Unit 5 Illiteracy

Tiếng Anh 11 (Ngữ pháp + Bài tập)
RELATIVE CLAUSES (Mệnh đề quan hệ)

Mệnh đề không xđ: là những cái mệnh đề mà có cũng đc không có cũng đc. Thường có dấu phẩy,
gạch ngang
Mr hoang, who is the most handsome man in the world, studied at my school.
Mrs hoa – the best student – plays tennis very well.
Mệnh đề qh xác định

I. CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ:
1. WHO:
- làm chủ từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người
….. N (person) + WHO + V + O
2. WHOM:
- làm túc từ cho động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người
…..N (person) + WHOM + S + V
3. WHICH:
- làm chủ từ hoặc túc từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
- thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật
….N (thing) + WHICH + V + O
….N (thing) + WHICH + S + V
4. THAT:
- có thể thay thế cho vị trí của who, whom, which trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định
* Các trường hợp thường dùng “that”:
- khi đi sau các hình thức so sánh nhất
- khi đi sau các từ: only, the first, the last
I love marry and her books. That makes me happy
=> I love marry and her book that makes me happy
- khi danh từ đi trước bao gôm cả người và vật
- khi đi sau các đại từ bất định, đại từ phủ định, đại từ chỉ số lượng: no one, nobody, nothing,
anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any, little, none.
Ex: He was the most interesting person that I have ever met.
It was the first time that I heard of it.
These books are all that my sister left me.
She talked about the people and places that she had visited.
* Các trường hợp không dùng that:
- trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (có dấu , - ( )
- sau giới từ
In which, from whom
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5. WHOSE: dùng để chỉ sở hữu cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật, thường thay cho các từ: her, his, their,
hoặc hình thức ‘s
…..N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V ….
whose pen are you using ?
6. WHY: mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ chỉ lý do, thường thay cho cụm for the reason, for that reason.
…..N (reason) + WHY + S + V …
Ex: I don’t know the reason. You didn’t go to school for that reason.
→ I don’t know the reason why you didn’t go to school.
7. WHERE: thay thế từ chỉ nơi chốn, thường thay cho there
….N (place) + WHERE + S + V ….
(WHERE = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
Ex: a/ The hotel wasn’t very clean. We stayed t that hotel.
→ The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean.
→ The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t very clean.
8. WHEN: thay thế từ chỉ thời gian, thường thay cho từ then
….N (time) + WHEN + S + V …
(WHEN = ON / IN / AT + WHICH)
Ex: Do you still remember the day? We first met on that day.
→ Do you still remember the day when we first met?
→ Do you still remember the day on which we first met?
I don’t know the time. She will come back then.
→ I don’t know the time when she will come back.
II. CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ:

1. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (Defining relative clause): Được sử dụng khi danh từ là danh từ
không xác định.
Ex: The city which I visited last summer is very beautiful.
(Defining relative clause)
2. 2. Mệnh đề quan hệ không hạn định (Non-defining relative clause): Được sử dụng khi danh
từ là danh từ xác định.
Ex: Dalat, which I visited last summer, is very beautiful.
(Non-defining relative clause)
Note: để biết khi nào dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, ta lưu ý các điểm sau:
- Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là một danh từ riêng
- Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là một tính từ sở hữu (my, his, her, their)
- Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa la một danh từ đi với this , that, these, those
 Exercise: Choose the best answer:
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1. The boy with -------------- I have talked is very successful student.
A. who B. whom C. that D. for that
2. The composition -------------- by Jane was really interesting.
A. to write B. writing C. wrote D. written
3. Fleming’s discovery of penicillin, --------------, had a major influence on the lives of people in
the 20th century.
A. which was awarded the Nobel Prize B. which awarded the Nobel Prize
C. that he was awarded the Nobel Prize D. for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize
4. I want you to meet the woman --------------
A. who taught me how to drive B. teaching me how to drive
C. that is taught me how to drive D. who is taught me how to drive
5. Mr. Pike, -------------- is our boss, has just come back from Paris.
A. who B. whom C. that D. which
6. The girl -------------- is my new friend.
A. who is sitting on the bench B. that is sitting on the bench
C. sitting on the bench D. all are correct
7. We don’t know the reason -------------- Peter is absent today.
A. who B. which C. that D. why
8. Dr Smith is a good surgeon. He lives next door.
A. Dr Smith that lives next door is a good surgeon.
B. Dr Smith who lives next door is a good surgeon.
C. Dr Smith, who lives next door, is a good surgeon.
D. Dr Smith, whom lives next door, is a good surgeon.
9. The reading table -------------- I put my books is in the corner of the room.
A. when B. where C. why D. whose
10. It is him -------------- helped me last night.
A. who B. that C. which D. whose
11. Anybody -------------- finishes that test early can leave.
A. that B. whom C. why D. when
12. He is the good colleague --------------.
A. to work for us with B. to us for working with
C. for working with us D. for us to work with
13. Mary was the last applicant -------------- by that interviewer.
A. to be interviewed B. to be interviewing
C. to have interviewed D. to interview
14. I’m hungry. Is there any food -------------- ?
A. to be eaten B. to eat C. eating D. for me eating
15. Dien Bien Phu is a place -------------- our army won a resounding victory in 1954.
A. where B. what C. which D. that
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Choose the correct answer
1) The book ____ I bought at the bookstore yesterday is expensive.
A. who B. whose C. that D. B & C are correct
2) Do you know the man about ____ they’re talking?
A. whom B. whose C. that D. A & C are correct
3) What’s the name of the blonde girl ____ just came in?
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A. who B. whose C. whom D. A & B are correct
4) I don’t like people ____ lose their tempers easily.
A. who B. whose C. that D. A & C are correct
5) Mexico City, ____ has a population of over 10 million, is probably the fastest
growing city in the world.
A. which B. whose C. that D. A & B are correct
6) This is Henry, ____ sister works for my father.
7) He’s the man ____ people like at first sight.
A. who B. whom C. that D. All are correct
8) Could you iron the trousers ____ are hanging up behind the door?
A. who B. which C. that D. B & C are correct
9) Where is the girl ____ sells tickets?
A. who B. whose C. whom D. A & C are correct
10) The man ____ we consider our leader had much experience in climbing mountains.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. A & C are correct
11) The artist ____ name I couldn’t remember was one of the best I had ever seen.
12) Frank invited Janet, ____ he had met in Japan, to the party.
13) The girl ____ design had been chosen stepped to the platform to receive the award.
A. whose B. whom C. that D. which
14) I need to find a painting ____ will match the rest of my room.
A. whose B. whom C. who D. which
15) There are too many poor people ____ do not have enough to eat in the world.
16) The trees ____ have the beautiful flowers grow near the gate of the garden.
17) The teacher ____ teaches us French is coming today.
A. whom B. who C. that D. B & C are correct
18) What’s the music to ____ you are listening?
A. whose B. which C. that D. B & C are correct
19) I don’t like the stories ____ have unhappy endings.
20) The students ____ don’t have library cards can’t borrow books from the library.
A. who B. which C. whom D. A & C are correct
21) Betty is the most intelligent girl ____ I have ever met.
22) Do you know the music ____ is being played on the radio?
23) This channel often shows the cartoons of ____ the children are very fond.
A. whom B. which C. that D. B & C are correct
24) The dress ____ she bought last week doesn’t fit her well.
A. whom B. which C. whose D. B & C are correct
25) Do you know a shop ____ sells good coffee?
A. which B. that C. whose D. A & B are correct
26) The teacher punished the student ____ was naughty.
A. whom B. who C. which D. A & B are correct
27) She fell in love with a man ____ was from another country.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
28) I like to write to friends ____ are living far away from me.
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A. who B. whom C. that D. A & C are correct
29) I bought some pencils ____ are in different colours.
30) She ate an apple ____ was still green.
A. who B. which C. whose D. whom
31) This is my beloved school ____ I studied when I was young.
A. which B. that C. where D. A & B are correct
32) Here’s the paper ____ you need.
A. whom B. that C. who D. whose
33) The woman ____ has been arrested lives in an apartment.
A. that B. which C. whom D. A & C are correct
34) The teacher notices the students ____ often come to class late.
A. that B. which C. who D. A & C are correct
35) The house in ____ I was born is for sale.
A. which B. whom C. that D. A & C are correct
36) That is the chair ____ he used to sit on for meals.
A. which B. whose C. that D. A & C are correct
37) What is the picture ____ you are looking at?
A. which B. when C. whose D. A & C are correct
38) In the middle of the village, there is a well from ____ the villagers take water to drink.
A. that B. which C. whom D. A & B are correct
39) There is a NO PARKING sign ____ I did not take notice of.
A. that B. which C. who D. A & B are correct
40) The meeting ____ I went was interesting.
A. to which B. which C. that D. B & C are correct
41) I must thank the people ____ I got the present from.
42) Do you know the doctor for ____ I send?
A. whom B. that C. who D. All are correct
43) The man about ____ I was telling you is standing over there.
A. who B. that C. whom D. All are correct
44) The woman ____ Ann must take care of is very poor and old.
A. whom B. that C. who D. All are correct
45) This is the man to ____ I gave some money this morning.
46) This is the result of our work ____ I’m pleased with.
A. that B. whose C. which D. A & C are correct
47) The problem in ____ we are very interested has been discussed in class.
A. that B. whom C. which D. A & C are correct
48) The boy ____ you made fun of yesterday is my cousin.
49) Ann, ____ lives next door, is very friendly.
70) We went to Sandra’s party, ____ we enjoyed very much.
A. which B. whom C. that D. who
51) John, ____ I have known for a very long time, is one of my closest friends.
A. whose B. whom C. that D. B & C are correct
52) Sheila, ____ job involves a lot of travelling, is away from home a lot.
A. whose B. whom C. that D. which
53) This new stadium, ____ can hold 90,000 people, will be opened next month.
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A. that B. whose C. which D. who
54) My brother, ____ lives in Houston, is a doctor.
A. who B. whom C. that D. A & B are correct
55) My office, ____ is on the second floor, is small.
56) She told me her address ____ I wrote down on a piece of paper.
A. which B. that C. whose D. A & B are correct
57) The sun, ____ is one of millions of stars in the universe, provides us with heat and light.
A. which B. that C. who D. A & B are correct
58) Tom made a number of suggestions, most of ____ were very helpful.
A. them B. which C. that D. B & C are correct
59) Mary has three brothers, all of ____ are marrieD.

