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Research Reviewer
Research Reviewer
Chapter 1
Not only does delinquency affect the youth population but also the whole
family and entire neighborhoods. The juvenile delinquent is the person who
suffers the most from his or her actions; he/she may lose their freedom due to
incarceration or probation while also losing ground academically. They risk their
breach of the penal code is an offence for the entire population whereas in the US,
law denotes various offenses committed by children or youth under age 18. These
In United States, every single man or woman living in these days is affected
influences the victims of crime, the perpetrators, and the bystanders. There have
been several programs that have attempted to lower this rate. Although there is
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absolutely no way to totally predict which teenagers will behave in delinquent and
criminal approaches in the future, there are a multitude of risk elements that have
been shown to correlate with these behaviors. This weakness is then proven to
In the Philippines juvenile delinquents, the young people put up a face that
with intense aversion, forgetting that they are teens who are simply in want of
larger guidance. Formally, a Child in Conflict with the Law (CICL) is an individual
who at the time of the commission of the offense is beneath eighteen years
historical however now not less than 15 years and one day old (Blanco, 2011).
In General Santos City, authorities has allocated some PhP15 million for the
implementation of packages next 12 months that will further improve the welfare
of youth in the city. City Mayor Ronnel Rivera stated they have lined up number
initiatives that would help address the fundamental concerns of children, among
them the want for greater getting to know possibilities and safety from abuses.
The preparatory works are underway for the institution of a Likay Droga or Lingap
sa Kabataang Ayaw sa Droga Center that will function alongside the Bahay
Pag-asa, a domestic for out-of-school youths and children who are victims of
Therefore, the scenario above explains that the level of crime occurrence
related to juvenile delinquent is rampant in many places. From this situation, the
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researchers were strongly motivated to conduct a study about the level of crime
This study wanted to find out the level of crime occurrence related to juvenile
Hypothesis
Theoretical Framework
“superego lacunae” theory, children have lacunae in their superego and due to
the parental projection of their difficulties and various pressures onto the children
be a result of unresolved instincts and drives within the human psyche. These
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delinquent offenses are more rampant in societies where rapid population growth,
among people of the high and low socioeconomic status, and ineffective
educational systems are among some of the pressures the youth is dealing with.
Conceptual Framework
and dependent variable of the study. Level of crime occurrence related to juvenile
authorities is representing the dependent variable. And the arrow line signifies
BPAT personnel. This research wwould help them determine the level of
Barangay official. It will provide them idea on how to control and minimize
Residents. This research would give them ideas on how to secure their lives
study.
This study was limited in determining the level of crime occurrence related to
Definition of Terms
The followings terms were defined operationally for the better understanding
of the study.
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Chapter 2
This Chapter discusses the related literature and studies which are useful
office, said Tuesday they have begun the arrangements for the formation of the
"Batang may Pangarap" symphony, which is among the need mediations set by
the neighborhood government this year for the CICLs. He said they at first
focusing to officially sort out the ensemble for the CICLs this late spring," the
authority said. Named GenSan Music Scholarship Program, Cequiña said the
activity will be propelled during a music camp planned on May 15 to 28. He said
the tryouts will be led during the music camp, a yearly action upheld by the
and CICLs "who are less lucky however are musically disposed. GSYO, which
was set up with help from the regional government, has arranged a music
inclination test for nothing for the individuals who might need to benefit of the
PRO12 General Santos City-In only three (3) months from January to
March 2018 Police Regional Office 12 (PRO 12) has recorded 206 number of
adolescent cases including Children In Conflict with the Law (CICL) across
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Region 12.Of the official number recorded demonstrates that the wrongdoing of
Theft had all the earmarks of being the most current wrongdoing submitted
thunders, Violation of Curfew for Minors, Rape, and Acts of Lasciviousness. This
and 38 as of March 20, 2018. PCSupt Marcelo C Morales, in more than three (3)
issues going up against CICL through preventive estimates like "PNP Oplan
wrongdoings, "Oplan Sagip Anghel" a battle against kid misuse and human
dealing.The DSWD deals with a Youth Rehabilitation Center which gives care,
treatment and recovery administrations for CICL that rehabilitates the guilty
parties to reintegrate them into their families and networks as socially working
is always present anytime, anywhere, who gave always, ready to assist the public
of any untoward eventuality. This is for the matter will consciously promote a
sense of security to the citizenry where the desire to commit a crime exist only in
the mind of individual, and the police have no power to determine the thinking and
mobile patrol crew in conspicuously marked radio equipped patrol cars and the
effect of omnipresence.
