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- wpfrsK;d om;vH;k use;f rmBuchH idk af &;ESiyhf nm&nfjrifrh m;a&; zke;f - 0980 23992? 0950 01401? 01-507208
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Address ausmufww H m;NrKd eU ,f? &efuek Nf rKd /YU Nidrf;csrf;aompdwf
Hlaing Kyi Phyu Dhamma Vira Publishing zke;f -01-253255 &J&ifhwnfMunfaom
House
Head Office: Blk (1), Rm(R6), Myanmar Info-
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Tech, yH k E S d y f b0ukd &ifqidk v f suf
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Branch Office: No. 50, 2nd Fl. Bank St,
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e-Mail - dhammavira@gmail.com Empire Colour Repro
 EDITORIAL
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omru aemifjzpfav&mb0qufwikd ;f rSmvnf;
cdkifcdkifNrJNrJ twlvufwJGum cspfcifMuifemrI
wdEYk iS o hf m awGv Y jkd rifvkd qHq
k nf;vdyk gw,fb&k m;?
xdktcg ZeD;jzpfol ol<u,fr eukvrmwm
uvnf; tm;usrcHavQmufxm;jyefonfrSm-
]]jrwf p G m bk & m;..euk v yd w mol < u,f o nf
i,f&G,fpOfuyif i,f&G,folwynfhawmfrudk
xd r f ; jrm;vuf x yf c J h y gonf b k & m;/(i,f v if
i,fr,m;[lvdk)? eukvydwmrSwpfyg; wpfjcm;
olprd ;f a,musmf ;rsm;udk pdwu f ;l xJawmifrxnfch hJ
ygbk&m;? pdwful;yifrxnfh&m udk,fjzifhrlum;
tb,frSmqdkzG,f&m&Sdygrnfenf;t&Sifbk&m;/
od k Y j zpf & m wynf h a wmf w d k Y Z eD ; armif E S H o nf
&mouf y ef ½ d k ; ajrus½H k r Qru b0quf w d k i f ;
cspfcifMuifemrItjynfht0ESifh aevdkMuygonf
bk&m;/
(Z)
Ak'b
¨ &k m;onf eukvydwmESihf eukv
rmwmZeD ; armif E S H w d k Y & J U &if z G i f h a vQmuf x m;
pH um;rsm;udk emcHNy;D aemuf oHo&mwpfciG u f sif
vnf&mb0rsm;ü vifeJYr,m; uGJuGmonf[lí
r&S d a p&/ twl w uG awG Y q H k a exd k i f M u&NyD ;
cspfcif MuifempGmae&wJhenf; edó,nf;jzpfwJh
ZeD;armifE&HS moufyefvq Ykd &kd r,fh tdraf xmifa&;
w&m;udk a[mMum;awmfrlygw,f/
]'g,um? 'g,dumrwd?Yk vifEiS rhf ,m;
hJ pd rö sm; ESpfOD;om;wdkYonf ,ckb0rSmvnf; aowyef
ouf w pf q H k ; &T i f N yH K ;Munf E l ; pG m aeMu&NyD ;
aemifwrvGefb0üvnf; rcGJrcGm ruGJruGm
twlwuG awGq Y v kH Mkd uygvQi-f oifwv Ykd ifr,m;
ESpfOD;om;wdkYonf wlrQaom]o'¨g},HkMunfrI
w&m;xm;&SdMu&rnf/ wlnDaom udk,fusifh
]oDv} apmifhxdef;rIESifhvnf; jynfhpHkMu&rnf/
wlrQaom pGefYBuJay;urf;vSL'gef;rI ]pm*}('ge)
ESiv
hf nf; jynfph MkH u&rnf/ wlnaD om todÓPf
ynm vnf;&SdMu&rnf/ odkYrSom- oifwdkYonf
,ckb0 rSmvnf;MuifMuifemem aemifjzpf
av&m b0awGrmS vnf;rcGcJ mG cspcf ifMuifempGm
aeMu&ayvdrfhrnf/
(ps)
Ak'b¨ &k m;&Sio f nf tdraf xmifom;arG;
vla&;vl&mudpörsm;udk vl'g,um? 'g,dumr
awGudkom a[mMum;cJhonfr[kwf? vl'g,dum
'g,dumrrsm;ESihf ruif;w&m;taeeJq Y ufqaH e
Mu&wJh &[ef;rsm;udkvnf; od&Sdxm;ap&ef
a[mMum;awmfrlygao;w,f/ taMumif;tm;
avsmfpGm jzpfay:vmaom ta&;t&mrsm;udk
todÓPfynmeJYcsifhcsdef pOf;pm;a0zefEdkifMu
ap&ef &nf o ef a wmf r l j cif ; jzpf a yvd r f h r ,f /
a'oemawmftwGufvnf; t<uif;tusefr&Sd
jynfh0ukefvHkoGm;ygawmhw,f/
 FORE ARTICLES
"r®0D&onf Ak'¨w&m;jzifh avmuudk apmihfa&Smuf&efjzpfonf/ 5
'kwd, orZD0dokwf
viferYJ ,m; oHo&mc&D;oGm;Mu&mrSm
uGJuGmrIr&Sd cJGcGmrIew¦d? edAÁmefa&mufwJhtxd
Ak'*¨ w
D u
d m
r,m;eJYvif cspfcifMuifempGm vufwJGoGm;a&;? q&mawmf OD;oDvmpm&
cGaJ &;ryg wGaJ &;omtpOfawGBuKH &r,feh nf;vrf; (½kd;rwdrf r[matmifajrausmif;)
rsm;jzpfayw,f/
teuf t"dymÜ ,ftm;vH;k [m azmfjyyg {uk'ge cDPmo0 0w¬K
yxrorZD0dokwfeJY twlwlygyJ/ Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfonf om0wd¬jynf
od y Ü H u xm
xl;jcm;csufuawmh- yxrorZD0d aZw0efausmif;awmfü aeawmfrlaomtcg
okwu f eukvydwmeJY eukvrmwm ZeD;armifEHS 1/ usifhrl&m rIcyfysif;ESifh oGyfzsif;ol &[EÅm {uk'gerax&faeaom awmtkyfü
wdkYtm; a[mMum;awmfrlcJhjcif;jzpfNyD; a[m'D ,k w f a u/ / wwf y nmyZmwwf y gtH h ? tNcHt&Hig;&mpD&Sdaom yd#uoHk;yHkaqmifaom
'kwd, orZD0dokwfuawmh &[ef;rsm;tm; rsm;rS w f M uav/ /twwf u k d r &S m azG v Qif &[ef;ESpyf g; w&m;a[maomtcg ewfwYkd om"k
a[mMum; ay;awmfrlcJhjcif;jzpfayw,f/ OpömaxG&a&;/ b,fhES,f BuHzefajrmufyr,f/ rac: {uk'gerax&fjrwfonf wpfckaom
vlrIa&;w&m; tdrfaxmifa&;w&m; rk;d avmufumG a0;/ O'gef;*gxmudk a[m&mwGifrS ewfwdkYu om"k
rsm;udv k nf; Ak'b¨ &k m;&Siu f om;awmf&[ef;rsm; 2/ ynmukd b,fvlqkd;wkdY? ,lckd;vkdYygygh ac:onfudk taMumif;jyKí ]e wm0wm "r®"
tm;avmua&;&mud p ö od x m;apvd k a om r,f/ twwfu,f? tvdr®mESifh? Opömb,fwl a&m} paom *gxmudka[mawmfrlonf/
arwå m u½k P mqE´ e J Y a[mMum;cJ h j cif ; Muvd r f h ? avmuvl 0 wf / /od M um;jrif
jzpf a Mumif ; rS w f o m;&ayw,f / avmuD ? vkHavmufu? rsufarSmufu,fonfukd,f0,f/ e wm0wm "r®"a&m?