A. them B. who C. whom D. that
60) We were given a lot of information, most of ____ was useless.
A. which B. it C. that D. All are correct
61) There were a lot of people at the party, only a few of ____ I had met before.
A. them B. whom C. who D. B & C are correct
62) I sent her two letters, neither of ____ she has received.
A. that B. these C. which D. whom
63) A café is a small restaurant ____ people can get a light meal.
A. where B. which C. that D. All are correct
64) My room has a very large window ____ you can see the whole lake.
A. which B. that C. where D. All are correct
65) Alaska, ____ my brother lives, is the largest state in the United States.
A. which B. where C. who D. All are correct
66) This is the house ____ we often stay the summer.
67) Do you remember the clock tower ____ I first met you?
68) Tell me the reason ____ you were absent yesterday.
A. where B. when C. why D. that
69) Do you know the reason ____ Laura doesn’t like me?
A. which B. where C. that D. why
70) There was a time ____ dinosaurs dominated the earth.
A. which B. when C. that D. A & B are correct
71) The house in ____ I was born and grew up was destroyed in an earthquake ten years ago.
A. which B. where C. that D. All are correct
72) Summer is the time of the year ____ the weather is the hottest.
A. when B. which C. that D. B & C are correct
73) The reason ____ Jim has just lost his job is that he didn’t work hard enough.
A. why B. which C. that D. B & C are correct
74) They hid the money in a place ____ it was safe from robbers.
A. which B. where C. that D. All are correct
75) Please tell me the reason for ____ I should let you go.
A. that B. which C. why D. B & C are correct
76) I know a wood ____ you can find wild strawberries.
77) Can you suggest a time at ____ it will be convenient to meet?
A. which B. when C. why D. that
78) Is there any reason for ____ you should have a holiday?
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A. why B. which C. that D. A & B are correct
79) Sunday is the day on ____ I am least busy.
A. where B. when C. which D. that
80) Tell me the countries ____ the traffic moves on the left-hand side.
A. where B. which C. that D. A & B are correct
FILL IN EACH GAP WITH SUITABLE RELATIVE PRONOUN : WHICH , THAT ,

WHOSE , WHOM OR WHO :
1. Stop him . He’s the man _______ stole my wallet .
2. There are many people ______ are living in very poor condition .
3. I’ve ever read the book _______ Huong gave me yesterday .
4. The man _____ I saw last weekend said something totally different.
5. They have invented a television set ______ is small as a watch .
6. This is the building ______ was destroyed badly in the fire last night .
7. I’m talking about Tom, ______ is really friendly.
8. The boy ______ sister is in my class can speak Japanese and Korean languages .
9. The dictionary ________ is on the table belongs to Long .
10. He wore a hat _______ made him look like a cowboy .
11. The gentleman ______ gave him the picture was his old teacher .
12. Mr David , _______ comes from England , has never been to Vietnam .
13. Mr David , _______son studies with us , has never been to Vietnam .
14. A bricklayer is a person ______ builds houses .
15. Peter couldn’t come to the party last night , _____ was really a pity .
16. We visited children _______ parents are dead .
17. Do you have a good relationship with the person ______ lives next door to you .
18. The student ______ did this exercise might be very intelligent.
19. I’ll catch the train ______ leaves at 10 a.m .
20. Ly Duc ,_______ won 2 gold medal at the Games , comes from Vietnam.
21. He can’t swim , ______ makes me surprised.
22. We are visiting Ha Long , ______ is in the north of Viet Nam .
23. I’m staying with the boy ______ brother looks very handsome.
24. He talked about the books and writers _______ made us bored .
25. This is the photo _______ was taken yesterday .
26. Henry , _____ you’ll met tomorrow , is also a member of the board .
27. Can you answer the questions ______ I ask you ?
28. The lady _____ son went on a picnic with us last weekend is a teacher at our school .
29. The woman ______ book I borrowed is very generous .
30. He is the only friend _____ I like .
FILL IN EACH GAP WITH SUITABLE RELATIVE PRONOUN : WHERE , WHEN , WHY
OR, WHICH :
1. Here is the beach _____ is the safest for swimmers.
2. Mr Bike will buy the house _____ is opposite to my house .
3. This is the place ______ the battle took place 40 years ago .
4. The town _____ we are living in is noisy .
5. The town _____ we are living is noisy and crowded .
6. Sunday is the day _____ we usually go fishing on .
7. Sunday is the day _____ we usually go fishing .
8. I’ll never forget the day ____I first met her .
9. This is the hotel _____ we stayed last summer .
10. Tell me the reason_____ you have cancelled the tour .
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11. The year _____ we came to live here was 1975.
12. I wish to see the factory ______ your father used to work .
13. That’s the house ______ I was born in .
14. The city ______ I lived as a child has been pulled down now .
15. We’re going to London , _____is famous for Big Ben .
16. This house , ______ Pele used to live , is being made into a museum .
FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH RELATIVE PRONOUNS OR RELATIVE ADVERBS . PUT

COMMAS WHEN THEY ARE NEEDED:
1. Alexander Flemming ………discovered penicillin received the Nobel Prize in 1945.
2. The book………… I need can be found in the library.
3. Here is the beach……….is the safest for swimmers.
4. Do you know the American woman………name is Margaret Mitchell?
5. Jim….I have known for ten years is one of my closest friends.
6. John found a cat…..leg was broken.
7. Don’t sit on the chair the leg ………….is broken .
8. This tree…….branches are dry should be cut down.
9. The child smiled at the woman……..he didn’t know.
10. That woman……..name I don’t remember is a doctor.
11. Children enjoy reading the books …….have colored pictures.
12. I met someone…………..said he knew you.
13. The noise……..he made wake everybody up.
14. The film is about a spy……….wife betrays him.
15. Those girls….serve in the restaurant are the owner’s daughters.
16. The house……walls and roof are made of glass is a green house.
17. Rod Lee…….sister I know is a film actor.
18. Mr. Baker will buy the house ………is opposite to my house.
19. You have to take care of the books…you borrowed from the library.
20. Karl Marx……..theories have changed the world’s history is the German philosopher.
21. Let me see all the letters…………you have written.
22. Is there anyone…….can help me do this?
23. Mr Brown………..is only 34 is the director of this company.
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24. The chief of the Police ,………work is very important, take care of the public safety.
25. I know a place……..roses grow in abundance (mau mo, giau co).
26. The teacher with………….we studied last year no longer teaches in our school.
27. They show me the hospital……………buildings had been destroyed by bombings
28. We saw soldiers and tanks……………..were moving to the front.
29. We must find a time ………….we can meet and a place……….we can talk.
30. The decision was postponed , …………was exactly what he wanted.
RELATIVE CLAUSES: JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES :

1/ I read a book. It was written by a friend of mine.
................................................................................................................................................
2/ A man got on the bus. He was carrying a lot of money in a box.
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3/ In the street there were several people. They were waiting for the shop to open.
................................................................................................................................................
4/ Britain imports many cars. They were made in Japan.
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5/ There are a lot of people in your office. They want to talk to you.
................................................................................................................................................
6/ The cowboy fell off his horse. He had been wounded by an arrow.
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7/ Most of people recovered quickly. They were injured in the crash.
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8/ John looked anxiously at his watch. He wished he hadn’t come to the party.
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9/ The children were playing football in the schoolyard. They were my students.
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10/ Vietnam exports a lot of rice. It is grown mainly in the south of the country.
................................................................................................................................................
11/ A girl answered the phone. She told me you were out.
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12/ The chair was broken two days ago. The chair has now been repaired.
................................................................................................................................................
13/ I saw some people. Their car had broken down.
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14/ I recently went back to my hometown. I was born there.
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15/ The dam was holding back the water. Then it suddenly gave away.
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16/ Some buildings were hit by bombs. They are still burning.
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17/ Some people want to smoke. They have to leave the building.
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18/ A plane crashed into the sea. It may have been a terrorist target.
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19/ A shot was fired that day. It signaled the start of the America Revolution.
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20/ The letter accused me of theft. It hadn’t been signed.
................................................................................................................................................
21/ Tourists take the train from London to Stratford. They have to change at Coventry.
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22/ A scientist discovered the neutron. He was James Chadwick.
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23/ People was walking across the bridge. They could fell it swaying.
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24/ One man is tipped to become the new President. He is little known outside his own country.
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25/ Toby is ill in hospital. I went to school with him.
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26/ He is going to have an operation. It could save him.
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27/ Toby’s parents both died a few years ago. He is the same age as me.
................................................................................................................................................
28/ I recently went back to the town. I was born there.
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29/ The people moved a long time ago. They used to live next door.
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30/ I met a girl. I used to go out with her.
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31/ I found hard to believe the story. Mary told me.
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32/ The doctor was very thorough. Ingrid went to see him.
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33/ A girl is injured in the accident. She is now in hospital.
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34/ A man answered the phone. He told me you were away.
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35/ A waitress served us. She was very impolite and impatient.
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36/ A building was destroyed in the fire. It has now been rebuilt.
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37/ Some people were arrested. They have now been released.
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38/ A bus goes to the airport. It runs every half an hour.
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39/ I met Jane’s father. He works at the university.
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40/ Peter is studying French and German. He has never been abroad.
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41/ You’ve all met Michael Wood. He is visiting us for a couple of days.
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42/ We are moving to Manchester. Manchester is in the north-west.
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43/ I’ll be staying with Adrian. His brother is one of my closest friends.
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44/ John is one of my oldest friends. He has just gone to live in Canada.
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................................................................................................................................................
45/ The earth is a planet. It can support life.
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46/ The book is about a girl. She runs away from home.
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47/ A dictionary is a book. It gives you the meaning of words.
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48/ The house has pulled down now. I lived as a child in it.
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49/ Stop him. He is the man. He stole my wallet.
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50/ Is that the button? You pressed it.
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51/ The man said something totally different. I saw him last week.
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52/ I talked to a woman. Her car had broken down on the way to the party.
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53/ I met a lot of new people at the party. I can’t remember their names.
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54/ There was a journalist there. Her work took her to lots of different countries.
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55/ There is a tall am at the funeral. His wife could not come because she was ill.
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56/ I was introduced to a man. I had seen his brother on television the evening before.
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57/ The earth is a planet. It can support life.
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58/ John is one of my oldest friends. He has just gone to live in Canada.
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59/ The meeting was interesting. I went to it yesterday.
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III. MỘT SỐ LƯU Ý TRONG MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ:

1. Nếu trong mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ thì giới từ có thể đặt trước hoặc sau mệnh đề quan hệ (chỉ áp
dụng với whom và which.)
Ex: Mr. Brown is a nice teacher. We studied with him last year.
→ Mr. Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a nice teacher.
→ Mr. Brown, whom we studied with last year, is a nice teacher.
2. Có thể dùng which thay cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước.
Ex: She can’t come to my birthday party. That makes me sad.
→ She can’t come to my birthday party, which makes me sad.
3. Ở vị trí túc từ, whom có thể được thay bằng who.
Ex: I’d like to talk to the man whom / who I met at your birthday party.
COMBINE SENTENCE USING: PREPOSITION + WHOM/WHICH

1. The movie was interesting. We went to it.
the movie to which we went was interesting.............................................................................................................
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2. I couldn’t understand the woman. I talked to her on the phone.
I couldn’t understand the woman to whom I talked on the phone ...........................................................................
3. I want to tell you about the party. I went to it last night.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
4. The music was gentle. We listened to it last night.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
5. Alice likes the foreign family. She is living with them.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
6. The market has refresh vegetables. I usually go to it.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
7. The man is over there. I told you about him.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
8. The film is fantastic. They are talking about it.