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must engage motivate and guide subordinates the community members and other
officer is a leader”. Public safety agencies desire frontline employees who can
activities and make neighborhood safer. The leader must have an effective
leadership trait and habits, must be functional and have knowledge about different
offenses committed by minors may be tried in criminal court and subject to prison
person who has criminal intent. A long standing presumption held that, children
under fifteen years old were unlikely to have criminal intent. Many juvenile courts
have now discarded this so-called infancy defense, finding that delinquent acts
“childhood” the practice of exempting children from legal responsibility for deviant
behaviour has been widely followed. Children over the age of seven are
considered old enough to know right from wrong and understand the
consequences of their actions. However, the child over the age of seven is not
viewed as an adult. The problems of youth in modern society are both a major
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national concern and an important subject for academic study. One area of
with respect for and promotion of their personality from early childhood.
wholesome family life. Lack of family guidance is the main factors of being
child-in-conflict with the law. The following are the type of family relationships
where most children in conflict with law came from: lack of parental love and
parental strife, immorality, broken family, and lack of proper guidance and
combination of both biological and social factors, as one cannot go without the
other. Every individual is a social being and the social factors should be given the
from different theories in order to analyses, explain, predict, and prevent deviant
conduct. The purpose of these studies is to eliminate crime in the society and
On the other hand, public safety is general term that covers the end result
of law enforcement. It can stretches from protection of children to concern for the
risk youth, educating homeowners against fraud and preventing youth from
lives and property as well as peace and order in a community. The fact that
barangay police heroes in their own right. The barangay police brigade is one of
prevention in society. The saying and a very small amount of prevention is better
than a pound of cure would easily reveal the importance of misbehavior among
our youth to decide not to do something. And by engaging in lawful, socially useful
prevention of juvenile delinquency requires efforts on the part of the entire society
promotion of their personality from early childhood. Young persons should have
an active role and partnership within society and should not be considered as
persons from their early childhood should be focus of any preventive program
system because citizen’s assistance in the Criminal Justice System helps handle
the complicated task of preventing and controlling crime. They are also assign to
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educate, accept and restoration for all ex-convicts who willing to change and
willing to start again for good. There is a need for more balanced allocation or
peacekeeping duties between the Criminal Justice System and the prevention
based on the role performances of the following: the family whose the most
needed in nurturing individuals specially those belong to child in complicit with the
law (CICL) which also known as juvenile delinquent, Barangay whose the one
who conducted program that help to divert the attention of the delinquent person,
government the one who have a responsibility to manage and support the latter,
private sectors (NGO’s), church that can help to build up the personality and
maintain and develop confidence that give a feeling or belief that ones can rely on
community for the police; to obtain public assistance and cooperation which can
help for the improvement of relation between law enforcer and civilians, to
develop public appreciation, understanding and support for the service of the
relation program, civil action program and mass communication program which
includes special units to handle special problems in major cities, tactical units,
highly trained and well equipped are available to quell. Riots or a violent
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firearms, get heavy attire, shield, baton and helmet and armed only with the
combat with the regulation (CICL), President Rodrigo Duterte and his allies are
pushing for lowering the age of crook duty from 15 years to 9 years old. Duterte,
as early as the 2016 campaign, had sought the change of Republic Act 9344 or
the Juvenile Justice Act of 2006, which allowed young people below 15 years
historical to get away with their crimes furnished they undergo intervention and