avmukwå&mESpfjzm udpöt00udk wpfprusef &vG,f\ cifyGef;/ /wrvGef aemifhcgaumif?h ,m0wm A[kbmowd/
rcRif;csefbJ oAÁnKw a&TÓPfawmfjrwfeJY NrKd ucf sr;f om ykrd jdk rif?h uJqifah wmufxeG ;f / a,m p tyÜrdÜ okwGme?
odjrifawmfrlwJhtavsmuf a[mMum;awmfrl 3/ odynm jzpfyGm;atmif? cspfom;wkdY "r®H uma,e yówd/
xm;wJh a'oemajrmufjrm;pGm &Sad Mumif; odxm; oifMuyg/ /rdbq&mwkdY? zefcgcg wynfhom; o a0 "r®"a&m a[mwd?
tyfayw,f/ ukd? axmifem;qefrjiif;atmif? oGif;Muay&m? a,m "r®H eyÜrZÆwd/
]]bk & m;vh l b ? rk e d E ´ v nf ; ? rd e f ; r avSavSmfavScwfESifh? twwfu,frJholrSm? jref r muAsm
a,musf m ;? vl Y p um;jzif h ? rMum;paumif ; ? 0efxrf;omjzpfNr/J /ynm&Sijf zpfayu? vljY ynf w&m;rsm;rsm; a[mMum;½Hkyif?
rem aumif ; uk d ? taMumif ; arQmf a wG ; ? rSm ylaZmfvkdY? ZrÁLay:*kPfxifyvdrfhr,f? rkd;v w&m;aqmifwwf oljrwfrwGif?
a[mwk H a o;\/ xufu/J enf;i,fw&m; em;MumcgvQif?
(&S i f r [m&|om&) 'k Z Æ e uxm emrfum, jzpfx w&m;pOf?
tJ'gaMumifh 'Dpmukdzwf½IaeMuwJh rarhw&m; odxm;olyif?
5/ vlrudk q
f dk [kt
d a0;u? ajy;vkyYd J z,f
"r®0D&*sme,f pmzwfy&dowfolawmfjrwfwkdY rSefrrSm; w&m;aqmifolwGif/
a&Smifyg/ /vlrkdufu,fonf onfrSm[k?
[mvnf;yJ ZeD;armifESHrsm;jzpfMu&if Ak'¨bk&m; He is not versed in the Dhamma
&Sdjcif;&m av,HMum;u? axmifem;csDriJh &SJcJh
w&m;awmfeJYtnD usifhokH;aexkdifoGm;MuNyD; because he speaks much; he who hears
avyg/ /cspfcifMuifom;ESifh? pum;vkd&mukd? little and sees the Truth mentally is, in-
tk d a tmif r if ; atmif a ygif ; oif ; Ek d i f M uygap
qkdygESifh a&SmifMu? vlrkdufu,f pdwfavESifh? deed, versed in the Dhamma, and who is
&moufyef½kd;ajrus vufwGJEkdifMuygap vdkY
rdwfaqGawmf azmfzJGYyJ? vJGwwfEkdifrS/ not heedless of the Dhamma.
qE´jyKvkduf&ygw,f/ ax&0g' Ak'¨jrwfpGm
ok Z euxm pum;ajy/ / w&m;rsm;rsm; a[m
omoemawmftusKd;ukdvnf; qwufxrf;ykd;
wk;d Ny;D aqmif&u G Ef idk Mf uygap/ ]]wpfcwk nf;aom 6/ ynm&Sif olawmfaumif;ukd? aygif; Mum;wwfumrQjzihf w&m;awmfü wwfajrmuf
w&m;*sme,ftjzpf &yfwnfaewJ"h r®0&D *sme,f aygif;i,f azmfazmf/ /pdwfpufu,f aoacG usifvnfol("r®"&)rnfonfrjzpf/ tMuifol
ukdvnf; tywfpOf vufrvGwfwrf;zwf½Ium ESifh? qkdEIwfaxG emcHjynfh? csrf;Munfh½Iajrmf/ / onf tenf;i,faom w&m;udyk if Mum;em&í
todynmtjzmjzmukd qGwcf ;l pm;ok;H Ekid Mf uygap rSmyJhjyif oGefoifjy? MoZmjr axGac:? acsmfap emr um, (pdwfoabm)tm;jzihf opömw&m;
vkdY qkrGefa>cvkduf&ayownf;/ ESifh oufqkH;/ /uwdopömESifh cspf0rf;om udk ydkif;jcm;odjrif\/ w&m;awmfudkvnf; rarh
earmor ® m orÁ K '¨ ó Munf&TifNzdK;/ BudK;okdY acGxkH;/ avsmhwwfaomolonf trSefpifppf w&m;udk
rk H & G m aeZm pOfygq&mawmf (jrefrm 1140-1210 cefY) aqmif&u G of (l wwfajrmufusiv
f nfo)l rnf\/
 DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
6 "r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/
oDvnpfEGrf;aMumif;w&m;
&SifÓP(zsmyk)H
&[ef;awmfrsm;\ oDv usdK;jcif;?
aygufjcif; ajymufjcif;? usm;jcif;- ponfwdkY
jzpfMu&onfrSm vmbfvmb t&Sdeft0gausmf
apmrIaMumihfvnf;aumif;? arxkeoHa,m*
w&m; (7) yg;wdkYaMumifhvnf;aumif; jzpfMu&
ayonf/ &[ef;awmfrsm;\ oDvw&m; usdK;?
ayguf? ajymuf? usm;jcif;oabm[lonfrSm..
tMuif&[ef;onf oDv? odu©myk'f
qdik &f m? yg&mZdutmywf? oHCmh'o d od tf mywf?
xkvp’ Oö ;f -tmywf? edó*¾yd gpdwtf m yg#da'oeD
tmywf ? 'k u ú # f t mywf ? 'k A Ç m oD t mywf ?
ygpdwftmywf- paom tmywf (7) yH&k o dS nhf
teuf? vmbfvmbudk vdkcsifjcif;? ausmfapmrI
*kPfudk vdkcsifjcif; ponfwdkYaMumifh jzpfaom
tmywftkyfpküjzpfap? tqHk;jzpfaom tmywf
tkyfpküjzpfap? oDvodu©myk'f ysufpD;cJhvQif
tMuif&[ef;\oDvonf tpGef;? tem;jywf
aom t0wfuJhodkY ]jywf} onf? ]usdK;} onf
rnfay\/
tMuif&[ef;\ oDvonf? tv,f
jzpfaom tmywftkyfpküygcJhvQif xdk&[ef;\
oDvonf tv,füaygufaom t0wfozG,f
]ayguf} onf rnfay\/ tMuif&[ef;\ oDv
onf tpOftwdik ;f oDvodum© yk'f ESpyf g;? oH;k yg;
ponf ysufpD;cJhvQif xdk&[ef;\ oDvonf
ausmüjzpfap? 0rf;Adkufüjzpfap? tndKa&mif?