...................................................................................................................................................................................
9. She’s the nurse. We gave the flowers to her.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
10. The teacher is Mr Pike. We studied with him last year.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
11. We are very interested in the problem. It has been discussed in class.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
12. Lung cancer is very dangerous. Million of people died of it.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
13. I like standing at the window. I can see the park from the window.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
14. The woman lives next door to me. You gave place to her on the bus.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
15. The examination lasted days. I was successful in this exams.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
16. This is the result of our work. I’m pleased with it.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
17. Mr Brown is the man. I’m responsible to him for my work.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
18. This snake is dangerous. I’m afraid of it.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
19. There are a number of factors. We have no control over them.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
20. The picture was beautiful. She was looking at it.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
21. That’s the woman. John used to be married to her.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
22. My sister has daughters. I often have to look after them.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
23. This is the book. I’m looking for it.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
24. The boy fell in love with the girl. She left him after a few weeks.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
12
EXERCISES
COMBINE THESE SENTENCES, USING RELATIVE PRONOUNS FOLLOWING A
PREPOSITION.
1. The men are angry. The woman is talking to the men.
=> ...................................................................................................................................
2. The house is for sale. I was born in it
=> ...................................................................................................................................
3. The teacher is Mr John. We studied with him last year.
=> ...................................................................................................................................
4. That is the chair. He used to sit on it for meals.
=> ...................................................................................................................................
5. Faraday is a famous scientist. Many books have been written about him.
=> ...................................................................................................................................
6. You are looking at the picture. What is the picture?
=> ...................................................................................................................................
7. In the middle of the village, there is a well. the villagers take water from this well to drink.
=> ...................................................................................................................................
8. There is a No parking sign. I don’t take notice of it.
=> ...................................................................................................................................
9. Sunday is a day. We can visit our grandfather on that day.
=> ...................................................................................................................................
10. The bed is good. I slept in the bed last night.
=> ...................................................................................................................................
IV. CÁCH RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ:

1. Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm phân từ:
Mệnh đề quan hệ chứa các đại từ quan hệ làm chủ từ who, which, that có thể được rút gọn thành
cụm hiện tại phân từ (V-ing) hoặc quá khứ phân từ (V3/ed).
* Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề chủ động thì rút thành cụm hiện tại phân từ (V-ing).
Ex: a/ The man who is standing over there is my father.
→ The man standing over there is my father
b/ The couple who live next door to me are professors.
→ The couple living next door to me are professors
* Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ là mệnh đề bị động thì rút thành cụm quá khứ phân từ (V3/ed).
Ex: a/ The instructions that are given on the front page are very important.
→ The instructions given on the front page are very important
b/ The book which was bought by my mother is interesting.
→ The book bought by my mother is interesting
2. Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu:
Mệnh đề quan hệ được rút thành cụm động từ nguyên mẫu (To-infinitive) khi trước đại từ quan hệ
có các cụm từ: the first, the second, the last, the only hoặc hình thức so sánh bậc nhất.
Ex: a/ John was the last person that got the news.
→ John was the last person to get the news.
b/ He was the best player that won the prize.
13
→ He was the best player to win the prize.
c/ He was the best player that we admire.
→ He was the best player to admire.
Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ sử dụng Ving, V hoặc Vto

1. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon
...................................................................................................................................................................................
2. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
3. The children who attend that school receive a good education.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
4. The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
5. They live in a house that was built in
...................................................................................................................................................................................
6. We have an apartment which overlooks the park.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
7. Yuri Gagarin became the first man who flied into space.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
8. We stood on the bridge which connects the two halves of the building.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
9. I come from a city which is located in the southern part of the country
...................................................................................................................................................................................
10. The vegetables which are sold in this supermarket are grown without chemicals.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
11. Do you know the woman who is coming toward us ?
...................................................................................................................................................................................
12. The people who was waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
13. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
14. They live in a house that was built in
...................................................................................................................................................................................
15. He was the first man who left the burning building.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
16. The couple who live in the house next door are both college professors
...................................................................................................................................................................................
17. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
18. The students who did not come to the class yesterday explain their absence to the teacher.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
19. Did you get the message which concerned the special meeting ?
...................................................................................................................................................................................
20. Lan is the second student who entered the classroom this morning.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
21. The psychologists who study the nature of sleep have made important discoveries.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
14
22. He was the only man who reached the top.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
23. He is always the first who comes and the last who goes.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
24. People who listen to very loud music may suffer gradual hearing loss.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
25. He was the second man who was saved in the fire.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
26. I haven’t got anything that I could open a bottle of wine with.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
27. The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the island.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
28. The fifth man who was interviewed was completely unsuitable.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
29. This is the third who is late for the meeting today.
...................................................................................................................................................................................
30. Am I the next person who joins the interview ?
...................................................................................................................................................................................
REDUCE THE FOLLOWING RELATIVE CLAUSES, USING PARTICIPLES AND TO-
INFINITIVE.
1/ The boy who is playing guitar is my brother.
...............................................................................................................................................
2/ The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting.
...............................................................................................................................................
3/ The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light.
...............................................................................................................................................
4/ They work in a hospital which was sponsored by the government.
...............................................................................................................................................
5/ He was the first person who see Mr. Smith
...............................................................................................................................................
6/ Do you know the woman who is coming toward us?
...............................................................................................................................................
7/ The flight which I wanted to travel on was fully booked.
................................................................................................................................................
8/ The man who spoke to John is my brother.
................................................................................................................................................
9/ The man who gave her the book is my father.
................................................................................................................................................
10/ This is the dog Which the boy hit in the garden.
................................................................................................................................................
11/ The couple who met me at the station took me out to dinner.
................................................................................................................................................
12/ We’re talking the train that leaves at 6.00.
................................................................................................................................................
13/ Have you seen the book that I left here on the desk?
................................................................................................................................................
14/ The bag which the robbers put the money in was found later.
................................................................................................................................................
15
15/ I really like the tea which you made me this morning.
................................................................................................................................................
16/ Last week I ran into an old friend whom I hadn’t seen for ages.
................................................................................................................................................
17/ My boss is the person whom I admire most....................................................................
18/ The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
................................................................................................................................................
19/ I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country
................................................................................................................................................
20/ The children who attend that school receive a good education.
................................................................................................................................................
REDUCE RELATIVE CLAUSES INTO RELATIVE PHRASES
1. Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page.
@.....................................................................................................................................................................................
2. Students who arrive late will not be permitted to enter the classroom.
@.....................................................................................................................................................................................
3. John, who was taken by surprise, hardly knew what to say.
@.....................................................................................................................................................................................
4. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
@.....................................................................................................................................................................................
5. We drove along the road that was still flooded after the heavy rain.
@.....................................................................................................................................................................................
6. The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress
@.....................................................................................................................................................................................
7. The wild ox which is kept at Nam Cat Tien National Park is of a special kind
@.....................................................................................................................................................................................
8. The helicopter which was flying toward the lake made a low droning sound.
@ …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
47. A magazine which publishes every month is called a monthly magazine.
A B C D
48 The painting Sun Flower, which painted by Van Goh, was stolen many times.
A B C D
49 My father, that has a special craze for cars, has just brought another sports car.
A B C D
50. Earnest Hamwi, who invention of the ice cream cone brought him a lot of money, was a pastry vendor.
A B C D
51 Professor Thompson, gave a lecture at our university last week, is a worlds famous physicist.
A B C D
52 HCM city, that used to be called Sai Gon, is the biggest city in southern Vietnam.
A B C D
53 He is working in Nha Trang, where has one of the most beatiful beaches in Vietnam.
A B C D
54. Ho Chi Minh city, which named is after President Ho Chi Minh , is quite a young city.
A B C D
55.Marilyn Monroe, who a famous actress, died of drug overdose.
A B C D
56. I’m very grateful to Mr Anderson, whom taught me the first lessons of computer skills.
A B C D
16
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES:
1. This film is made in America . It names Titanic .
2. He bought a pen yesterday . It is red .
3. Her father is agood doctor . He lives next to my door .
4. I have just bought a watch . It is not good now .
5. The blind is a person . He doesn’t see anything .
6. The machine is a thing . It helps us to do typical wokk .
7. Computer is a machine . It is very useful .
8. That boys isn’t a good student . He is always punished by his parents .
9. This picture was bought by his mother last year , We love it very much .
10. My son is a student in that school . He always learns very hard .
11. She watched that film many years ago . It was made in Australia .
12. He helped his girlfriend to do the washing . She said thanjs to him .
13. The man is a biologist. His father is a botanist.
14. This is the book. I bought it at the bookstore.
15. John is the man. We are going to recommend him for the job.
16. John found the cat. The cat’s leg was broken.
17. 1975 is the year. The revolution took place in that year.
18. Do you know the man? They are talking about him.
19. The subject is very important. We are going to discuss it.
20. Mrs Brown is coming today. She teaches me English.
21. Jack loves his parents’house. He was born in that house.
22. Do you remember the years? The Second World War ended in that year.
23. I don’t like the stories. They have unhappy endings.
24. The students can’t borrowboos from the library. They don’t have library cards.
25. The dress doesn’t fit Mary well. She bought it.
26. The mechanic is an experienced one. I sent for him to repair my bicycle.
27. This channel often shows the cartoons. The chilrend are very fond of them.
28. The hotel was excellent. We stayed there.
29. Did you see the woman? Her husband was taken to the hospital.
30. I’ll never forget the day. I met you on that day.
31. Do you know the music? It is being played on the radio.
32. The men are angry. The woman is talking to the men,
33. The house is for sale. I was born on it.
34. The teacher is Mr.Pike. We studied with him last year.
35. That is the chair, We used to sit on it for meals.
36. Faraday is a scientist. Many books have been written about him.
37. You are looking at the picture. What’s the picture?
38. In the middle of the village, there is a well. The villagers take water from this well to drink.
39. There is an NO Parking sign. I do not take notice of it.
40. Sunday is a day. We can visit our grand parents on that day.
41. The bed is good. I slept in the bed last night.
42. The road was buit on 1980. We are driving on it.
43. Ann is very friendly. She lived next door.
44. The man is a famous actor. You met him at the party last night.
45. There are some words. They are very difficult to translate.
17
CLEFT SENTENCES (CÂU CHẻ)
Câu chẻ được dùng để nhấn mạnh một thành phần của câu như chủ ngữ, túc từ hay trạng từ
1. Nhấn mạnh chủ từ (Subject focus)
a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (person) + who + V + O …
Ex: My brother collected these foreign stamps.
→ It was my brother who collected these foreign stamps.
b. It + is / was + Noun (thing) + that + V + O …
Ex: Her absence at the party made me sad.
→ It was her absence at the party that made me sad.
2. Nhấn mạnh túc từ (Object focus)
a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (person) + who(m) + S + V…
Ex: I met Daisy on the way to school.
→ It was Daisy who(m) I met on the way to school.
Note: Khi nhấn mạnh túc từ ta có thể dùng who thay cho whom nhưng khi nhấn mạnh chủ từ thì không
dùng whom thay cho who.
b. It + is / was + Noun (thing) + that + S + V …
Ex: My brother bought an old motorbike from our neighbor.
→ It was an old motorbike that my brother bought from our neighbor.
3. Nhấn mạnh trạng từ (Adverbial focus)
It + is / was + Adverbial phrase + that + S + V …
Ex: - We first met in December.
→ It was in December that we first met.
- Phan Thanh Gian was born in this village.
→ It was in this village that Phan Thanh Gian was born.
4. Câu chẻ bị động (Cleft sentences in the passive)
a. It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (person) + who + be + P.P…
Ex: Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers.
→ It was that singer who was given a lot of flowers.
b. It + is / was + Noun (thing) + that + be + P.P…
Ex: People talk about this film.
→ It is this film that is talked about.
- Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers.
→ It was a lot of flowers that were given to that singer.
REWRITE THE SENTENCES TO FOCUS ATTENTION ON THE UNDERLINED