9344 was once already amended in 2013, via RA 10630. Section 20-A of the law
lets in teens as young as 12 years old to be detained for serious crimes such as
neighborhood government units to control their very own Bahay Pag-Asa (Houses
of Hope). Duterte, echoed via his allies in the House of Representatives, wants to
lower the minimal age of criminal liability from 15 years ancient down to 9. He
While ago, the Philippine government is one step closer to prosecuting young
lower the age of criminal responsibility from 15 to 9. And if the Senate makes
good on its promise to pass this version, and it’s signed into law by the president,
this would no doubt worsen the plight of Filipino children caught up in the justice
system. Proponents of the bill argue that children would be better protected from
criminals who are trying to exploit them. But the law’s impact would be punitive:
detention, or “car napping,” or violate the country’s draconian drug laws can be
Commission on Human Rights denounced the bill, saying that “punishing children
for the crime and abuse of syndicates and other people is against the state’s
responsibility to look after the interests and welfare of children.” The Philippines
neuroscientific research that shows that the brain is still developing into the
decisions, prioritize, and strategize. Under the Convention on the Rights of the
Child, which the Philippines have ratified, the arrest, detention, or imprisonment of
children should only be used as a last resort, and rehabilitation is a priority. The
with the convention, states in its draft general comment on juvenile justice that the
been subjected to the extreme violence of Duterte’s “drug war,” with the police
drug users or for being pawns of drug dealers. The proposed law will not only
stigmatize children even more to turns them into scapegoats in the government’s
academics and professionals in sociology, politics, and law, and for many
commentators in the media and famous press. In March 2011, a convention was
once held in Berlin with a view to exploring some of the reasons in the back of the
trouble have been first presented there. Many humans who use the time period
scientists, social workers, and judges) repeatedly do so with little knowledge of its
long records and the huge range of meanings with which it has been invested for
greater than two centuries. The term remains instrumental in the categorization
and sentencing of hundreds of young humans around the world, the fact that its
which means has different dramatically according to time and region and still,
suppose more careful about how we use it in our personal work (Ellis, 2011).
On the other hand, nature and effect on armed youth gangs in an East
London Borough over the last decade. It describes the challenges these armed
young guys and female pose to their communities, these charged with preventing
crime and these struggling to vouchsafe for the safety of the community. It
argues that the principal purpose behind the emergence of the armed youth gang
has been the coalesce of two in the past discreet socially deviant groups; the
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rowdy, episodically criminal, adolescent peer group on the one hand and the
have impact regarding on the drugs change and the consequent shift in the focus
involvement with the juvenile justice and adult correctional systems. Little is
welfare, juvenile justice, and grownup corrections have been analyzed. The
Hispanic, 5 p.c Native American) and included all moderate and high chance
19,833). Official files from toddler safety had been used to perceive juvenile
offenders with a records of toddler overlook and to identify juvenile offenders with
an ongoing case of neglect. Event history models were developed to estimate the
drastically extra probably to proceed offending as in contrast with early life with no
focus of juvenile justice. The cutting-edge find out about indicate that ongoing
dependency problems play a essential position in explaining the results done for
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between child welfare and juvenile justice are discussed. (Ryan, Williams,&
Courtney, 2013).
adaptation. Juvenile delinquency brought about with the aid of such difficulties is
the most serious social problem. Most of research has stated that family
regarded as vital protecting factors in the ecosystem. Thus, this find out about
delinquency were additionally verified. Method: This study used facts from Korean
Youth Panel Survey (KYPS) carried out by using National Youth Policy Institute.
Participants were 2,253(1,136 boys, 1,117 girls) center school students (9th
juvenile delinquency and by reading which particular program, sample, and study
format, and the intensity of the program should be matched to the stage of threat
of the juvenile. (de Vries, Huere, Assink, Stams & Asscher, 2015).