teDa&mifpaom tpif;tusm;&Sad om EGm;uJo h Ykd
]]usm;}} aomoDv&Sdonf rnfay\/
tMuif&[ef;\ oDvonf? odum© yk'f
wpfckausmf? wpfckausmf ponfjzihf ysufpD;ae
cJhygvQif xdk&[ef;\oDvonf cE¨mudk,fwpfck
vk;H ü rwlaomta&miftqif;wdjYk zihf tajymuf?
tMum; qef;Mu,fvaS omEGm;uJo h Ydk ]]ajymufMum;}}
aom oDvrnfay\/ þuJhodkY &[ef;awmfrsm;
oDv- usdK;jcif;? aygufjcif;? ajymufjcif;? usm;
jcif; jzpfMu&onfrSm txufwGifazmfjycJhonhf
*kPfowif;ausmfapmvdkrI? vmbf0w¬KaiGaMu;
aygrsm;a&; BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIESihf arxkeoH
a,m*w&m; (7) yg;wdkYaMumifh oDvnpfEGrf;cJh
Mu&jcif;yif jzpfayonf/
arxk e oH a ,m* w&m; (7) yg;
(1) &[ef;onf? jrwfaom&[ef;?
ykPÖm;tusihfudk usihfoçol[k 0efcHvsuf? rmwk
*grESihfESpfOD;twlpyf,SufrIudk rjyKaomfvnf;
rmwk*gru rdrd\udk,fay:odkY rSDvmonfudk
vnf;aumif;? ¤if;ESdyfay;onfudkvnf;aumif;?
a&csdK;í aMu;an§mfwGef;ay;aeonfudkvnf;
aumif;? qkyef ,fay;onfuv kd nf;aumif; (pdwf
ü) om,mjcif;/
þy|ryd'k \f qdt k yfaomt"dymÜ ,frmS -
rmwk*grESiEfh pS Of ;D twl pyf,u S rf rI jyKonfrmS rSef
yifrSefaomfvnf; rmwk*gru vmí rdrdudk,f
ud k rS D j cif ; ponh f ud k , f c sif ; xd y g;rI p aom
um,uH cHpm;rIudk om,mjcif;rSm arxke
oHa,m*- arxkeft&mESihf pyf,SOfaom trI
rnfay\/
(2) &[ef;onf rmwk*grESihf ESpfOD;
twl pyf,SufrIudkrjyK? rmwk*gr\ udk,fxd
vufa&mufjyKpkrIwdkYudk pdwfuom,mjcif;r&Sd
aomfvnf; rmwk*grESifhtwl jyif;pGm&,farm?
waomaomae&onfukd om,míaejcif;/ þ
'k w d , yd k ' f \ oabmrS m - ud k , f c sif ; xd y g;rI -
um,uHrjyKaomfvnf; rmwk*grESit hf wl 0pDuH
rI jyKNyD;om,mjcif;rSm arxkeft&mESihf pyf,SOf
aom trIyifjzpfayonf/
(3) &[ef;onf rmwk*grESifh rsufpd
csif;qkdifí ESpfudk,fwltNydKifMunhfae&onfudk
(pd w f ) u om,maejcif ; ? þwwd , yd k ' f ü
um,uH?0pDurH rI ygaomfvnf; rsupf cd si;f qdik í
pdwfu om,maejcif;onfvnf; arxkeft&m
ESifhpyf,SOfaomtrIjzpfí arxkeoHa,m* jzpf
ayonf/
(4) &[ef;onf eH&Hwpfzuf ponf
rS rmwk*gr\ &,f&TifoH? pum;ajymoH? oDcsif;
qdkoH? idka<u;oH ponfwdkYudk pl;pdkufem;axmif
í (pdwfu) om,maejcif;? þpwkw¬ydk'fonf
vnf; rmwk*gr\ toHuekd m;axmifí om,m
jcif;aMumihf arxkeoHa,m*yif jzpfayonf/
(5) &[ef;onf a&S;u rmwk*grESihf
&,f&TifajymMum;um twlwuG upm;cJhMuzl;
onfrsm;udk tzefzefatmufarhom,mjcif;
[laom þyÍörydk'fonfvnf; ypöKyÜef avm
avmq,fom,mjcif;r[kwfapumrl? umr
udavomESipfh yf,OS af om awG;awmom,mjcif;
jzpfí arxkeoHa,m* yifouf0ifayonf/
(6) &[ef;onf umr*kPfig;yg;ESifh
jynfhpHkí tvkyftauR;wdkYu jyKpkvkyfauR;ae
Mu&aom ol<u,f\b0udkjzpfap? ol<u,f
om;\b0udkjzpfap jrif&ojzihf xdkb0tjzpf
udk om,mwyfrufjcif;- paom q|rydk'frSm
vnf; arxkeoHa,m* yifjzpfayonf/
(7) &[ef;onf trSwfr&Sdaom ewf
tjzpfudkawmifhwum jrwfaomtusihfudk usihf
vsuf ]]igonf þoDv? þtusifh þtm;xkwf
rI ponhfjrwfaomtusihfjzihf ewfrif;BuD; jzpf
&ygvdk\}} [k awmif;wvsuf? xdkewfrif;tjzpf
f udk om,mwyfrufjcif;..[laom þowår
tykd'frSmvnf; ]]arxkeoHa,m*}} yif jzpfav
&m? oDvw&m;udk usdK;- ayguf- ajymuf- usm;
atmif zsufqD;wwfaom þarxkeoHa,m*
w&m;ckepfyg;udk a&Smif&Sm;z,fMuOfEkdifMurSom
vQi?f oDvpifMu,faom &[ef;b0jzihf jrwfA'k ¨
\ tqHk;trjzpfaom y&d,wådomoemh0ef?
