Instructional Module in Academic Writing: CSTC College of Sciences Technology and Communication, Inc

CSTC COLLEGE OF SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND
COMMUNICATION, INC.
CSTC College Bldg. Gen. Luna St. Maharlika Hi-way, Pob. 3, Arellano Sub. Sariaya Province of Quezon R4A
Registrar’s Office: 042 3290850 / 042 7192818
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Atimonan Contact Number: 042 7171420
Instructional Module in Academic Writing
Preliminaries
I. Module Number 2
II. Module Title Narrative Paragraphs
Narrative paragraphs and essays tell a story. This story
is usually from your own personal experience, but it may
also be an event that happened to someone else or a
historical event. Narratives usually have a beginning,
middle, and an end, but the story does not have to be told
in chronological order. Your narrative should have a
purpose for being told, and the audience should gain some
III. Brief Introduction
new insight or perspective after reading it. When writing a
narrative in response to a prompt, be sure that the
connection between the prompt and your narrative is clear.
For example, if you are asked to write a narrative that
demonstrates your leadership experience, it should be
clear to the reader how the story you’re writing about
demonstrates this experience
At the end of this module, the students are expected

to:
1. Identify the concept of time order and timer order
signals.
2. Distinguish between simple and compound
IV. Module Outcomes sentences.
3. Get acquainted with the different punctuations
marks.
4. Identify and perform the concept of free writing.
5. Enhance understanding by performing the prepared
activities.
Lesson Number 1
Time Order and Signals, Compound Sentences,
Lesson Title
Punctuations, and Free Writing
This lesson will help you understand the concept and

importance of time order and time order signals. It will also
make a quick recap on the concept of compound sentences
which have been part of your studies in the previous years,
Brief Introduction to the
as well as the different punctuations and three comma
Lesson
rules. You will also have a glimpse of how free writing
happens being one of the techniques in the pre-writing
stage. All of these are important pre-requisites that have to
be applied as you progress towards the next modules.
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

1. Identify the concept of time order and signals by
filling in a given paragraph.
2. Distinguish between simple and compound
sentences.
3. Identify and place the missing commas in sentences
by applying the learned concept in the three comma
Lesson Objectives
rule.
4. Compose a paragraph with emphasis on the use of
compound sentences and coordinating conjunctions.
5. Identify the necessary punctuation marks in the
given sample business letter.
6. Reflect on relevant learning experiences.
7. Free write and finalize a topic of their choice.
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Lesson Proper
Getting Started
Directions: Narrate any peculiar experience that you had during the quarantine period.
Apply all that you have learned in the previous lessons, but this time, try activate your
schema on compound sentences and proper punctuations. Apply it as you begin your
narration.
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I. Introduction / Discussion of Content (Including processing of content & suggested

activities)
Narration is story writing. When you write a narrative paragraph, you write about
events in the order that they happen. In other words, you use time order to organize your
sentences. As you read the model paragraph, look for words and phrases that tell when
something happened.
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In the model narrative paragraph, the writer used time order to tell what happened first,
what happened next, what happened after that, and so on. Notice the kinds of words and
phrases used to show time order. These are called time order signals because they signal
the order in which events happen.
TIME ORDER SIGNALS
WORDS PHRASES
Finally At last,
First (second, third, etc.) At 12:00,
Later After a while,
Meanwhile After that,
Next Before beginning the lesson,
Now In the morning,
Soon The next day,
Put a comma after a time order signal that comes before the subject at the beginning
of a sentence. (Exception: Then, soon, and now are usually not followed by a comma.)
At first, none of us realized what was happening.
For a minute or two, we were too scared to move.
Then we tried to call our parents at work.
COMPOUND SENTENCES with And, But, So, and Or

A compound sentence joins two or more independent clauses with a coordinator such
as for, and, or but, or a semi-colon.
Independent clauses are two phrases that can stand alone as a complete thought.
They're not dependent upon one another to express a complete thought, but they tie
together similar ideas.
This makes compound sentences distinct from complex sentences, which contain an
independent clause joined by at least one dependent clause. A dependent clause does not
form a complete thought and cannot stand alone.
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
COORDINATING CONJUNCTION EXAMPLE
He dropped a rice ball, and it rolled into a

And joins sentences that are alike.
hole in the ground.
But joins sentences that are opposite or
They were happy, but they were poor.
show contrast.
So joins sentences when the second
The greedy man wanted all of the mice’s
sentence expresses the result of
gold, so he pretended to be a cat.
something described in the first sentence.
Or joins sentences that give choices or He could choose a big box, or he could
alternatives. choose a small one.
Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction in compound sentences only. Do not

use a comma to join two words or two phrases in a simple sentence.
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Yesterday we went shopping, but we didn't buy anything.