According to Brown, (2017) young human beings are often at the middle
of the gun manage debate. Gun rights advocates keep that accountable firearm
use is the key to gun safety, but children, adolescents, and many young adults
lack the capability for sound judgment that is the ideal precondition to responsible
stop the buy and possession of firearms with the aid of minors (in some cases
described as these below the age of 21 years and in different cases as those
young people who commit murder or suicide often do so with weapons owned
through their mother and father or family members, and weapons used by using
underage criminals are often bought illegally. The public welfare accordingly
needs arises when young humans kill one some other or themselves with firearms
As what is discussed in the book of Siegel and Welsh (2018), issues such
as youth violence have sparked interest in the study of juvenile delinquency not
only in the United State but also around the world. Inexplicable incidents of
violence occur all too frequently in schools, homes, and public places. Teen
gangs can be found in most major cities. Hundreds of thousands of youths are
known to be the victims of serious neglect and sexual and physical abuse each
considering the concern with the problems of youth, that courses on juvenile
this book also reviews the legal rules that have been set down either to protect
and perspectives that characterize the study of juvenile delinquency and reflect its
laws and courts to handle juvenile offenders and those who have violated rules
crimes, it also includes a variety of other behaviours that are not criminal. These
acts are often referred to as status offenses, which refer to the condition of the
person’s age at the time the offense was committed. The term “childhood” is used
here because young people under the age of majority, whatever that age may be
in a given state, are legally considered minors, or children. Thus, childhood is not
meant in any demeaning or pejorative sense, but rather it is used as a legal term,
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one commonly found within the records of the juvenile justice system. In addition
to the age of the offender, the type of the offense is also a consideration in the
decision to waive a case from juvenile to adult court. In general, the offense must
be a serious felony, such as murder or forcible rape, although the crime does not
necessarily have to be a capital offense that is, one that may be punished by the
bullying, and numerous other form of juvenile crime and delinquency are still
(IED) in this group is still unknown. The occurrence of IED among juvenile
character traits between IED offenders and the everyday population. A whole 280
delinquent boys (Mean age 16.10 years) had been interviewed by way of skilled
Inventory-2 (STAXI-2), and Modified Overt Aggression Scales (MOAS). The 280
delinquent boys, 32 (11.4%) were identified with IED, 129 (46.1%) were non-IED
psychopathology controls (PC), and 119 (42.5%) have been healthy controls
had been located between childhood with IED and these with any other
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psychiatric disorder. Compared with the PC and HC groups, these in the IED crew
had been more probable to commit a violent crime such as rape, assault, and
affray but much less likely to explain their intent as money or property. The IED
team additionally had a higher price of recidivism history than the HC group. The
IED team displayed greater ranges of nation and trait anger and anger expression
than the HC team and decrease levels of anger manipulate than both the PC and
HC groups. MOAS additionally confirmed that these in the IED group have been
more aggressive than those in the PC and HC groups ( Shao, Qiao, Xie, & Zhou,
2019).
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Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
data.
Research Design
This study used the descriptive-survey method of research because its main
data through individuals who could provide the necessary data. It can be done
This study was conducted at Barangay Tambler, General Santos City, which
located in the island of Mindanao and is within the South Cotabato province. It
was chosen as the locale of the study because this is the barangay where the
Research Instrument
which contained indicators for the level of crime occurrence related to juvenile
delinquent. The second part was about the response of authority in to assign area
in Barangay Tambler, General Santos City. Respondents were asked to rate their
The respondents of this study were the 100 residents of Barangay Tambler,
sampling.
to the barangay chairman and to the residents to let them know the purpose of the
questionnaire.
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validators to check the questions whether valid or not to ensure the validity of the
data gathered.
Tallies and collation of data. The results were tabulated, analyzed and
interpreted. It was done through the help of the statistician who gave the
The researchers used the following statistical tools in the interpretation of the
data:
Sloven’s formula was used to tally the responses of the respondents to the
indicators.
Ethical Considerations
Researchers respected the rights of the respondents and the dignity of the
respondents and their priorities. The respondents were informed of the content of
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the questionnaire and what the study was about. The researchers also protected