y#dywåo d moemh0efwu Ykd kd ausyeG af tmif aqmif
&Guaf wmfrEl ikd Mf urnfjzpfayonf/ ,if;(7) csuf
udk omoemí arxkefi,f(7)yg;[lí ac:a0:
orkwfMuonf/
usrf ; ud k ; / / tEk ' D y eD u srf ;
(oD v yg&rD u @)
&S i f Ó P (zsmyH k )

"r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/
acwfodyHÜtode,fy,fukd Ak'¨tbd"r®mjzifh xdef;csKyf&efvkdygonf
wuú o d k v f o Qif o D & d ( "r® m p&d , ? B.A)
odyÜHonf at'D 20 &mpkwGif acwfpm;vmí avmu½kyfydkif;
qdkif&m t&m&mü vTrf;rdk;vmcJhygonf/ xdkodkYvTrf;rdk;jcif;ESifhtwl
odyÜHynmaMumihf ½kyfydkif;qdkif&m ypönf;0w¬KwdkYonf tppt&m&m
jynhfpHkvmMuonfudk ,aeY vlom;wdkY awGUBuHKcHpm;aeMu&ygonf/
,aeY v l o m;rsm;\ b0onf od y Ü H y nmpG r f ; tm;aMumih f
ewfbHkewfeef;ozG,faeEkdifovdk pm;p&m tpm;tpmrsm;? 0wfp&m
t0wftxnfrsm;? aq;0g;rsm;? a&vQdK;rdk;ysH oabFm? av,mOfrsm;
ponfwdkYonf a&S;uESihfrwl wdk;wufvmMuygonf/
qefuY sib f ufw\ Ykd obm0twdik ;f ½kyyf ikd ;f jynhpf rkH rI sm;ydí
k ydí
k xdkodkYprf;oyfjcif;? avhvmjcif;? "mwfcGJjcif;jzihf tqif;paom yÍöm½Hkudk
wdk;yGm;vmaomtcg pdwfydkif;qdkif&m jynhfpHkrIrsm;onf ydkí ydkí avsmh
enf;vmum vlom;wdkYtaejzihf Nidrf;csrf;rIudk r&Ekdif? ppfrSefaom
csrf;omokcudk r&MubJ &Sdaeygonf/
pdwfydkif;qdkif&m tm;enf;vmaomtcg trSm;rsm; ydkíydkí
wdk;yGm;vmNyD; trSefrsm; ydkí ydkíwdk;yGm;vmumtrSefrsm; ydkíydkí
avsmhenf; oGm;onf/ tukokdvfw&m;rsm; ydkíydkí wdk;yGm;vmNyD;
ukokdvfw&m;rsm; ydkíydkí avsmhenf;oGm;&avonf/
,aeYacwf vlom;wdo Yk nf odyaHÜ cwf[al om qdpk um;twdik ;f
t&m&mudk odyÜHynmjzihf wdkif;wmMunhfavh&SdMuygonf/
od y Ü H y nmwG i f tcsuf t vuf u d k od t m½H k u d k o d r I u d k o m
ay;Ekdifonf? ,if;tcsuftvufESihf tm½HkwGif trSm;ESihftrSefr&Sdacs/
odyÜHynmonf ½kyfydkif;qdkif&m odrIrsm;ESihf ywfoufí pnf;
pepfusavhvm okawoejyKxm;ojzihf auseyfz, G &f m&So
d nf[k qkEd idk yf g
onf/ Ak'¨tbd"r®mt& trSm;ESihftrSefonf pdwf? apwodufwdkY\
trnfjzpfí ,if;trSm; ESit fh rSeo f nf vlom;wd\ Yk A[d'j¨ yifyoEÅmefwiG f
r&SdbJ tZÑwåtwGif;oEÅmefomjzpfEkdifonf[k Ak'¨tbd"r®muqdkxm;
ygonf/
pdwfydkif;qdkif&modrIrsm;ESihf ywfoufí odyÜHynmxuf Ak'¨
tbd"r®mynmu ydkí pnf;pepfusygonf/
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
7
Ak ' ¨ t bd " r® m onf bD p D ( 6)&mpk r S pwif a cwf p m;vmNyD ;
avmu\ pdwfydkif;qdkif&mt&m&mudk vTrf;rdk;\? vTrf;rdk;onfESihftrQ
pdwfydkif;qdkif&m jynhfpHkrIrsm;onf txGwftxdyfodkY a&mufcJhygonf/
Ak'¨\ tbd"r®monf tcsuftvufudk pnf;urf;enf;pepf
wus odojzihf tcsuf tvuf\ obm0udek m;vnfvmygonf/ xdx Yk uf
ausmí f tcsut f vufuo kd ad om toduv kd nf; xyfqihí
f odjyefygonf/
xdktcg tcsuftvufudkodaom tod\ obm0udk em;vnfvm
ygonf/ (0g) tod\todudk em;vnfvmygonf/
tcsuftvufudk odaomtodonf onmodvm;? 0dnmPf
odvm;? ynmodvm;[l í cGJjcm;Ekdifygonf/ ukokdvfvm; tukokdvfvm;
[k pdppfEkdifygonf/ 0dZÆmvm;? t0dZÆmvm;[k qHk;jzwfcsufcsEkdifygonf/
þoabmonf odyÜHynm trsKd; tpm;r[kwf? tbd"r®mtod
trsKd;tpm;jzpfonf/ wpfqihfodaomt&mr[kwf? ESpfqihfodaom
t&mjzpfonf/
odyÜHynmtodonf wqihfudkom odEkdifygonf/ tbd"r®m
uom ESpfqihfodEdkifygonf/
Ak'¨\ tbd"r®mt& tm½Hkrsm;udk tkyfpkcGJvdkufvQif tqif;?
toH? teHY? t&om? tawGU[laomjyifytm½Hk(yÍöm½Hk)ig;rsKd;ESihf pdwf?
apwoduf? onm? edAÁmef[laom "r®m½Hk[lí (2)rsKd;awGU&ygonf/
odyÜHynmonf tqif;paom yÍöm ½HkESihfqdkifonf "r®m½HkESihf
rqdik yf g? "r®m½Ho k nf tbd"r®mESiq fh ikd o
f nf? tqif;paom tm½Hik g;yg;onf
vufawGUprf;oyfí&onf/ pl;prf;í&\? "mwfcGJí&\? avhvmí&\?
odEkdif\? xdktodonf odyÜHtodjzpfonf/ vufawGUtodjzpfonf/
xdaYk Mumihf odyeHÜ nf;ynmjzihf jyify qdik &f mtm½Hrk sm;udk pnf;pepf
wus odEidk o f nf [k qd&k ygrnf/ od&Yk mwGif todonf xdrk QEiS fh r&yfao;?
xdkrQaom todtqihfonf tcsuftvufod tqihfomjzpfygonf/
Ak't ¨ bd"r®monf xdx k ufyykd gonf/ trSm;ESit fh rSef todtxd
tqihfwufoGm;\? vlwdkY\ todonf ygVdtac: tmo,? trSm; ESihf
trSet f qiho f rYkd a&mufrcsi;f qufqufí oGm;\/ a&mufro S m&yfwef\ Y /
od k Y & mwG i f od y Ü H o nf tcsuf t vuf t qih f ü om&yf w ef Y
avonf/ xdkYxufausmfí rvdkufyg/ odyÜHtodudk tm½Hkod[kqdk&ygrnf/
tqihftm;jzihfqdku wqihfodyifjzpfygonf/
wqihfod[lonf rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? udk,fwnf;
[laom ('Gg&) (5)aygufü xdkufoihfovdkxifvmaom tqif; paom
yÍöm½Hkig;yg;udk pepfwus odjcif;yif jzpfygonf/
tbd " r® m tod u m; tm½H k j yKMu&rnh f t &mud k tm½H k j yK&m
odaomtodjzpfonf/ tqihftm;jzihfqdkvQif (2) qihfodjzpf\? ESpfqihf
od[lonf tm½Hkudkodaomtodudk xyfqihfí odjcif;jzpfygonf/
tm½H k u d k o d a omtod u d k tm&r® P d u [l í vnf ; aumif ; ?