INFORMATION. USING STRUCTURE” IT IS / WAS ... THAT”
21. She bought the car from Tom.
…………………………………………………………………..
22. My secretary sent the bill to Mr. Harding yesterday.
…………………………………………………………………..
23. We are coming to stay with Jane this weekend.
…………………………………………………………………..
24. The president makes the important decisions.
…………………………………………………………………..
25. I’m looking forward to physics exam.
18
…………………………………………………………………..
26. I lost my wallet somewhere in there.
…………………………………………………………………..
27. I was born and grew up in the village.
…………………………………………………………………..
28. My teacher helped me a lot of with my study last semester.
…………………………………………………………………..
29. The headmaster gave Tam a bicycle as a scholarship.
…………………………………………………………………..
30. Your carelessness caused the accident
…………………………………………………………………..
CLEFT SENTENCES (SUBJECT/ OBJECT/ ADVERD)

1. The boy visited his uncle last month. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. I and she sang together at the party.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Nam’s father got angry with him. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. The boys played football all day long. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. The girl received a letter from her friend yesterday.
------------------------------------------------------------
6. His presence at the meeting frightened the children. -----------------------------------------------------
7. My mother bought me a present on my birthday party. --------------------------------------------------------
8. The neighbor told them about it. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. My friend came to see me late last night. -----------------------------------------------------------------------
10. That boy scored the goal for his team. ----------------------------------------------------------------------
11. The dog grabbed at the piece of meat and ran away. -----------------------------------------------------
12. The strong wind blew the roof off. ----------------------------------------------------------------------
13. The police arrested the man at the railway station. --------------------------------------------------------
14. The man is learning English. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15. The woman gave him the English book. ----------------------------------------------------------------
16. She sent her friend a post card.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17. Hoa borrowed some English books from Long. ---------------------------------------------------------
18. The little boy greeted his grand father in a strange language.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19. The pedestrian asked the policeman a lot of questions. -------------------------------------------------
20. The dog barked at the stranger. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21. My mom is making some cakes for our dinner. -------------------------------------------------------
22. We all saw her husband out side the theater last night. ---------------------------------------------------
23. Mr. Hao repaired the roof yesterday morning. -----------------------------------------
24. I always meet this student in the café whenever I come there.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25. I bought this motor in HCM city some years ago. ------------------------------------------------------
26. I met Sasa on the way to my school. ---------------------------------------------------------
27. We were born in this place. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
28. We often gather for dinner in this restaurant. --------------------------------------------------------------
29. The boy hit the dog in the garden. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
30. He bought the book from that corner shop. ----------------------------------------------------------
31. She bought him a present at the shop.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
32. She makes some cakes for tea. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
33. His father repaired the bicycle for him. ---------------------------------------------------------------------
19
34. I met her on the way to school. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
35. They often had parties on the weekend. --------------------------------------------------------------------
36. The police arrested the thief at the railway station. -------------------------------------------------------
37. I gave him a photo album on his wedding day. ------------------------------------------------------------
38. We planted some young trees in the garden. ----------------------------------------------------------
39. I met my wife when I was a student at teacher training college.
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
40. My father usually complains about my students whenever they go to my house.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CLEFT SENTENCES IN THE PASSIVE (CÂU RÚT GỌN DẠNG BỊ ĐỘNG)
It + is/ was + subject(lấy từ tân ngữ) + that + be + V-ed/ V cô ̣t 3. (chính……được …….)
My father gave me a lot of toys. (cha tôi cho tôi nhiều đồ chơi)
 It was I that was given a lot of toys by my father.(chính tôi được cha tôi cho nhiều đồ chơi.)
His wife clean the floor every evening.
 It is the floor that is cleaned by his wife every evening.
EXERCISES
1. My husband watered the flowers every day. --------------------------------------------------------------
2. They celebrated their wedding last week. ---------------------------------------------------------------
3. He described his home town in his novel. ---------------------------------------------------------------
4. Most girls like spring. --------------------------------------------------------------
5. My father bought the car for me on my birthday. --------------------------------------------------------------
6. The prince kissed my younger sister at the party. --------------------------------------------------------------
7. My younger sister always keeps her doll carefully. ------------------------------------------------------------
8. The boy hit the dog in the garden.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. The woman answered the man rudely. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. The boy played ping pong the whole afternoon.
-----------------------------------------------------------
11. The girl gave the boy a special gift on his birthday. ------------------------------------------------------
12. My wife gave this T-shirt to me on my last birthday party. ---------------------------------------------
13. I always keep your picture besides me. ---------------------------------------------------------------------
14. He borrowed the money from his close friend – Hoa. ----------------------------------------------------
15. The police arrested the man at the railway station. --------------------------------------------------------
16. The man is learning English. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17. The woman gave him the English book. ----------------------------------------------------------------
18. She sent her friend a post card.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
19. Hoa borrowed some English books from Long. ---------------------------------------------------------
20. The little boy greeted his grand father in a strange language.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21. The pedestrian asked the policeman a lot of questions. -------------------------------------------------
22. The dog barked at the stranger. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
23. My mom is making some cakes for our dinner. -----------------------------------------------------------
24. We all saw her husband out side the theater lats night. ---------------------------------------------------
25. Mr. Hao repaired the roof yesterday morning. ------------------------------------------------------------
26. I always meet my students in the cafee whenever I come there.
 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
27. I bought this motor in HCM city some years ago.
---------------------------------------------------------
20
28. I met Sasa on the way to my school. -------------------------------------------------------
29. Vietnamese people celebrate Tet as the greatest occasion in a year.
30. My mother gave me this story book as a birthday present.
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
31. Her younger sister broke her classes. -----------------------------------------------------------------
32. She frightened the children. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
33. My father bought me a lap top for my birthday. -----------------------------------------------------------
34. People talked a lot about his house. -----------------------------------------------------------------
35. The pedestrian asked the policeman for the direction to the post office.
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
36. Fans gave Christina lots of flowers. ------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONJUNCTIONS (Liên từ)
Các liên từ cặp đôi như both … and, not only … but also, either …or, neither … nor được dùng để
cấu tạo cấu trúc song hành. Từ, cụm từ hay mệnh đề được nối liền bởi những liên từ này luôn có cùng
cấu trúc, chức năng hoặc từ loại.
1. both … and (vừa …vừa …, cả …lẫn …)
Ex: She is both intelligent and beautiful. (adjectives)
Both his brother and his sister are students. (nouns)
Note: Khi hai chủ từ được nối liền bởi both … and, động từ ở hình thức số nhiều.
2. not only … but also (không những / chỉ … mà còn)
Ex: He studies not only English but also French. (nouns)
The film was not only boring but also long. (adjectives)
She not only sings beautifully but also plays the piano well.
3. either …or (hoặc …hoặc)
Ex: You either must work hard or will fail. (verbs)
Either you or he is going to be on duty. (pronouns)
4. neither … nor (không … cũng không)
Ex: She likes neither tea nor coffee. (nouns)
My father neither smokes nor drinks. (verbs)
Note:
- Khi hai chủ từ được nối bởi not only … but also, either … or, neither … nor, động từ hòa hợp với chủ
từ ngay trước nó.
Ex: Not only his friends but also his brother gives him presents.
- Khi not only … but also nối liền hai mệnh đề và đứng đầu câu, chúng ta phải đảo ngữ mệnh đề thứ
nhất.
Ex: Not only does he speak English but he also speaks French.
- Động từ trong câu có cặp liên từ neither … nor luôn ở dạng khẳng định
Ex: My father neither smokes nor drinks.
Exercises:
4. Both Son and Vinh like English. __________ of them likes literature.
A. None B. Neither C. Either D. Both
5. His recreations include golf, football and shooting. .
A. sports B. activities C. pastimes D. pleasures
6. In Britain, the most common leisure activities are home-based.
A. regular B. popular C. standard D. distinctive
5. Neither she nor I ________ responsible for that. It isn’t our duty.
A. are B. is C. am D. have
7. It is ___ that can speak 6 languages in our office.
21
A. he B. him C. his D. her
8. My parents want me to study to behave well.
A. either/or B. neither/nor C. either/both D. not only/but also
9. It is the event ____ a lot.
A. has been talked about B. that has been talked bout
C. Has talked about D. that has talked bout
10. She ____ hard but also gets on well with her classmates.
A. doesn’t only study B. studies not only
C. not only studies D. not studies only
11. The hotel is neither spacious ____.
A. or comfortable B. nor comfortable C. or comfort D. nor comfort
12. Not only John but also his two brothers ____ football as their recreation every weekend.
A. play B. plays C. were playing D. has play
13. Now women work both before ____ after having their children.
A. or B. also C. nor D. and
14. Neither the TV nor the video sets ____ properly.
A. works B. work C. has worked D. is working
15. The most common____ activities in my country are home based.
A. test B. leisure C. practice D. freedom
COMBINE EACH PAIR OF SENTENCES INTO ONE, USING THE CONJUNCTIONS IN

BRACKETS.
1. She’s at the office. She’s at the airport. (Either ............. or)
.........................................................................................................................
2. Paul’s at home. Paul’s at the gym. (Either .................... or)
....................................................................................................................
3. Chris didn’t have time to take a holiday. Sheila didn’t have time to take a holiday.(neither ....
nor) ......................................................................................................................
4. David doesn’t play tennis. David doesn’t play table-tennis. (Neither ......... nor)
...................................................................................................................
5. Nam’s handsome. Nam’s intelligent. (Not only ................ but also)

.......................................................................................................................
6. Mai plays the guitar well. Mai dances beautifully. (Not only ......... but also)
.....................................................................................................................
7. . You can have fish for dinner. You can have chicken for dinner. (Both ............. and)
.........................................................................................................................
8. They came late. They left early. (Not only ................. but also)
................................................................................................................................
* Exercise 4: Supply is or are in the following:
1. Both the teacher and the student ………..here.
2. Neither the teacher nor the student …………here.
3. Not only the teacher or the student ………….here.
4. Not only the teacher but also the student ……………here.
5. Either the students or the teacher …………planning to come.
6. Either the teacher or the students …………planning to come.
* Exercise 5: Combine the following into sentences that contain parallel structure. Use appropriate
paired conjunctions: both …and, not only…but also, either …or, neither …nor:
1. Ron enjoys horseback riding. Bob enjoys horseback riding.
 …………………………………………………………..
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2. Arthur is not in class today. Ricardo is not in class today.
 …………………………………………………………..
3. Arhtur is absent. Ricardo is absent.
 …………………………………………………………..
4. We can fix dinner for them here, or we can take them to a restaurant.
 …………………………………………………………..
5. She wants to buy a Ford, or she wants to buy a Toyota.
 …………………………………………………………..
6. We could fly or we could take the train.
 …………………………………………………………..
7. The library does not have the book I need. The bookstore does not have the book I need.
 …………………………………………………………..
8. Coal is an irreplaceable natural resource. Oil is an irreplaceable natural resource.
 …………………………………………………………..
9. Her roommates do not know where she she is. Her brother does not know where she she is.
 …………………………………………………………..
10. He does not have a pen. He does not have paper.
 …………………………………………………………..
Combine The Sentences, Using Both……..And, Either……Or, Nether…..Nor, Not
Only…But Also
1.Ron enjoys horseback riding. Bob enjoys horseback riding. (not only……but also)
 …………………………………………………………..
2. I like tennis. My husband likes tennis, too. ( both………. and)
.............................................................................................................................................
3. You can choose the red shirt or the blue one. (either…or)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
4.They don’t like Paris. They don’t like London either.(neither…nor)
…………………………………………………………………………..
5.The show is enjoyable. It is also educational. (both . . . and)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6.In this course students learn how to save time when drafting papers. They also learn how to edit their
work. (both . . . and)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7.Mary is not lazy. She is not disobedient. (neither . . . nor)
……………………………………………………………………
8. This store sells hand-crafted ornaments. It also sells jewels. (not only . . . but also)
………………………………………………………………………………….
9. My father doesn’t drink coca-cola. He doesn’t drink beer either. (neither…nor)
………………………………………………………………………………………
10.If you don’t go, your brother has to go. (either…or)
…………………………………………………………………
COULD / BE ABLE TO
1. COULD: là dạng quá khứ của can, dùng diễn tả:

- khả năng (phổ quát, chung chung) trong quá khứ
Ex: When I was six, I could drive a bike.
- lời yêu cầu lich sự
Ex: Could you show me the way to the post office?
- điều gì đó có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai nhưng không chắc chắn
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Ex: It could rain this afternoon. (Có thể chiều nay trời sẽ mưa.)
2. BE ABLE TO (is/ am/ are able to) + V1: có hình thức quá khứ là was / were able to + V1, diễn tả
sự cố gắng hoàn tất một hành động trong một tình huống đặc biệt.
Ex: The fire spread through the building quickly but we all were able to escape.
The player hurt in his leg, but he was able to play to the end.
Choose the best answer:
1. Valuables can / are able to be left in the hotel safe. Please ask at the reception desk.
2. We could / were able to finish the football match before it started snowing too heavy.
3. The rebels could / were able to draw on the support of over 20,000 soldiers.
4. Could you / Were you able to understand Professor Larsen's lecture? I found it really difficult.
5.' Do you want a game?' 'Sorry, I can't / 'm not able to play chess.
6. Look at me, I can / 'm able to ride my bike without any help.
7. When the fire officers arrived they could / were able to put out the flames in a couple of minutes.
8. The air was so polluted in the city center, I could hardly / was hardly able to breathe.
9 .I knew John had been smoking. I could / was able to smell the cigarettes when I came into the room.
10. Can you / Are you able to drive without your glasses?
PUT IN COULD/ COULDN’T OR WAS/ WERE (NOT) ABLE TO. SOMETIMES EITHER IS
POSSIBLE.
1. Suddenly all the lights went out. We …………………… see a thing.
2. The computer went wrong, but luckily Emma ………………………….put it right again.
3. There was a big party last night. You …………………………… hear the music half a mile away.
4. I learnt to read music as a child. I …………………………………read it when I was five.
5. People heard warnings about the flood, and they ………………………………. move out in time.
6. The train was full. I ………………………………….. find a seat anywhere.
7. Mrs. Carter ………………………………… put out the fire before the house burnt down.
8. I looked everywhere for the book, but I ………………………………….. find it.
9. The plane ………………………………. take off at eleven o'clock, after the fog had lifted.
10. It was foggy, so the plane ……………………………………. take off.
11. We were all very lucky. We .................get out of the fire in such a terible accident.
12. ..............use your computer? - Certainly,help yourself.
13. The footballer ........play again in spite of his severe injury.
14. I was not appointed to be a tour guide because I........... speak English at that time.
15. After about forty years' working hard with a lot of experiments, the Soviet
cosmonauts ................................venture into space.
16. I had some free time yesterday, so I ............do some garderning .
17. For three weeks, I...........seak to him on the phone.
18. He was so busy. he...................write a letter to me.
19. When I was five, I...............swim
20. Maybe Smiths ...........build a new house next year.
TAG QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi đuôi)
Câu hỏi đuôi gồm có hai phần: câu nói (statement) và phần đuôi (tag)
statement, tag?
1. Quy tắc chung:

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- Câu nói và phần đuôi luôn ở dạng đối nhau
câu nói khẳng định, đuôi phủ định?
câu nói phủ định, đuôi khẳng định?
Ex: The children are playing in the yard, aren’t they?
They can’t swim, can they?
- Chủ từ của câu nói là đại từ, ta lặp lại đại từ này
Ex: She is a doctor, isn’t she?
- Chủ từ là danh từ, ta dùng đại từ tương ứng thay thế
Ex: People speak English all over the world, don’t they?
- Đại từ bất định nothing, everything: được thay bằng “it”
Ex: Everything is ready, isn’t it?
- Các đại từ no one, nobody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody: được thay
bằng “they”
Ex: Someone called me last night, didn’t they?
- Đại từ this / that được thay bằng “it”; these / those được thay bằng “they”
Ex:That is his car, isn’t it?
These are your new shoes, aren’t they?
- “There” trong cấu trúc “there + be” được dùng lại ở phần đuôi
Ex: There aren’t any students in the classroom, are there?
- Câu nói có trợ động từ (will / can / shall / should / is / are …): trợ động từ được lặp lại ở phần đuôi
Ex: You will come early, won’t you?
- Câu nói không có trợ động từ: trợ động từ do / does / did được dùng ở phần đuôi
Ex: It rained yesterday, didn’t it?
She works in a restaurant, doesn’t she?
- Câu nói có chứa các từ phủ định thì phần đuôi khẳng đ5nh
Ex: He never comes late, does he?
Note: Động từ trong phần đuôi ở phủ định thì luôn được viết ở dạng rút gọn.
2. Một số trường hợp đặc biệt:
- Phần đuôi của I AM là AREN’T I
Ex: I am writing a letter, aren’t I?
- Phần đuôi của Let’s là SHALL WE
Ex: Let’s go out tonight, shall we?
- Câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định:
+ dùng phần đuôi WON’T YOU để diễn tả lời mời
+ dùng phần đuôi WILL / WOULD / CAN / CAN’T YOU để diễn tả lời yêu cầu lịch sự
Ex: Have a piece of cake, won’t you?
Close the door, will you?
- Câu mệnh lệnh phủ định: dùng phần đuôi WILL YOU để diễn tả lời yêu cầu lịch sự
Ex: Please don’t smoke her, will you?
- Phần đuôi của ought to là SHOULDN’T
Ex: She ought to do exercise every morning, shouldn’t she?
I. Complele the following sentences with correct tags.

1. You broke the window, ____________? 2. They didn’t see you , _____________ ?
3. He plays the gutar badly, ___________? 4. I am not stupid , _______________ ?
5. My wife cooks well, ______________? 6. She doesn’t come here, _______________ ?
7. Tom can help her, ________________? 8. You won’t be late, _______________ ?
9. You know Bob Winton.____________? 10. You don’t know Jack Smith,__________ ?
11. Hai can play the piano,___________ ? 12. I’m your friend,______________ ?
13. Hai lives in Hue,_____________? 14. Mai came to class yesterday,__________ ?
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15. Everything is ok,______________? 16. Nothing is wrong,_____________?
17. Nobody called on the phone, _______? 18. They couldn’t understand him, _________?
19. He has got a car, ____________? 20. You are a doctor, _____________?
21. You aren’t a doctor, _____________? 22. You go to school today, _____________?
23. She doesn’t eat meat, ___________? 24. There wasn’t enough time, __________?
25. You went shopping yesterday, _______? 26. Let’s go, _____________?
27. No salt is allowed, _____________? 28. Nothing was said, _____________?
29. Neither of them complained, ________? 30. I am right, _____________?
31. Let’s sing karaoke, _____________? 32. Turn on the light , _____________?
33. Don’t be late, ____________? 34. He has helped nobody, ____________?
35.You used to study in Quang Trung school , _____________?

36. Luciano Pavarotti is a great singer, _____________?
37. It isn't very cold today, _____________?
38. Ms. Patton assigns a lot of homework, _____________?
39. I didn't bring enough money, _____________?
40. The children won't want to go to bed early, _____________?
41. You have already seen Braveheart, _____________?
42. The movie received several Oscars _____________?
43. We can't keep our dog in the hotel room, _____________?
44. The Braves would like to win another World Series , _____________?
45. Basketball players don't have small feet, _____________?
46. Khanh will be in class tomorrow,___________ ?
47. Children shouldn’t play with matches,_____________?
48. Someone recognized you,________________ ?
49. You don’t like playing games, ________________ ?
50. They should have been able to do it , _______________ ?
51. The students should keep silent, _______________ ?
52. Mary seldom wears her dress, ________________ ?
53. Tom and Jerry can’t live in peace, _______________ ?
54. The case weights thirty kilos, ________________ ?
55. Let’s help the old woman with the housework, _______________ ?
56. The book which I borrowed from you yesterday is from the library,_____________ ?
57. The John family used to live in Liverpool, _______________ ?
58. Mr Bao said that we should use solar energy , _______________ ?
59. Islam is her country’s official religion, _______________ ?
60. Some designers have made Ao dai modern and fashionable, ____________ ?
61. A huge tidal wave hit Anchorage, Alaska, in the1960s, _______________ ?
62. You think secondary students should wear uniforms to school,______________?
63. Mai and Lan won’t come with us, _______________ ?
64. The weather isn’t very bad today, _____________ ?
II. CHOOSE THE CORRECT TAG QUESTION.