The stores were crowded, and they were noisy.
We ate lunch, and then we went home.
PUNCTUATIONS
Punctuation marks are essential when you are writing. They show the reader where
sentences start and finish and if they are used properly. They make your writing easy to
understand.
PUNCTUATION
SYMBOL DEFINITION EXAMPLES
MARK
An apostrophe is used as a
substitute for a missing letter or I can't see the cat's
letters in a word (as in the tail.
contraction cannot = can't), to show
the possessive case (Jane's room), Dot your i's and
Apostrophe ‘ and in the plural of letters, some cross your t's.
numbers and abbreviations.
100's of years.
Note: groups of years no longer
require an apostrophe (for example,
the 1950s or the 90s).
There are many
punctuation marks:
A colon is used before a list or quote. period, comma,
A colon is used to separate hours colon, and others.
and minutes.
Colon :
The time is 2:15.
A colon is used to separate elements
of a mathematical ratio. The ratio of girls to
boys is 3:2.
A comma is used to separate She bought milk,

Comma ,
phrases or items in a list. eggs, and bread.
The dash is also
known as an "em
dash" because it is
A dash is used to separate parts of a
Dash — the length of a
sentence.
printed letter M — it
is longer than a
hyphen.
An ellipsis (three dots) indicates that
Ellipsis ... part of the text has been intentionally 0, 2, 4, ... , 100
been left out.
Exclamation An exclamation point is used to show
! It is cold!
Point excitement or emphasis.
A hyphen is used between parts of a
The sixteen-year-
compound word or name. It is also
Hyphen - old girl is a full-time
used to split a word by syllables to fit
student.
on a line of text.
Parentheses are curved lines used This sentence (like
Parentheses ( ) to separate explanations or others on this page)
qualifying statements within a contains a
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sentence (each one of the curved

lines is called a parenthesis). The parenthetical
part in the parentheses is called a remark.
parenthetical remark.
A period is used to note the end of a
Period . I see the house.
declarative sentence.
A question mark is used at the end When are we
Question Mark ?
of a question. going?
Quotation marks are used at the

beginning and end of a phrase to She said, "Let's
Quotation Mark “
show that it is being written exactly eat."
as it was originally said or written.
Class was
cancelled today; Mr.
Smith was home
A semicolon separates two
sick.
independent clauses in a compound
sentence.
Semicolon ; Relatives at the
A semicolon is also used to separate
reunion included my
items in a series (where commas are
older brother, Bob;
already in use).
my cousin, Art; and
my great-aunt,
Mattie.
THREE COMMA RULES
RULE EXAMPLE
Yesterday, I did homework for three hours.

1. Put a comma after a time order signal
that comes before the subject at the
Finally, I was too tired to think.
beginning of a sentence. Then, soon, and
now are usually not followed by a comma.
At 8:00, I fell asleep on the sofa.
2. Put a comma after the first sentence in
a compound sentence. Put the comma I was too tired to think, so I decided to take
before the coordinating conjunction. a break and watch TV for a while.
Note: Don’t use a comma between two But I woke up and finished my homework.
parts of a simple sentence.
I got up, took a shower, drank up a coffee,

3. Put a comma between the items in a
grabbed my books, and ran out the door.
series of three or more items. The items
may be words, phrases, or clauses.
Red, white, and blue are the colors of the
U.S. flag.
Note: Don’t use a comma between only
two items.
But red and gold are the school colors.
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FREEWRITING
Free writing is another pre-writing technique. When you free write, you write "freely"
without stopping-on a topic for a specific amount of time. You just write down sentences as
you think of them without worrying about whether your sentences are correct or not. You
also don't have to punctuate sentences or capitalize words. You can even write incomplete
sentences or phrases. The main goal in free writing is to keep your pencil moving across the
paper.
This writer free wrote until she found a good topic: the earthquake. If she had wanted to,
she could have done further free writing about her earthquake experience to develop this topic.
SUMMING UP!
These are the important points covered in this chapter:
1. Narration is the kind of writing that you do when you tell a story.
2. Use time order words and phrases to show when each part of the story
happens.
3. A compound sentence is composed of two simple sentences joined by a

comma and a coordinating conjunction.
4. Four coordinating conjunctions are and, but, so, and or.
5. Commas are used
• after most time order signals at the beginning of a sentence.
• in compound sentences.
• between items in a series.