"r®m½Hk[lívnf;aumif; tbd"r®muqdkygonf/ ,if;"r®m½Hk[laom
w&m;rsm;onf pdwftayguf(raem'Gg&)ü omxifvmwwfygonf/
 DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
8 "r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? avmuom;tm;vkH;twGufjzpfonf/

a&SUaqmifvrf;jy
t&Sio
f v
D mpm& (zm;uef)Y

avmuü trSefw&m;odjrifEdkifzdkY&ef
twGuf a&SUaqmifvrf;jyrnfo h l vdt k yfayonf/
trSefw&m;udk odjrifEdkifzdkY&m q&maumif;udk
&SmrSD;&rnf-[k bk&m;&Sifa[mawmfrlcJhayonf/
rSefvSay\/ avmuDa&;üjzpfapç avmukwå&m
a&;üjzpfap wdusaomvrf;ñTefcsufr&Sdu c&D;
ra&mufEdkifay/ BudK;pm;tm;xkwforQtpOf
racsm? tajctaervSjzpfwwfayonf/ ]]cJav
orQ oJa&usrdkY vJao&wmrS awmfvdrhfOD;rnf}}
[k ajym&rnfomjzpfayonf/
trSew
f &m;udk ñTejf yEdik af om q&m&Sd
rSvnf; enf;aumif;vrf;rSef&Edkifayvdhrfrnf/
aocsmaomvrf;ñTeyf *k Kd¾ vçf wdusaomvrf;ñTef
csuw f u
Ykd m; atmifjrifrt
I wGuf t"duaomhcsuf
rsm;yifwnf;/ ]]q&mçrjy ig;ydzkwfawmif enf;
rus}} [k qdk½dk;pum;&Sdayonf/ rSefuefaom
q&mESihf wdusaomvrf;ñTefrIudk udk,fpm;jyK
aom pum;[kqdkuvnf; rrSm;Edkifygacs/ (Oyg
,rEÅa&e etw¬o'd -d¨ enf;vrf;aumif;ESiu fh if;
í tusdK;w&m;NyD;pD;jcif;onf avmuür&Sd)
pHjrESi[ fh efy- [k oli,fcsi;f ESpaf ,muf
&SdMu&mwGif wpfaeYaomtcg pHjyu [efyudk
]]a[h..rif; ig;ydzkwfwwf&JUvm;uG}}
]]ysi;f p&maumif;vku d w
f m oli,fcsi;f
&m? ig;ydzkwfwmrsm; a&;BuD;cGifus,fvkyfajym
aewm? ig;ydzkwfwmrsm;Asm? ynm&yfBuD;wpfck
taeeJY ajymaewm tHhyg&JU}}
pHjrç [efy-wdkY oli,fcsif;ESpfa,muf
tjyeftvSefpum;ppfxdk;aeMujcif;jzpfonf/
omrefMunhfvQif ig;ydzkwfwmrsm; ynm&yfBuD;
wpfct k aeeJY yHBk u;D csUJ p&mrvd?k pmzGUJ aep&mrvd?k
xdkYaMumihf tar;cH&aom ]][efy}} u ]]pHjr}} udk
rcHcsifpdwfjzihf ajymjyjcif;jzpfayonf/
at; ..ysif;p&maumif;w,fqdk&if
ig;ydb,fvdkzkwf&r,f-qdkwm ajymprf;uGm?
odyaf wmh avQmrh wGuef aYJ emf? ae&mwdik ;f rSm enf;
ynmqdkwm &Sdw,f/
pHjruajymvkdufawmhtcg tar;cH&
aom ]][efy}} u rD;zdkacsmifxJu ig;ydZD;jzLoD;
vHk;cefY,lNyD; ajymvdkufonfrSm-
]]a[haumifpjH r rif;aocsmMunh?f ig;yd
zkwef nf;udk tajymr[kwb f ;l ? igvufawGU zkwf
jyr,f}}
]][efy}} onf ig;ydudk vHk;onftae
txm;jzihf rD;zdkxJ xnhfzkwfavawmhonf/
b,fvrkd S rusu?f rusuaf v BuKd ;pm;Ny;D zkwaf v?
zkwfav rusufavjzpfaeawmhonf/
]][m; [m; [m; awmfvkdufwJh urÇmh
ynm&SBd u;D ygvm;? ig;ydzwk ef nf;uawmh rSwo f m;
avmufygayw,f? xl;qef;axGvm urÇm'h ikd , f m&D
xJrSm rSwfwrf;wifxm;avmufygw,f? ig;ydudk
vHk;NyD;zkwfw,f-qdkwm 'Dynm&SdBuD;eJYawGUrSyJ
od&awmhw,f}}
pHjru [m;wkduf&,farmavawmh
onf/ rcHcsiaf yr,hv f nf; [efyrSm bmrSrwwf
Edkifawmhyg/ ]]tajymBuD;ayr,hf wa,menf;
ynm[m rvG,yf gvm;}} [laom oabmrsKd ;jzihf
BudwfNyD;BudK;pm;zkwfMunhfonf/ rxl;a&csmh
rxl;? ig;ydudk vHk;NyD;zkwfonhftwGuf b,fvdkrS
rusuf? pdwfysufvufavsmhvkduf&awmhonf/
]]uJ uJ ihgudkay;prf;? rif;udk ig ig;yd
zkwfjyr,f? wpfoufvHk; raorcsif;rSwfxm;}}

rsufpdpaom yÍö'Gg& ürxifyg/ xdkYaMumihfyÍö'Gg&ü xifaomtm½Hkudk tay:xyfqihfíod aom trSm;ESihftrSeftaumif;ESihfraumif;? pm;

odaomtodudk xyfqihfí odaomtod[lí tod(2)rsKd;uGJjym;ygonf/
xdkESpfrsKd;wGif yxrtodum; odyÜHtod(tcsuftvufudk
odonf?) 'kwd, tod um; tbd"r®mtod(trSm;ESihftrSef aumif;ESihf
raumif;tod) 0dZmÆ ESifh t0dZmÆ ukovkd Ef iS fh tukov kd t
f od tm½Hjk yKro
I nf
odytHÜ &m tbd"r®m rSmyg&So d nf/ trSm;ESit fh rSef taumif;ESifh raumi;f?
oihfESifhroihfwdkYonf pdwf? apwodufwdkY\ trnfjzpfíjyifyef;ür&Sd?
vlom;\ twGif;üom&Sdonf/
avmuOyrmtm;jzih f þt&monf xrif ; jzpf o nf /
xdkxrif;udk igodonf[lí 0guspum;(2)rsKd;jzifhqdkEdkifonf/
þ[monf xrif;jzpfonf[al om todonf tcsut f vuf
yÍöm½Hktodjzpfí odyÜHod trsKd;tpm;üyg0ifonf/
þxrif;udk igodonf[al om todonf tcsut f vuftod
aumi;f raumif; "r®m½Ht k odrsK;d jzpfonf/ tbd"r®mtodrsK;d üyg0ifonf/
,aeYodyÜHynmaMumihf yÍöm½Hke,fy,fonf us,f0ef;vm\/
teEÅpMu0Vmwdkifatmif us,f0ef;vmEkdifygonf/
yÍöm½Hkudkwenf;tm;jzihf umr*kPf tm½Hkig;yg;[kac:ygonf/
xdkumr*kPftm½Hk ig;yg;us,fjyefYvmonfESifhtrQ wPSm? rme? 'd|d
[laomt,kwfw&m;rsm;onf vlom;avmuwGif wdk;yGm;vmrnf
jzpfygonf/ xdktcg arwåm u½kPm? rk'dwm? Oayu©m[laom jA[®pdk&f
tjrwfw&m;rsm;avsmhyg;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/
xd k t cg þurÇ m avmuBuD ; onf " r® t ppf r S e f j zpf a om
csr;f omESifh pyf,OS af om Nird ;f csr;f rIwo
Ykd nf a0;ía0;íoGm;Ny;D ppfreS af om
qif;&JESihf ppf rSefaom aomuwdkYonf eD;íeD;ívmygvdrhfrnf/
(quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )
 DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
"r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/
pHjronf [efyxHrS ig;ydudk,lNyD; Zmwfudk owdjyKoifhMuayonf/
jym;csyf a tmif jyKvk y f v d k u f a vawmh o nf / a&S;wkef;u ukefonfwpfaxmifudk
jym;csyNf y;D om; ig;ydjym;udk pwD;ZGe;f Bu;D wpfcak y: acgif;aqmifESpfa,mufu ig;&mpDcGJNyD; tkyfcsKyf
rSmuyfvsuf rD;zkwfvkdufaomtcg (1) rdepfç Muonf/ ork'´&mtv,fç uRef;i,fwpfckudk
(2) rdepftwGi;f rSmyif usuo f mG ;avawmhonf/ trSDjyKNyD; aexkdifMuavonf/ vlrsm;pGm\
]]rSwx f m; ig;ydqw kd m b,fawmhrS vH;k taetxkdifroefY&Sif;rIaMumihf uRef;apmifhewf
rzkwf&bl;? jym;uyfNyD;rS zkwf&w,f? ynm&SdBuD; rsm; a'goxGufMuonf/
a&}} ]]'D v l a wG awmf a wmf ½ I w f w ,f ?