1. You're coming to the party, _________ ?
A. aren't you B. isn't you C. shouldn't you D. are you
2. It wasn't very difficult, _________ ?
A. wasn't it B. isn't it C. was it D. is it
3. Tom is getting something for Sue, _________ ?
A. wasn't he B. isn't he C. was he D. is he
4. It won't be anything expensive, _________ ?
A. won't it B. isn't it C. will it D. was it
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5. There's some milk in the refrigerator, _________ ?
A. isn't there B. wasn't it C. isn't it D. was it
6. We don't need to go to the store today, _________ ?
A. don't we B. do I C. didn’t we D. do we
7. Susan can bring some food, _________ ?
A. won't she B. will she C. can't she D. doesn’t he
8. The party starts at eight o'clock, _________ ?
A. isn't it B. doesn't it C. does it D. is it
9. The movie was very long, _________ ?
A. isn't it B. wasn't it C. was it D. are they
10. There's a dictionary on the shelf, _________ ?
A. isn't it B. isn't there C. aren't there D. is there
11. There's a lot of noise outside, _________ ?
A. aren't there B. isn't there C. is there D. was there
12. Mrs. Smith is sick, _________ ?
A. isn't she B. is she C. wasn't she D. were she
13. The dishes are dirty, _________ ?
A. weren't they B. isn't they C. aren't they D. were they
14. Steven won't be at the party, _________ ?
A. won't he B. isn't he C. will he D. is he
15. The math test was very difficult, _________ ?
A. wasn't it B. isn't it C. weren't they D. were they
16. We can go tomorrow, _________ ?
A. won't we B. can we C. can't we D. will we
17. I'm early, _________ ?
A. isn't I B. aren't I C. are I D. am I
18. This shirt is too big for me, _________ ?
A. isn't it B. doesn't it C. does it D. was it
19. Emily plays the piano well, _________ ?
A. isn't it B. does she C. doesn't she D. did she
20. Your neighbors went on vacation, _________ ?
A. isn't they B. didn't they C. aren't they D. don’t they
21. Nga and Maryam are pen pals, they?
A.don’t B. are C.aren’t D.can’t
22. You can’t speak Chinese, you?
A.aren’t B. are C.can’t D.can
23. You like jeans, you?
A. are B. do C. don’t D. aren’t
24. Hoa has lived in Ha Noi for 3 years, she?
A. doesn’t B. isn’t C. has D. hasn’t
25. Nam passed his exam, he?
A. didn’t B. did C. doesn’t D. wasn’t
26. Jane loves the food and the beaches in Viet Nam, she?
A. isn’t B. doesn’t C. does D. can’t
27. Paul will come to Viet Nam next summer, he?
A. does B. isn’t C. will D. won’t
28. Mary was ill yesterday, she?
A. is B. did C. wasn’t D. was
29. Nam didn’t go to the English Speaking club, he?
A. was B. does C. didn’t D. did
30. The progam is interesting, it?
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A. isn’t B. is C.does D. doesn’t
31. Let’s go somewhere for a cold drink, ?
A. do you B. shall we C.don’t we D. shall you
32. Open the door, ?
A. do you B. don’t you C.will you D. will we
33. You used to live in Hue, you?
A. did B. weren’t C.used to D. didn’t
34. I am not late, I?
A. aren’t B. am C. do D. don’t
35. You have to finish your homework before playing games, ________?
A. do you? B. have to you? C. don’t you? D. haven’t you?
36. You don’t like love films, you?
A. are B. do C. don’t D. did
37. He enjoyed his time here, he?
A. didn’t B. do C. don’t D. aren’t
38. Na does not know the neighborhood very well, she ?
A. does B. doesn’t C. do D. is
39. She is practicing music lesson in her room, she?
A. is B. doesn’t C. don’t D. isn’t
40. The natural resources will be short in a few decades, ______ they?
A. will B. aren’t C. won’t D. aren’t
SPECIAL PASSIVE VOICE
A. GRAMMAR CƠ BẢN:
1.Câu bị động đặc biệt :
1.Câu bị động với think/believe/say…:
a, +,CĐ: S(People,They,…..)+ say/think/believe…+that +………
+,BĐ: S+ is/am/are+ said/thought/believed…+to V…………
It+ is/am/are+ said/thought/believed… that+…………
b, +,CĐ: S(People,They,…..)+ said/thought/believed…+that….
+,BĐ: S+ was/were+ said/thought/believed…+to have+V(pII)
: It+ was/were+ said/thought/believed… that+…………
Eg:-People believe that 13 is an unlucky number.
=>13 is belived to be an unlucky number.
=>It is believed that 13 is an unlucky number.
-They thought that Mai had gone away.
=>Mai was thought to have gone away.
=>It was thought that Mai had gone away.
2.Câu bị động với “have”:
+,CĐ: S+have/has/had+sb+V+st+…….
+,BĐ: S+have/has/had+st+V(pII)+(by sb)...
Eg:I had him repair my bicycle yesterday.
=>I had my bicycle repaired yesterday.
3.Câu bị động với “get”:
+,CĐ: S+get/gets/got+sb+to V+st+…….
+,BĐ: S+get/gets/got+st+V(pII)+(by sb)...
Eg: I got him to repair my car last week.
=> I got my car repaired last week.
4.Câu bị động với “make”:
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+,CĐ: S+make/made+sb+V+st+……
+,BĐ: S(sb)+ is/are//was/were made +to V+st+……
Eg:The step mother made Littele Pea do the chores all day.
=> Littele Pea was made to do the chores all day.
5.Need:
+, CĐ: S+need +to V+st+……..
+, BĐ: S(st)+need +to be V(pII).
S(st)+need+V-ing.
Eg:You need to cut your hair.
=>Your hair need to be cut.
=> Your hair need cutting.
Change the following sentences into the passive, using “IT + BE + V3 THAT S2 …”
_ People say that he is 109 years old.
® It is said that he is 109 years old.
1. People expect that the concert will start soon.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. They know that he is very intelligent.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. People believe that he is single.
_____________________________________________________________________
4. Someone reported that the accident was serious.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. People consider that this region is dangerous.
_____________________________________________________________________
6. Everyone thought that she succeeded in business.
_____________________________________________________________________
7. People think that about a million babies are born each year.
____________________________________________________________________
8. People say that those dogs are dangerous.
_____________________________________________________________________
BÀI TẬP
1. People expect that the strike will end soon
It …………………………………………………………………………………..
2. They belived that he crossed the frontier last night
He…………………………………………………………………………………
3. People say that she works 16 hours a day
She …………………………………………………………………………………
4. People report that the building has been badly damaged by fire
The building ……………………………………………………………………..
5. people say that the company lost a lot of money last year
It is ……………………………………………………………………………..
6. People report that two people are killed in the explosion
Two people………………………………………………………………………..
7. People think that the prisioner escaped by climbing over the wall
It is………………………………………………………………………………
8. People belive that 13 is an unlucky number
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It is……………………………………………………………………… ……
9. They rumoured the man was still living
The man………………………………………………………………………
10. They delared that she won the competition
She …………………………………………………………………………….
11. They know that English is an international language
It is ……………………………………………………………………………..
12. People think that Jack London’s life and writing represent the American love of adventure
Jack…………………………………………………………………………………………..
13. They say that Jonh is the brightest student in class
It is …………………………………………………………………………………..
14. They reported that the President had suffered a hear a heart attack
It is ………………………………………………………………………………….
15. They think that he has died a natural death
He ………………………………………………………………………………….
16. They reported that the troops were coming
The troops………………………………………………………………………….
17. People believed that the earth stood still
It was……………………………………………………………………………
CONSOLIDATION
Choose the correct answer
Eg: The man (whom / whose) car I borrowed is very rich.
1. It (says / is said) that this area is dangerous.
2. Mary, (whom / who) I wanted to see, had gone on holiday.
3. They (is expected / expect) that John will study harder.
4. She (ate / has eaten) breakfast already.
5. They finished the test soon, (did not they / didn’t they)?
6. This photograph was taken in Scotland, (wasn’t it / wasn’t this)?
7. The girl (who is talking / is talking) to Bill is my sister.
8. It is (think / thought) that she is rich.
9. Kate is the only person (who / whom) understands me.
10. The flight (that / Þ) I wanted to travel on was fully booked.
11. The man (speaking / spoken) to John is my brother.
PUT THE VERBS IN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT FORM

Eg: She (often go) often goes to school late.
1. Yesterday when I arrived at the station, she (already / leave) __________ for 15 minutes.
2. Mary is fond of (see) __________ the circus.
3. I (receive) __________ twenty cards so far.
4. What’s the problem? You (not / speak) __________ a word since you came here.
5. It (say) __________ that he is helpful.
6. When I (listen) __________ to the radio, I suddenly heard a noise in the next room.
7. He (be) __________ a newspaper reporter before he became a businessman.
8. I’d like (go) __________ to the cinema tonight.
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9. He suggested (buy) __________ some more food.
10. She made me (work) __________ overtime.
11. While I (watch) __________ TV last night, a mouse ran across the floor.
12. This is the four time I (visit) __________ DaLat.
FIND OUT THE MISTAKE FROM THE UNDERLINED WORDS

John, who son gets the same grades as me, is intelligent.
A B C D
® câu A: whose
1. Mary, that lives next to my house, is a nurse.
A B CD
2. It says that there is a secret tunnel across this river.
A B C D
3. The photo taken last week is beautiful, isn’t the photo?
A B C D
4. It was considered that Mary danced beautiful last night.
A B C D
5. It was the children that frightened by John.
A B C D
CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER

1. My French teacher, ________ comes from Paris, loves football.
a. who b. that c. whom d. all are correct
2. ________ that she jogs every morning.
a. It says b. It said c. It is said d. It say
3. It was ________ that so many people are homeless after the flood.
a. reports b. reporting c. report d. reported
4. John, ________ house is very beautiful, is a good businessman.
a. who b. whose c. that d. whom
5. That must be Mary’s mother, ________?
a. mustn’t that b. mustn’t it c. must not it d. must not that
6. The woman ________ we talked was miserable.
a. about who b. about that c. about whom d. all are correct
7. She is a person about ________ I told you.
a. whom g b. whose c. who d. that
Gap filling
__(1)__ that holidays are necessary. We should rest from work for a week __(2)__ two weeks
every year. __(3)__ it is possible, they say, we should leave our homes and go to another part of the
country. We should go away __(4)__ a holiday. Then, after a holiday, we __(5)__ home fresh and strong
and ready for another year of work. This seems to make sense, __(6)__? It is possibly true for most
adults but not for all. Some people don’t like leaving their home __(7)__ in strange hotels or strange
houses. For young children, it is usually untrue. For example, my children, __(8)__ like their homes best
of all, don’t like a sudden change in their lives.
1. a. It says b. It is said c. It said d. It say
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2. a. and b. but c. or d. with
3. a. If b. But c. Because d. Though
4. a. in b. on c. at d. for
5. a. return b. returned c. have returned d. had returned
6. a. isn’t this b. doesn’t this c. isn’t it d. doesn’t it
7. a. stayed b. stay c. to stay d. staying
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. These T-shirts and jeans ……………… in the US. in 1900.
A. have made B. made C. were made D. make
2. The building is very dangerous. It …………… down next week.
A. knocked B. will knock C. will be knocked D. was knocked
3. The room looks nice. It ……………….
A. was cleaning B. has just been cleaned C. will be cleaned D. is cleaning
4. We ……………… each other for 10 years.
A. know B. knew C. have known D. had known
5. Our twenty houses ……………… when the fire engine ……………….
A. had burnt up / arrived B. burnt up / had arrived
C. had been burnt up / arrived D. will have burnt / arrives
6. After I ……………… the grass, it ……………… to rain.
A. have watered / will begin B. water / began
C. had watered / began D. had watered / will have begun
7. Next week when there ………………… a full moon, the ocean tides will be higher.
A. is being B. is C. will be D. will have been
8. English is ……………… all over the world.
A. spoken B. speak C. speaks D. to speak
9. Where will these coconut trees ………………?
A. be planted B. planted C. plant D. be planting
10. Before Jane won the lottery, she …………… any kind of contest.
A. hasn’t entered B. doesn’t enter C. wasn’t entering D. hadn’t entered
11. My parents ……………… tomorrow to stay with me for a few days.
A. come B. will have come C. are coming D. came
12. She left home in 1993 and ………………… since then.
A. hasn’t seen B. didn’t see C. hasn’t been seen D. wasn’t seen
13. ……………… your house painted last year?
A. Had B. Did C. Was D. Have
14. What …………… you …………… at 8 o’clock last night?
A. did/ do B. have/ done C. were/ doingD. had/ done
15. - “We are having a party at the weekend.” - “ Great! Who …………………?”
A. will being invited B. Is going to invite
C. is going to be invited D. will invite
16. This is the fifth time you ……………… the same question.
A. ask B. asked C. are asking D. have asked
17. This church was said ……………… in the 19th century.
A. to build B. to be built C. to have been built D. being built
18. In England, the academic year …………… into three terms. Each term …………… by a one-week
break.
A. is divided / separated B. divided / is separated
32
C. is divided / is separated D. divided / separated
19. Gold ……………. in California in the 19th century.
A. was discovered B. was discover C. has been discovered D. they discovered
20. I am going to have my car …………….
A. service B. to be serviced C. serviced D. servicing
21. Two tablets ……………… twice a day to have you recover from the illness quickly.
A. must take B. must be taken C. must have taken D. must be taking
22. The next meeting …………… in May.
A. will hold B. will be held C. will be holding D. will have held
TEST 01
Câu 1: Chọn câu tường thuật gần nghĩa nhất với câu sau: "If I were you, I wouldn't sign the contract."
said Henry.
A. Henry advised me not to sign the contract.
B. Henry asked me to sign the contract.
C. Henry encouraged me not to sign the contract.
D. Henry reminded me not to sign the contract.
Câu 2: Many people have complained about the _________ air in the area _______ the factory.
A. polluted / surrounded B. polluting / surrounding
C. polluted / surrounding D. polluting / surrounded
Câu 3: In order _________ the child's confidence, you must be strict but fair with him.
A. being gained B. to gain C. gaining D. gain
Câu 4: The tourist company is thought ________ money next year.
A. to be lost B. to have been lost C. to lose D. to have lost
Câu 5: I can remember ________ very proud and happy when I graduated.
A. to being B. be C. being D. to be
Câu 6: Chọn một từ / cụm từ gạch chân trong câu sau cần phải sửa: "We broke out journey in Edinburgh
before being travelled to London the next day."
A. being travelled B. journney C. broke D. the.
Câu 7: More schools are hoped ________ in rural areas in the coming years.
A. to have been built B. to build C. to have built D. to be built
Câu 8: The mystery of the ocean began _________ by scientists
A. to be found out B. to be found out C. to find out D. finding out
Câu 9: All of the students in my school are accustomed ________ school uniform.
A. for wearing B. of wearing C. wearing D. to wearing
Câu 10: They ______ their childhood in the countryside. Life then _______ very hard.
A. spend / is B. spent / were C. spent / will be D. spent / was
Câu 11: Chọn một từ / cụm từ gạch chân trong câu sau cần phải sửa: "The hospital has asked various
voluntary organizations to help raising money for the new operating threatre."
A. raising B. voluntary C. has asked D. to help
Câu 12: Chọn một từ / cụm từ gạch chân trong câu sau cần phải sửa: "She's been trying passing her
driving test for six years and she's finally succeeded."
A. succeeded B. finally C. passing D. driving
Câu 13: Sarah ________ from a well-known university.
A. is said that she graduated B. was said to be graduated
33
C. is said to have graduated D. was said graduated
Câu 14: Chọn câu tường thuật gần nghĩa nhất với câu sau: "Would you like to stay for lunch with us?"
A. They wanted me to stay for lunch with them.
B. They invited me to stay for lunch with them.
C. They promised to offer me a lunch.
D. They offered me to stay for lunch with them.
Câu 15: _________ TV has become one of the most popular forms of entertainment.
A. Watching B. To watch C. To watching D. Watch
Đọc đoạn văn sau và chọn một câu trả lời đúng nhất cho các câu hỏi, từ câu 43 đến câu 47
In the United States, friendships can be close, constant, intense, generous and real, yet fade away in a
short time if circumstances change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas
greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while - then no more. If the same two people meet
again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship where they left off and are delighted.
In the United States, you can feel free to visit people's homes, share their holidays, or enjoy their lives
without fear that they are taking on a lasting obligation. Do not hesitate to accept hospitality because you
can not give it in return. No one will expect you to do so for they know you are far from home.
Americans will enjoy welcoming you and be pleased if you accept their hospitality easily.
Once you arrived there, the welcome will be full, warm, and real. Most visitors find themselves
readily invited into many homes there. In some countries it is considered inhospitable to entertain at
home, offering what it felt as only home cooked food, not "doing something for your guests." It is felt
that restaurant entertaining shows most respect and welcome. Or for the other reasons, such as crowded
space, language difficulties, or family customs, outsiders are not invited into homes.
In the United States, both methods are used, but it is often considered more friendly to invite a person
to one's home then go to a public place, except in a pure business relationships. So, if your host or
hostess brings you home, do not feel that you are being shown inferior treatment.
Don't feel neglected if you do not find flowers awaiting you in your hotel room, either. Flowers are
very expensive there; hotel delivery is uncertain; arrival times are delayed, changed or cancelled - so
flowers are not customarily sent as a welcoming touch. Please do not feel unwanted! Outward signs vary
in different lands; the inward welcome is what matters. And this will be real.
Câu 16: In the United States, friendship will _________ if circumstances change.
A. change suddenly B. be destroyed C. disappear gradually D. be broken
Câu 17: Americans ________ their foreign friends to make a return for their hospitality.
A. hope B. hesitate C. never allow D. don't expect
Câu 18: In the United States, inviting guests to a family dinner is ________ than inviting them to a
public place, except some situations.
A. less inferior B. less hospitable C. more natural D. more popular
Câu 19: According to the passage, which of the following is not definitely true?
A. Flowers are not customarily sent to guests.
B. Flowers are used as a sign of welcome.
C. Flowers are beautiful and available at all time.
D. Flowers are really expensive.
Câu 20: According to the passage, __________
A. Americans enjoy welcoming you if their hospitality is accepted.
B. in some countries it is considered hospitable to entertain at home.
C. inviting someone to a family dinner is considered an inferior treatment.
34
D. friendships in the United States last forever.
Câu 21: Chọn câu tường thuật gần nghĩa nhất với câu sau: "Don't forget to take your ticket with you."
A. His mother reminded him to take his ticket with him.
B. His mother told him to remind to take his ticket with him.
C. His mother advised him not to take his ticket with him.
D. His mother told him not to take his ticket with him.
Câu 22: If you are not completely ________ with the product, you can get a refund.
A. satisfied B. to satisfy C. satisfy D. satisfying
Câu 23: Chọn một từ / cụm từ gạch chân trong câu sau cần phải sửa: "More people are infecting with
HIV this year than they were 5 years ago."
A. this B. were C. infecting D. More
Câu 24: The man _________ daughter teaches me maths, is a doctor.
A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
Câu 25: I rode bicycle trips to the countryside _________ I can enjoy pure air.
A. whose B. which C. when D. where
Câu 26: Tìm một từ mà phần gạch chân có cách phát âm khác so với từ còn lại:
A. gay B. great C. gentle D. gate
Câu 27: I have just met the girls, some of _________ were your friends.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. who
Câu 28: _________ to the party, Nam was happy.
A. Invited B. To invite C. Inviting D. Be invited
Câu 29: The house _________ he used to live in has been collapsed.
A. that B. when C. whom D. who
Câu 30: Chọn một từ / cụm từ gạch chân trong câu sau cần phải sửa: "The cost of living has increasing
so much that he finds it difficult to live within his income."
A. living B. increasing C. much D. within
Đọc đoạn văn sau và chọn một câu trả lời thích hợp nhất, từ câu 1 đến câu 5
The population of the world has increased more in modern times than in all other ages of history
combined. World population totalled about 500 million in 1650. It doubled in the period from 1650 -
1680. By the year 2000, the population will be about 6.6 billion. Estimates based on research by the
United Nations indicate that it will double in the twenty-five years between 1975 and the year 2000.
No one knows the limits of the population that the earth can support. Thomas Malthus, an English
economist, developed a theory that became widely accepted in the nineteenth century. He suggested that
because world population tended to increase more rapidly than food supply, we should continuously
constrain available resources. Malthus cited wars, famines, epidemics and other disasters as in the usual
limitations of world population growth. With recent advances in science and technology, including
improved agricultural methods and great progresses and in medicine, some of the limiting factors in
population growth have been lessened, with obvious results. International organizations have
recommended programmes to encourage general economic development that target areas along with a
decrease in birth rates to effect a lasting solution.
Câu 1: Which of the options below is the best title for the passage?
A. A Brief History of Population and Over-population B. Limiting Factors in Population Growth
C. The United Nations' Estimate D. Thomas Malthus's Theory
Câu 2: What is the population from the estimates based on research by the US?
A. Two million B. Five hundred million C. Seven billion D. Over six billion
Câu 3: Who was Thomas Malthus?
A. A scientist B. An economist
C. A doctor of medicine D. A United Nations' representative
Câu 4: According to the passage, the limiting factors in population growth have been lessened because
of __________.
35
A. precaution B. disasters C. improved technology D. scarcity
Câu 5: What do most experts recommend in order to solve problems of overpopulation?
A. Medical advance and improved agricultural methods. B. Famine and epidemic.
C. Economic development and a decline in the bith rate. D. Conservation of available resources
Đọc đoạn văn sau và chọn một từ thích hợp nhất điền vào chỗ trống, từ câu 1 đến câu 15
THE TREAT TO THE ENVIRONMENT
Nowadays people are more aware that wildlife all over the world is in ___1___. Many ___2___ of
animals are threatened and could easily become ___3___ if we do not make an effort to ___4___. There
are many reasons for this. In some cases, animals are ___5___ for their fur or for other valuable parts of
their bodies. Some birds, ___6___ as parrots, are caught ___7___ and sold as pets. For many animals
and birds, the problem that their habitat, the ___8___ where they live is ___9___. More ___10___ is
used for farms, for houses or industry, and there are fewer open ___11___ than there once were. Farmers
use powerful chemicals to help them grow better ___12___, but these chemicals pollute the environment
and ___13___ wildlife. The most successful animals on earth, human beings, will soon be the only ones
___14___, unless we can ___15___ this problem.
Câu 1: A. danger B. problem C. threat D. vanishing
Câu 2: A. forms B. more C. marks D. species
Câu 3: A. empty B. vanished C. disappeared D. extict
Câu 4: A. harm B. serve C. protect D. safe
Câu 5: A. extinct B. hunted C. chased D. game
Câu 6: A. or B. like C. such D. where
Câu 7: A. alive B. for living C. for life D. lively
Câu 8: A. site B. pint C. place D. spot
Câu 9: A. disappearing B. escaping C. exhausting D. departing
Câu 10: A. soil B. area C. land D. earth
Câu 11: A. up B. spaces C. air D. parts
Câu 12: A. fields B. herbs C. crops D. products
Câu 13: A. spoil B. wrong C. harm D. wound
Câu 14: A. missing B. left C. over D. survived
Câu 15: A. answer B. calculate C. explain D. solve
Đọc đoạn văn sau và chọn một phương án thích hợp nhất để trả lời câu hỏi, từ câu 1 đến câu 5
Today I'd like to begin a discussion on the problem of the heating up the earth. First we'll touch on
the relationship between fluorocarbons and the ozone layer. You probably remember that the ozone
layer is the protective shield around the earth. It is important to all life, because it filters out harmful
ultraviolet light from the sun. Ozone itself, a form of oxygen, is regularly destroyed by natural chemical
processes.
The problem now is that too much of the ozone layer is being destroyed. Scientists suspect that
certain chemicals, such as fluorocarbons, are contributing to the depletion of the ozone layer. And how
do we use fluorocarbons? The most common uses are in spray cans and cooling systems. The chemical
pollution from theses fuorocrabons can account for some of the ozone losses that have been reported.
There are, however, new studies linking the sun itself to the depletion of the ozone layer. We'll go into
that new study more next time.
Câu 1: Who is the most likely speaker?
36
A. A mechanic B. A professor C. A doctor D. A chemist
Câu 2: What is the speaker's main topic?
A. Fluorocarbons and ozone layer B. Ultraviolet
C. Air-conditioning systems D. The uses of spray cans
Câu 3: What is the most important purpose of the ozone layer?
A. Providing fluorocarbons B. Shielding the sun
C. Protecting the earth D. Destroying chemicals
Câu 4: What is the ozone layer made of?
A. Ultraviolet light B. Shields C. Oxygen D. Fluorocarbons
Câu 5: What will the speaker probably discuss next?
A. The make-up of the ozone layer
B. How to make air conditioners with fuorocarbons
C. Harmful effects of ultraviolet light
D. The sun as a cause of ozone layer depletion
Test 02
Choose the word A, B, C or D that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the
others.
1. A. meets B. tunes C. develops D. friends
2. A. admire B. avid C. variety D. while
3. A. agreed B. organised C. based D. listened
Choose the best answer
4. It.............Ha and Lan that are speaking English in this room.
A. was B. be C. are D. is
5. The most important thing is to keep yourself occupied.
A. busy B. relaxed C. comfortable D. free
6. ____ England won the World Cup.
A. It was in 1966 that B. It was on 1966 that
C. It was in 1966 when D. It was 1966 in that
7. She ____ hard but also gets on well with her classmates.
C. not only studies D. not studies only
A. doesn’t only study B. studies not only
8. Collecting stamps ......................... my understanding about the world.
A. enlarges B. broadens C. encourages D. deepens
9. They, as well as he, ……………..responsible for this act.
A. stands B. stand C. standing D. to stand
10. Their efforts were much ………… when they won 2 gold, medals in bodybuilding and billiards.
A. considered B. required C. expended D. appreciated
11. Anything …………better than going to another movie tonight.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
12. Tom,……………..lives next door, is having a party tonight.
A. whom B. who C. Ø D. where
13. Now women work both before …………….. after having their children.
14. Neither she nor I ………………..responsible for that. It isn’t our duty.
A. are B. is C. am D. have
15. My father is an ............ guitarist.
A. accomplishing B. accomplish C. accomplished D. accomplishment
16. There ………two pagodas facing the little lake.
37
A. are B. is C. be D. to be
17. Not only John but also his two brothers ………………… football as their recreation every weekend.
18. The hotel is neither spacious …………………..
19. Vietnam won 3 gold ……………… in the 15th Asian Games.
A. degrees B. medals C. awards D. boards
20. I had to pick up my brother, …………car wouldn’t start.
A. who B. who his C. whose D. whom of
Rewrite the sentences without changing its meaning
26. He broke her glasses. (Cleft sentences in the passive)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
27. Bermuda got its name in 1964. (Adverbial focus)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
28. He didn’t write. He didn’t phone. (neither….nor)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
29. I respect them and I admire them. (both…and)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
30. She is very charming. Moreover, she is very intelligent. (not only…but also)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Test 03
Choose the word A, B, C or D that has the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the
others.
1. A. albums B. tanks C. shops D. plants
2. A. admired B. looked C. missed D. hoped
3. a. popular b. music c. public d. solitude
Choose the best answer
4. Vietnam won 3 gold ……………… at the 15th Asian Games.
A. degrees B. medals C. awards D. boards
5. The hotel is neither spacious …………………..
6. These pictures, as well as, photograph ……………. the room.
A. brighten B. brightened C. brightens D. to brighten
7. What you told me……….to be of on importance.
A. seem B. seems C. to seem D. seeming
8..................... I first met my girlfriend.
A. It was in London that B. It was in London where
C. It was London that D. It was London which
9. This is a picture in the newspaper of a high jumper................... leg was seriously hurt.
A. who B. who C. whose D. that
10. There …..some people at the meeting last year.
A. was B. were C. are D. is
11. Collecting stamps ......................... my understanding about the world.
A. enlarges B. broadens C. encourages D. deepens
12. Mr. James, ……………you met at the conference, taught me Statistics at university.
A. whom B. that C. which D. all are correct
13. Now women work both before …………….. after having their children.
38
14. Five hundred miles………… a long distance.
A. to be B. were C. are D. is
15. I like the book ....................you lent me last week.
A. who B. when C. where D. Ø
16. My father is an ............ guitarist.
A. accomplishing B. accomplish C. accomplished D. accomplishment
17. The Red Lion is the pub in …………..we met for a drink.
A. that B. where C. it D. which
18. Not only John but also his two brothers ………………… football as their recreation every weekend.
19. Mexico City, …............. is the largest growing city in the world, has the population of over ten
million.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
20. My father never indulges ............ drinking.
A. on B. in C. with D. to
Rewrite the sentences without changing its meaning
21. She sends her friends the postcard. (Cleft sentences in the passive)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
22. He described his hometown in his novel. (Adverbial focus)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
23. It won’t rain today. It won’t rain tomorrow. (neither…nor)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
24. She’s French. She’s Swiss. (either ............. or)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
25. She’s tired. She’s hungry. (Not only ............... but also)
Test 04
1. A. governments B. laws C. hundreds D. fuels
2. A. skill B. billiards C. biking D. weightlifting
3. Many kinds of rare animals are on the verge of _______________.
A. disappearance B. death C. destruction D. extinction
4. Yuri Gagarin was really a well-known _______________ all over the world.
A. spacecraft B. cosmonaut C. pilot D. flight
attendant
5. Despite the bad weather, he _______________ get to the airport in time.
A. could not B. might C. was able to D. couldn’t
6. He did well in _______________ mathematics and history.
A. neither B. or C. and D. both
7. The people _______________ for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
A. waiting B. to wait C. who waiting D. which waited
8. A _______________ is a place where you can buy stamps, send letters, etc.
A. station B. post office C. bookshop D. market
9. A _______________ is a vehicle that travels in space.
A. satellite B. spaceman C. spacecraft D. train
10. The fish _______________ for dinner was really delicious.
A. we had B. that we had it C. we had it D. had
11. The story to _______________ I listened yesterday was interesting.
A. that B. whom C. which D. who
12. The ancient Egyptians built stone _______________ as places to bury their kings.
39
A. monuments B. graves C. tombs D. pyramids
13. The singer was _______________ on the piano by her sister.
A. discarded B. accompanied C. performed D. played
14. Peter has left these socks on the bathroom floor, _______________?
A. didn’t Peter B. hasn’t Peter C. hasn’t he D. didn’t he
15. My grandmother, ____________ was an extraordinary woman, lived to the age of a hundred and
fifteen.
A. whom B. who C. which D. that
16. The book is about the girl _______________ runs away from home.
A. whom B. which C. whose D. who
17. I hate camping because I can’t __________an umbrella tent in the wind and can’t make a fire in the
rain.
A. put up B. take over C. set off D. turn round
18. The Asian Games _______________ every four years.
A. takes place B. takes over C. takes part in D. takes off
19. There are some hobbies that I ____________ in for a while besides reading books and collecting
stamps.
A. occupy B. indulge C. fascinate D. accomplish
20. Scientists should be encouraged to develop _______________ for the present sources of energy.
A. gases B. alternatives C. fuels D. power
Choose the underlined part that needs correction.
21. It was at the shop which she bought a wonderful present for him on his birthday.
22. Using bicycles in big cities is good because they are not only clean and easy to park.
23. This school is only for children their first language is not English.
24. John was the last man reached the top of the mountain in the contest held last year.
25. On 15th October in 2003, China launched its first manned spacecraft into space, wasn’t it?
Read and fill in the blanks with the beast answer.
We need energy to live and work. Our major source of (6) _____is oil. Oil is one kind of fossil fuel.
The amount of fossil fuels in the world is (7) _____. Therefore, we must save it and must find new
sources of energy. Geothermal (8) _____and nuclear power are alternative sources of energy. They can
give us electricity. Other alternative sources are the sun, waves (9) _____water. These sources are not
only unlimited and available (10)_____clean and safe for the environment. People should develop and
use them more and more in the future.
26. A. oil B. fuel C. heat D. energy
27. A. renewable B. unlimited C. nonrenewable D. limited
28. A. heated B. heat C. hot D. heating
29. A. and B. or C. both D. also
30. A. both B. either C. but also D. and
Read the passage and do the tasks that follow.
The Asian Games, also called the ASIAD, is a multi-sport event held every four years among
athletes from all over Asia. The games are regulated by the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) under the
supervision of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Medals are awarded in each event, with gold
for the first place, silver for second and bronze for third. This tradition started in 1951. The Asian
Games are dominated by the People’s Republic of China. Competitors are entered by a National
Olympic Committee (NOC) to represent their country of citizenship. National anthems and flags
accompany the medal ceremonies, and tables showing the number of medals won by each country are
widely used. In general, only recognized nations are represented, but a few non-sovereign countries are
allowed to take part. The special case of Taiwan was handled by having it compete as Chinese Taipei
due to the political status of Taiwan.
The 15th Asian Games were held in Doha, Qatar from December 1 st to December 16, 2005. The
next ASIAD will be held in Guangzhou, China from November 2nd to November 18th, 2010.
40
31. The Asian Games is _______________
A. dominated by the People’s Republic of China B. supervised by the Olympic Council of Asia
C. rewarded with only gold medals D. regulated by International Olympic Committee
32. The Asian Games are _______________
A. held every for years B. also called ASIAD C. a multi-sport event D. All are correct.
33. Which of the following sentences is NOT true?
A. In general only recognized nations are represented.
B. Gold medals are awarded for the first place.
C. Taiwan was not represented because of its political status.
D. There are many sports events played in the Asian Games.
34. Where will the 16th Asian Games be held?
A. In Japan B. In China C. In Doha D. In Taiwan
35. The best title for the passage is _______________.
A. The Asian Games (The ASIAD) B. The Olympic Council of Asia
C. The International Olympic Committee D. The National Olympic Committee
Choose the one that is closest meaneang to the root one.
36. The boy played football the whole afternoon.
A. It was the whole afternoon that the boy played.
B. It was football that the boy played the whole afternoon.
C. It was the boy that football played the whole afternoon.
D. It was football which played with the boy the whole afternoon.
37. My mother gave me this camera on my 18th birthday.
A. It was this camera that was given to me on my 18th birthday.
B. It was on my 18th birthday that I gave this camera to my mother.
C. It was me that gave this camera to my mother on my 18th birthday.
D. It was my mother that was given this camera on my 18th birthday.
41