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II. Application
A. Directions: Complete the paragraph with time order signals from the list provided. Capitalize
and punctuate them correctly. Use each word or phrase once. There is more than one possible
word or phrase to fill in some of the blanks.
THANKSGIVING
B. Directions: Read the following sentences. Write CS if it is a compound sentence, SS

otherwise.
Monsieur Seguin's Goat A Folktale from France

______1. A long time ago, high in the Alps, an old man lived with his goat, Blanchette.
______2. She was a wonderful white goat and was very kind to her master, Monsieur Seguin.
______3. They had lived together for many years.
______4. Blanchette was always fastened to a tree.
______5. She was often sad and sometimes she didn't eat her food.
______6. Every day, she looked at the big mountains and dreamed of being free to explore
them.
______7. One day, she asked her master for more freedom.
______8. "You can tie me with a longer rope or you can build a special enclosure for me,"
said Blanchette.
______9. At first, he tied her with a longer rope but Blanchette was still sad.
______10. A few days later, he built a special enclosure.
______11. For a while, Blanchette was very happy about this decision but soon the
enclosure seemed very small in front of the big mountains.
______12. One summer morning, Blanchette decided to leave for the mountains so she
jumped out of the enclosure and ran away.
______13. "I am free," she said.
______14. She ate many varieties of plants and enjoyed meeting new friends.
______15. All day, she ran in the Alps.
C. Directions: Identify the necessary commas in the following sentences.

1. Daisy Tomiko Keiko and Nina live near the college that they all attend.
2. Tomiko and Keiko are from Japan and Nina and Daisy are from Mexico.
3. Nina and Keiko have the same birthday. Both girls were born on June 3 on different
continents.
4. Last week the girls decided to have a joint birthday party so they invitedseveral friends for
dinner.
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5. Nina wanted to cook Mexican food but Keiko wanted to have Japanese food.
6. Finally they agreed on the menu.
7. They served Japanese tempura Mexican arroz con pollo Chinese stir-fried vegetables and
American ice cream.
8. First Nina made the rice.
9. Then Keiko cooked the tempura.
10. After that Tomiko prepared the vegetables.
11. After dinner Daisy served the dessert.
12. The guests could choose chocolate ice cream or vanilla ice cream with chocolate sauce.
III. Assessment & Reflection
WRITING EXERCISE
A. Directions: Choose one topic and write a paragraph. In your paragraph, focus on
writing compound sentences. Try to use the coordinating conjunctions and, but, so, and or
at least one time each.
 Positive experiences during the pandemic
 Academic struggles in the new normal
 Views on the plans of the government towards CoViD-19.
Rubrics:
20-18 17-15 14-12 5-1

11-6
Aspect (Excellent to (Good to (Adequate (Not college
(Unacceptable)
Good) Adequate) to Fair) work level)
Content
Grammar
Neatnes
s
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B. Directions: Identify the necessary punctuation marks in the business lettter found
below.
REFLECTION
Directions: Read and reflect on the following statement below.
20-18 17-15 14-12 5-1

11-6
Aspect (Excellent to (Good to (Adequate (Not college
(Unacceptable)
Good) Adequate) to Fair) work level)
Content
Grammar
Neatnes
s
1. How do punctuations important in conceptualizing a text or paragraph?

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2. What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of doing freewriting?
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3. Sum up your overall understanding.