pHjru ceJYwJhwJhajymvkdufaomtcg wdkYaewJh uRef;ay:rSmaeNyD; oefYoefY&Sif;&Sif;
[efyu- raeMubl;? npfwD;npfywfeJY}}/
]][k w f u J h y g q&mBuD ; uRef a wmf ]]at; [kwfw,f? taetxdkifroefY
wpfoufvHk; rSwfom;xm;ygr,f? aemufwpfcg &Sif;wJh 'DvlawGudk 'Dtwdkif;Munhfraeoifhbl;/
'Dvdkrjzpfap&awmhygbl;? uRefawmfrSm;oGm;yg wenf;enf;eJY 'Pfcwfoihfw,f? 'Dvdkrvkyf&if
w,f q&mBuD;&,f}} wJh/ Mum&if ydkqdk;vmawmhrSm}}
atmf avmurSm q&mç rjy&if ig;yd uRe;f apmifeh wfrsm;\ wpfO;D ESiwhf pfO;D
zkwfawmif enf;vrf;rusygvm;¿ ajymaeMuaom a'greópum;rsm;yif? b0if
avmuü BuD;yGm;wdk;wufvdkolwdkif; rusp&m xd k a 'greójzpf & yf r S p wif N yD ;
q&maumif;orm;aumif;udk &SmazGaygif;oif;& aemufqHk; qHk;jzwfcsufcsonfum;-
rnf? tm;xm;udk;uG,f&rnf/ ta&;BuD;onf ]]uJ uJ ajymaeMumw,f? 'DvlawG
um; udk;uG,fqnf;uyf&mü q&mç rrSm;zdkYyif tukefvHk; OykofESpfywftwGif; yifv,fa&eJY
wnf;/ wpfcgwpf&H udk;uG,fqnf;uyf&mrS aq;aMumypf w m aumif ; w,f ? b,f h e J Y v J ?
ab;Oyg'fjzpfvmwwfayonf/ (ZmwH o&P tm;vHk;oabmwlMu&JUvm;¿
awm b,H ? o&Pawm? ud k ; uG , f q nf ; ]][m tJ'g odyaf umif;wJh tpDtpOfy?J
uyf&mrS? b,H? ab;'kuo © nf? ZmwH? jzpfay: bmrS uefu Y u G pf &mr&Syd gbl;? tm;vH;k oabmwl
vmwwf a y\) Muygw,f? 'Dvdkqdk tm;vHk;nDapaemf nDap}}
bk&m;rSwfvdkYudk;uG,f zGwfxGufawmh uRef ; apmih f e wf r sm;\ aemuf q H k ;
rS awmifyrYkd eS ;f od&aom tjzpftysuw f u
Ykd vnf; qHk;jzwfcsufrSm jyif;xefvS\/ b,folaoao
&Sdao;\/ tcsKyftm;jzihfqdk&aomf em,u iawrm&ifNyD;a&m-[laom oabmrsdK;yif/
*k P f a jcmuf y g;ES i h f j ynh f p H k a om tBuD ; tuJ rSeaf yonf? ud, k t fh a&;xuf olwpfyg;ta&;udk
rdwfaqGq&morm;udk a&G;cs,faygif;oif;&ay rawG;MuonfrmS avmu"r®wm? ud, k rf csad wmh
onf/ trdaomfvnf; om;awmfcJç urÇmhrD;avmif
xdk em,u*kPfajcmufyg;um;- om;aumifcseif;- [laom qdk½dk;pum;vnf;
1/ x<uvHkYv0D&d,&Sdjcif;? &Sdonfr[kwfygavm/
2/ Ekd;Ekd;Mum;Mum;&Sdjcif;? avmuü rnfonhfae&ma'orqdk
3/ oem;Muifemwwfjcif;? vlaumif;csnf;rjzpfEdkifovdk vlqdk;csnf;vnf;
4/ onf;cHwwfjcif;? r[kwMf uay? taumif;ç tqd;k [lonf avmu
5/ cGJjcrf;a0zefEdkifpGrf;&Sdjcif;? ü xm0& 'Gew f aJG eayonf/ vlewfjA[®mowå0g
6/ tajrm§ t f jrifynmrsupf &d jdS cif;-wdYk tm;vHk; taumif;tqdk;trsdK;rsdK;&SdMuayonf/
jzpfayonf/ uRef;ay:&Sdvlom;tm;vHk;udk rsdK;wHk;
ÄÄ x<uç Edk;Mum;? oem;ç onf;cH? atmifvyk yf pfrnht f ajctaewGif xl;xl;jcm;jcm;
a0zefç axmuf½I þajcmufck BuD;ol0wå&m;/ w&m;apmifhaom "r®ewfom;u-
avmuü a&S U aqmif a umif ; vQif ]]'DvlawGtm;vHk; oem;p&maumif;
aumif;oavmuf aemufvu dk af emufygvlrsm;pGm vk d u f w m? rMumcif ork ' ´ & mxJ arsmygNyD ;
wdkY csrf;omMuonf? BuD;yGm;wdk;wufMuonf/ toufqHk;½IH;&r,fqdkwm rod&SmMubl;? rjzpf
a&SUaqmifraumif;vQif aemufvkdufaemufyg bl;? rjzpfbl;? igoGm;u,frS jzpfr,f}}
vlrsm;pGmwdYk ysupf ;D Muonf? qH;k ½I;H epfemMuonf/ w&m;apmif h a om"r® e wf o m;onf
þum; avmu"r®wmrSefvSpGmaom ed,mr uRe;f \ajrmufbufrS ud, k x
f ifjyvsuf owday;
oabmw&m;BuD;yif jzpfayawmhonf/ pum; ajymMum;avonf/
þtcsufESifhywfoufí ork'´0gPd ]]tdk uRef;ay:&Sdvlom;taygif;wdkY
9
'DuaeYupNy;D aemuf (15) &ufMum&if yifv,f
a&vTrf;rdk;NyD; oifwdkYtm;vHk;'ku©a&mufMuvdrfh
r,f? 'gaMumifh apmapmuBudKwifNyD; avSrsm;
udk tqifoihfjyifqifxm;Muukefavmh}}
w&m;apmif h a om"r® e wf o m;u
oem;MuifemaomtoHjzihfajymMum;NyD;aemuf
aysmufuG,foGm;avonf/
uRef;ay:&Sdvlom;tm;vHk;rSmvnf;
wpf a ,muf r suf E S m wpf a ,muf M unh f u m
usef&pfcJhMuavonf/ bmvkyf&rSef;rod? ajc
rudkufrd vufrudkifrd tm;udk;&mrJhjzpfMuukef
awmhonf/ xdkodkYjzpfaecdkuf tcsdKUaomvlawG
u-
]]apmapmu ewfom;ajymoGm;wJh
pum;[m vHk;0rjzpfEdkifbl;? tvum;avQmuf
ajymoGm;wm? bmrSaMumufraeMueJ?Y aeNrw J idk ;f
om aysmfaysmfyg;yg; qufaeMuyg? olrsm;yg;pyf
eJY vrf;qH;k ae&if tJ'gud, k yf ikd Ó
f Pfr&Sw
d o
hJ al wG
yJ? wHk;&muswmayhg? wdkYuawmh at;at;aq;
aq;yJ}} [k ajymqdkMuavonf/
rMumcif uRef ; \awmif b uf u
w&m;rapmifhaom t"r®ewfom;u udk,fxif
jyvsuf-
]]aemuf (15) &uf M um&if v nf ;
yifv,fa&vHk;0rwufEdkifbl;? oifwdkYtm;vHk;
bmrStEÅ&m,fr&Sdbl;? aMumufraeMueJY}}
xdkodkYajymqdkNyD;aemuf aysmufuG,f
oGm;avonf/ vlawGtm;vHk; bmudk,Hk&rSef;
rod ? tl w d t l a Mumif j zpf u k e f M uawmh o nf /
ewf o m;ES p f a ,muf a jymoG m ;aompum;u
wpfrsKd ;pD qefu Y sib
f ufjzpfaeaomaMumifh a0cGJ
r& 'dG[jzpfaeMuonf/ yxrewfom;ajym
pum;u rSefoavm¿ 'kwd,ewfom;ajym
pum;u rSefoavm¿ oabmr&Sd [kwfwdkif;
rodMuawmhay/
]]t&ifajymwmjzpfvdkY yxrewfom;
ajymoGm;wJhpum;u rSefavmufr,fxifw,f?