Unit 5 Illiteracy

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Unit 5 Illiteracy

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Tiếng Anh 11 (Ngữ pháp + Bài tập)

RELATIVE CLAUSES (Mệnh đề quan hệ)

Mệnh đề qh xác định

II. CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ:

 Exercise: Choose the best answer:

59) Mary has three brothers, all of ____ are marrieD.

FILL IN EACH GAP WITH SUITABLE RELATIVE PRONOUN : WHICH , THAT ,

FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH RELATIVE PRONOUNS OR RELATIVE ADVERBS . PUT

RELATIVE CLAUSES: JOIN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES :

III. MỘT SỐ LƯU Ý TRONG MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ:

COMBINE SENTENCE USING: PREPOSITION + WHOM/WHICH

8. The film is fantastic. They are talking about it.

IV. CÁCH RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ:

Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ sử dụng Ving, V hoặc Vto

CLEFT SENTENCES (CÂU CHẻ)

REWRITE THE SENTENCES TO FOCUS ATTENTION ON THE UNDERLINED

CLEFT SENTENCES (SUBJECT/ OBJECT/ ADVERD)

CONJUNCTIONS (Liên từ)

COMBINE EACH PAIR OF SENTENCES INTO ONE, USING THE CONJUNCTIONS IN

5. Nam’s handsome. Nam’s intelligent. (Not only ................ but also)

1. COULD: là dạng quá khứ của can, dùng diễn tả:

TAG QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi đuôi)

1. Quy tắc chung:

I. Complele the following sentences with correct tags.

35.You used to study in Quang Trung school , _____________?

II. CHOOSE THE CORRECT TAG QUESTION.

SPECIAL PASSIVE VOICE

PUT THE VERBS IN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT FORM

FIND OUT THE MISTAKE FROM THE UNDERLINED WORDS

CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER

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