves

Acid Alkali Titration

 an analytic method or technique which is used to determine concentration of an acid
or alkali in a sample, by comparing it to the concentration of an alkali or acid in a
standard solution.
1. The burette is filled with a standard solution.
2. A clamp holds the burette.
3. The flask contains a solution of unknown concentration and indicator.
 To reduce the risk when working with concentrated acids and bases, diluting an acidic
solution will decrease the concentration of H+(aq) ions. This causes the pH to increase
towards 7.
 Concentrated acids are corrosive.

MATERIALS:
 Burette stand
 Clamp
 Burette (50mL) is a type of volumetric glassware typically used for titration which
dispense solution in an accurate volume, and it is the main apparatus when
performing a titration.
 Magnetic Stirrer Plate is used to constantly mix the liquid while heating it up.
 Lake Water Sample has been contaminated with sulfuric acid from the train crash and
it might contain a fairly high concentration of sulfuric acid.
 Volumetric flask is used to obtain an accurate and precise volume.
 Pipette filler
 Bulb Pipette 25mL & 10mL
 Conical Flask
 Distilled water (501mL H2O solution)
 Biohazard Container/ Conical Flask Bin
 Funnel
 Beaker
 Thymolphthalein (111M with 5.00mL H2O solution)
 Thymol Blue (111M with 5.00mL H2O solution)
 Volumetric Flask Stopper

STANDARD SOLUTIONS
 0.15 M Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
 0.15 M Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)
 0.15 M Acetic Acid (CH3COOH)
 0.15 M Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

APPARATUS SET UP
1. Burette
2. Clamp
3. Burette stand
4. Magnetic stir plate

Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of a solute in solution, usually by

mixing it with more solvent.
C 1 V 1=C 2 V 2
Where,
 C 1= concentration of stock solution (before dilution) in mol/L.
 V 1= volume of stock solution (before dilution) in L.
 C 2= concentration of stock solution (after dilution) in mol/L.
 V 2= volume of stock solution (after dilution) in L.

PROCEDURES:
1. Assemble the apparatus.
2. Transfer 25mL of the water lake sample to a 250mL volumetric flask using 25mL
bulb pipette.
3. Filled the volumetric flask with distilled water until it reaches the red 250mL

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 calibration mark on the volumetric flask neck.
4. Pour the contents of the volumetric flask into the beaker.
5. Fill the burette with correct standard solution (NaOH) and don’t forget to use a
funnel.
6. Add minimal 45mL of titrant into the burette.
7. Using a bulb pipette, transfer 25mL of diluted water sample into a conical flask
8. Add the correct indicator.
9. Place the conical flask under the burette.
10. Place magnetic stirrer into the conical flask
11. Slowly add the alkali from the burette into the flask by using slider until end point
is reached.
12. Record the final reading.

At the equivalence point the amount of acid and base is the same. It means that the
neutralization happens at the equivalence point. Neutralization between NaOH, a strong
alkali and H2SO4, a strong acid, will have a pH equal to 7. A burette contains titrant, a
solution with known concentration.

TITRATION SUMMARY
1. Indicators
 You should add one indicator. Adding none or more than one can hinder you
in determining the end point.
2. Titrant
 On the experiment we use NaOH.
3. Titration
 Slow the addition of the alkali near the end point. Stop titration when the
indicator changes color.
4. Titer
 Press the record button before and after the titration procedure.
Rough 1 2 3
Final Burette Reading (mL) 27.50 23.35 25.70 21.95
Initial Burette Reading (mL) 3.20 1.30 2.65 0.00
Titre 24.3 22.05 23.05 21.95

Just ignore the rough titration result. The results of titrations 1,3, and 4 are concordant
and titration 2 is too high. Calculate the mean titre for titrations 1,3, and 4 and ignore
titration 2.
Mean Titre= (22.05 + 21.95 + 22.00)/3
= 22.00 mL

Volume of Sodium Hydroxide needed to Titrate 50mL

Concentration of Sodium Hydroxide 0.15 M
Volume of Sulfuric Acid 25mL
H 2 SO4 +2 NaOH → Na2 SO4 +2 H 2 O
Concentration 0.0906 0.15
Volume 25 30.2mL

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 Moles 0.002265 0.00453

Moles of NaOH
Moles= concentration (M) x volume of solution (L)
= 0.15 x 0.0302
=0.00453 mol
=4.53 x 10-3 mol NaOH
Moles of H2SO4
Use stoichiometry of the balanced equation to calculates the moles of H2SO4.
Moles of H2SO4= moles of NaOH x 0.5
=0.00453 x 0.5
= 2.265 x 10-3 mol
Concentration of H2SO4
Concentration (M) = number of solute (mol)/ volume of solution (L)
= 0.002265/ 0.025
= 0.0906 M
Concentration of H2SO4 after dilution (10x)
Concentration of H2SO4 (M) = 10 x concentration of diluted H2SO4 (M)
= 10 x 0.0906
= 0.906 M
Lime treatment or liming is the addition of limestone to neutralize acidic waters and
buffer them from rapid fluctuations in pH. Balance Neutralization reaction:
H 2 SO 4 +CaO →CaSO 4 + H 2 O . Limestone is the base material to make calcium oxide.
Step 1. Calculate the moles of acid.
Moles= concentration (mol/L) x volume of solution (L)
= 0.906 mol/L x 5.4 x 1013 L
= 4.86 x 1013 mol
Step 2. Calculate the mass of CaO
Mass = moles x Molar Mass
= 4.86 x 1013 mol x 56.1 g/mol
= 2.73 x 1015 g
It means that we need to add 2.73 x 1015 g of lime to be able to neutralize the acidic water
of the lake.