rif;wdaYk um b,fvo kd abm&MuwmwH;k ? ajymMu
prf;yg}}
]]t&ifajymwJph um;jzpfwikd ;f vnf; rSef
csifrS rSefwm? aemufrSajymayr,hf rSefcsifvnf;
rSewf mygyJ? b,f[mrS yHak oajymvdrYk &bl;/ wdu Yk
awmh yxrajymoGm;wJh ewfom;&JUpum;udkyJ
twnf,v l u kd af wmhr,f}}
þod k Y v Qif tcsd K Uvl r sm;u yxr
ewfom;ajymMum;oGm;onfudk twnf,lvdkuf
avawmhonf/ xdkYaMumihf avSç azmifwdkYudk
jyKvkyfMuavawmhonf/ yGJr0ifciftjyifu
usif;yjcif;wnf;/
 DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
10 "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/
]]vk y f M ua[h ? b,f t &mrqd k
atmifjrifrIqdkwm BudKwifjyifqifrItay:rSm
wnf & S d w ,f ? Bud K wif j yif q if r I r &S d u bmrS
ratmifjrifEidk b f ;l / vlawmfawmfrsm;rsm;uawmh
BudKwifjyifqifrIr&SdMubl;? cvkwfxdrS trdwç
wJo h al wG rsm;w,f/ tJ'g tydt k vkyo f ufouf
yJ}}
q&mBu;D ajymwJph um; odyrf eS yf gw,f?
vlawmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m BudKwifjyifqifrI odyf
rvkyfMuygbl;/ tJ'g odyfrSm;ygw,f? ab;&ef
tEÅ&m,fqw kd m b,faeYrmS b,fvakd y:vmr,f
qd k w m b,f o l r S twd t usrod M uygbl ; /
'gaMumihf udk,fvkyfoifhvkyfxkdufwJh BudKwifjyif
qifraI wGukd jyKvyk x f m;jcif;[m wu,ftajrmf
tjrifÓPf&o dS al wG&UJ vky&f yfjzpfw,f/ tJ'gudk
yJ q&mBuD;u ]]BudKwifjyifqif atmifyGJ0if}}
vdkY pum;yHkvkyfNyD; tNrJowday;qHk;raewmudk
tBudrfaygif; renf;awmhygbl;}}
yxrig;&mtkyfpku aysmfaysmfyg;yg;
ESifh avSç azmifwu Ykd kd jyKvyk af eMuonf/ ]]tu,f
írsm; yxrewfom;ajymovdk yifv,fa&wuf
vm&if t&Hoihftm;vHk; avSmfcwfoGm;½HkyJ/
yifv,fa&rwufvm&ifvnf; udpör&Sdbl;/
aemifwpfcsdeftwGuf BudKwifjyKvkyfNyD;om;
jzpfomG ;wmayhg? xl;Ny;D awmh yifyef;roGm;ygbl;}}
[k cH,lxm;Muavonf/
xd k o d k Y B ud K wif j yif q if a eMujcif ; ud k
tjcm;rvdkolawGu ajymMuonf/ ]]oufouf
'ku©&SmaeMuolawG}} wJh/
ajymrnfqdkvnf; ajymp&m? tb,f
aMumifq h akd omf þuRe;f rSm wpfoufv;kH aevm
olawGtaejzihf wpfuRe;f vH;k 'kua© &mufavmuf
atmif eifvm;ç igvm; a&rwufb;l ay/ omref
a&wufjcif;rsdK;uvnf; wjznf;jznf;eJY avsmh
usoGm;awmhonf/
]]wu,hv f al wGumG ? BuBH uzH efzef 'ku©
&SmaevkdufMuav? 'dkY 'DrSm wpfoufvHk;aevm
wm b,fESpfcgBuD;BuD;us,fus,f uRef;ay:udk
a&vQHbl;vdkYvJ? 'ku©u b,faerSef;rodbl;?