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IV. Enrichment
Directions: Free write anything on the first box provided below. Never stop. Never hesitate
until you finally come up with an interesting topic. Afterwards, finalize it then write it on the
second box. Do not use any scratch paper. Just free write everything on the first box.
Free write here:

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Your final output here:
V. References
(n.d.). Retrieved from University of Leeds:
https://library.leeds.ac.uk/info/14011/writing/106/academic_writing#:~:text=Show%20all
%20contents-,Contents,long%20sentences%20and%20complicated%20vocabulary.
The Writing Center • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/paragraphs/
Engchanted Learning. (2018). Retrieved from
https://www.enchantedlearning.com/grammar/punctuation/
GrammarBook.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.grammarbook.com/punctuation/capital.asp
Kaplan University Writing Center. (2011, September). Retrieved from
http://www.montereysat.com/uploads/5/1/5/3/51535499/the_topic_sentence_and_paragraph
_organizationrev.pdf
Lexico. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.lexico.com/grammar/punctuation
Mt. San Antonio College. (2019, September 3). Retrieved from The Writing Center:
https://www.mtsac.edu/writingcenter/dlas/narrative_and_descriptive_paragraphs_dla_09-03-
19.pdf
Nordquist, R. (2020, June 6). Though Co. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/model-
descriptive-paragraphs-1690573
Olson, D. R. (n.d.). Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/writing
Oshima, A., & Hogue, A. (2007). Introduction to Academic Writing . Pearson Education, 10 Bank Street,
White Plains, NY 10606: Pearson Education, Inc.
Simple Sentences. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://schools.misd.org/upload/page/0747/Lesson%2012%20-
%20Simple%20Sentences.pdf
SUU Writing Center. (2016, May 17). Retrieved from https://www.suu.edu/hss/writingcenter/pdf/tip-
sheets/prepositional-phrases.pdf
Topnotcher. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://topnotcher.ph/paragraph-organization-practice-test/
Writing at CSU. (2020). Retrieved from https://writing.colostate.edu/guides/page.cfm?
pageid=555&guideid=29#:~:text=Organization%20in%20writing%20is%20how,affects%20how
%20readers%20interpret%20ideas.
Writing Lab. (2009). Retrieved from https://www.american.edu/provost/academic-
access/upload/paragraph-unity-and-coherence.pdf
Your Dictionary. (n.d.). Retrieved from Example Articles and Resources:
https://examples.yourdictionary.com/
Your Dictionary. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/sentences/compound-
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sentences.html
Prepared by: Reviewed by:
MARIA ROWENA B. SOLOMON,Ph.D. JOHN MARC R. MENDOZA, MAEd, MLIS

Faculty Instructor Program Head, School of Teacher Education
Validated by: Approved by:
JENIFFER OESTAR, Ph.D. JESS JAY M. SAJISE, DBA

Internal Validator, English Vice President of Academic Affairs External

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CSTC COLLEGE OF SCIENCES TECHNOLOGY AND

Instructional Module in Academic Writing

At the end of this module, the students are expected

This lesson will help you understand the concept and

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:

I. Introduction / Discussion of Content (Including processing of content & suggested

TIME ORDER SIGNALS

At first, none of us realized what was happening.

For a minute or two, we were too scared to move.

Then we tried to call our parents at work.

COMPOUND SENTENCES with And, But, So, and Or

COORDINATING CONJUNCTION EXAMPLE

He dropped a rice ball, and it rolled into a

Use a comma before a coordinating conjunction in compound sentences only. Do not

Yesterday we went shopping, but we didn't buy anything.

A comma is used to separate She bought milk,

sentence (each one of the curved

Quotation marks are used at the

THREE COMMA RULES

Yesterday, I did homework for three hours.

I got up, took a shower, drank up a coffee,

These are the important points covered in this chapter:

3. A compound sentence is composed of two simple sentences joined by a

4. Four coordinating conjunctions are and, but, so, and or.

5. Commas are used

• after most time order signals at the beginning of a sentence.

• between items in a series.

B. Directions: Read the following sentences. Write CS if it is a compound sentence, SS

Monsieur Seguin's Goat A Folktale from France

C. Directions: Identify the necessary commas in the following sentences.

20-18 17-15 14-12 5-1

20-18 17-15 14-12 5-1

1. How do punctuations important in conceptualizing a text or paragraph?

3. Sum up your overall understanding.

Free write here:

Your final output here:

Prepared by: Reviewed by:

MARIA ROWENA B. SOLOMON,Ph.D. JOHN MARC R. MENDOZA, MAEd, MLIS

Validated by: Approved by:

JENIFFER OESTAR, Ph.D. JESS JAY M. SAJISE, DBA

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