BuHzefaMumufaevkdufMuwm? ]]BuHaMumuf vSH
atmuf0if}} qdw k m 'Dvv kd rl sKd ;awGukd ajymwmae
rS m ? awmf a wmf & ,f p &maumif ; wJ h v l a wG y J /
olwpfyg;yg;pyfzsm; vrf;qHk;aewm tHhyg&JU}}
þodkYvQif BudKwifjyifqifrIr&Sdaom
ig;&mtkyfpkESihf BudKwifjyifqifrI&Sdaom ig;&m
tkypf w k Ykd rl0g'uGjJ ym;aeMuayonf/ vlwpfu,
pdwfwpfrsdK;rdkY tawG;tac: t,ltqawGu
trsdK;rsdK; tzHkzHk&SdaeMuonf/
(15) &ufcefYMumaomtcg-
yifv,fa&rsm; wpf[kefxdk;wufvm
avawmhonf/ BuKd wifjyifqifr&I adS om vlig;&m
u toihfjyKvkyfxm;aom avSç azmifwdkYESihf
ab;vGwf&modkY ul;cwfoGm;avawmhonf/
tm;vH;k toufcsr;f om&oGm;avonf/ BuKd wif
jyifqifrI\ &vmbfaywnf;/
BudKwifjyifqifrIr&Sdaom vlig;&m\
b0um; oem;p&m? u,fyg,lyg wpmpmESihf
atmf[pfylaqG; idka<u;aeMuawmhonf/ ajc
rudkifrd vufrudkifrd twd'ku©a&mufMuav
awmhonf/
]]trav; u,fawmfrMl uygOD;? wdw
awG tm;vH;k aoMu&awmhr,f? 'kua© &mufuek f
Yk pf
ESvHk;om; zwfpm
MuNyD; tazwdkYa& tarwdkYa& u,fawmfrlMuyg atmif v H q d k ; ay
tH;k }} Ä 0rf;AdkufqDu
]]a0g a0g a0g}} wvIyfvIyfwdk;acGUaewJh vaphoaE¨om;
a&pD;oHrsm;um; Mumav jyif;xef AdkufBuD;wpfcGJom; vG,fxm;&wJhtar
vmav? yifv,fa&ESifhtwl wpfuRef;vHk; r½I em;em;aeaeqdkwJh pum;
rvS arsmygukefMuonf/ wpfa,mufrusef a&S;a[mif;yHkjyifwpfyk'fvdk oabmxm;
aoaMuysuf p D ; uk e f M uonf / tEÅ & m,f u d k em;&w,fr&Sd? tdrfrIudpö0efawGyd
Bud K wif w G u f r qxm;aomaMumih f ,ck v d k yifyef;wmodvsuf rodwJhtar../
a&ab;tEÅ&m,fESihf awGUBuHK&jcif;jzpfayonf/ Ä ajrpmyHkrSm-
w&m;apmif h a om "r® e wf o m;\ 0rf;pmtwGuf arTaESmuf
vrf;ñTerf uI kd vdu k ef maqmif&u G Mf uaomaMumihf ]a&raq;ausmuf} wJh/
BudKwifjyifqifrI&Sdaomvlig;&mwdkY toufcsrf; Ä ajrpmyHkrSm-
om&m &oGm;Muayonf/ w&m;rapmihfaom 0rf;pmtwGuf a&T0g-a&TjzL &orQ,l
t"r®ewfom;\ pum;udkem;a,mifrdaom em;&ufr,lEdkifwJh &ufpGJawGrsdK rsdKcs
aMumihf bmrSBudKwifjyifqifrI vkyfrxm;aom b0udk tHwk rdom;pk wpf0rf;wpfcg;twGuf
vlig;&mwdkYtm;vHk; toufqHk;½IH;ukefMuonf/ tvkyfoGm;tvkyfjyef tazBuD;pm;zdkY pDrH&
xdkYaMumifh rnfolrqdk pdwfaumif; rMumcPqdkovdk
apwemaumif ; eJ Y vrf ; ñT e f j yEd k i f a om vrf;BufdKvrf;Mum;? aps;BudKaps;Mum;
acgif;aqmifaumif;udk&SmazGNyD; aygif;oif; 'a&maomyg; vrf;ovm;wwfwJh
aexdkifoifhMuayonf/ rnfol rqdk rSefuef qdkifu,f wdkufrIawG
aom vrf ; ñT e f r I u d k cH , l ç pd w f a umif ; tmz*ef-tD&wf ppfajrjyifrS aygufuo JG aH wGvkd
apwemaumif ; ES i f h Bud K ;p m;- BuD ; yG m ; 0ke;f 'dik ;f BuJ qlnv
;pm;- H eG ;f wJh axmfvm*st
D EÅ&m,fawG
wdk;wufrnfrSm rvGJygwnf;/ tarawG;NyD; pdwfrcs
,l & rnh f o if c ef ; pm wpfzufu om;udkqGJ
rnfonhaf e&mrqdk q&maumif;&Sm& wpfzufu orD;udkqGJ
rnf/ q&m\pum;udk wpfaoGrwdrf; vkdufem ausmif;0if;xJta&muf BudKydkYtvkyfu edpö"l0
&rnf/ b0twGuf BudKwifjyifqifrI&Sd&rnf/ b,frSmrS oufomrIr&wJhtar..
aemifwç uif;oljzpfatmif BudK;pm;&rnf/ wpfcgwav? ntdyfnae tazBuD;udk jyKpk
&wmu &Sdao;/
usrf ; ñG e f ; ÄtarqdkwJh rdcifb0cH,lNyD;rS-
'G g 'oed y gwf tazqdkwJh zcifb0cH,lNyD;rS
kd f ork ' ´ 0 gPd Z mwf nDrQwJhESvHk;om;zwfpm armfuGef;wifcHvSaezdkY
ta&;BuD;w,f/ /
t&S i f o D v mpm& (zm;uef Y ) atmif v H q d k ; ay
 BIOGRAPHY OF THE PIOUS AND NOBLE-MONK
"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/
aAm"d&dyfNidrfawm& q&mawmf\ olYb0? olY"r®ESifh olYusihfpOf
The part life of Bodi Yeik Ngyein Tawya Sayadaw
a':wif w if a tmif ( vS n f ; wef ; )
arSmfbDNrdKUrS 0g;eufacsmif;BuD;aus;&Gm twGif;odkY (3)rdkifcefY
0ifrdaomtcg vrf;\ nm buftjcrf;ü aAm"d&dyfNidrf(awm&)[laom
qdkif;bkwfudk a&Ta&mifw0if;0if;jzihf ta0;rSyif vSrf;jrifvdkuf&ygonf/
qdkif;bkwf&Sd&mbuf ausmufcif;vrf; twGif;odkY wpfrdkifcefY
0ifrad omtcg aAm"d&yd f Nird \ f rkcOf ;D t0udk vSr;f jrifvu kd &f onf/ ausmif;
udk wpfcgrQra&mufzl;oltzdkY ausmif;odkY a&muf NyD[k xifcJhrdayonf/
rkcfOD;rSaeí uka#uk#m qGrf;pm;aqmiftxda&mufrSyif ausmif;\
tus,frSm (38){u&SdaMumif;od&onf/ rkcfOD; rS qGrf;pm;aqmifoGm;&m
ausmufcif;vrf; wpfavQmuf bkef;BuD;(2)yg; (odkY) (3)yg;aexdkif &ef
tkwfwdkufausmif;uav;rsm;rSm aooyfvSy í aecsifhp&myifjzpfonf/
q&mawmfoDwif;oHk;&m odrfausmif; tygt0if ausmif;ajr
tm;vH;k udk vSLolrmS tvSL &Siw f pfO;D wnf;jzpfaMumif;od&&dS ygonf/ tvSL
&Sirf mS prf;acsmif;? rydv k rf;wGiaf exdik o f l ausmif;'umrBu;D a':cifvw S if
jzpfonf/ q&mawmf\ odrfrSqif;aomvrf;rS t&d,m"r®&dyfNidrf("r®m½Hk)
odYk oGm;aom t&d,mqdyOf ;D ESifh t&d,mvrf;Bu;D rSm t&d,mjzpfcsio f rl sm;
þvrf ; rS v mavmh [ k vuf , uf a c:aeoa,mif &S d \ / "r® m ½H k \
taemufbufruswuswGif (uk#m*g&)ausmif;BuD;rSmvnf; BuD;rm;
0ihfxnf pGm rm;rm;BuD;&yfwnfaeygonf/ xdkausmif;awmfBuD;ESihf
rsufESmcsif;qdkifa&SUbuf cyfususwGif aooyfvSyaom ausmif;aqmif
(2)aqmif wnf&Sdygonf/
qGrf;pm;aqmif\aemufbuf uyfvsufwGif aAm"d*kPfa0
ausmif ; awmf B uD ; rS m vnf ; BuD ; rm;cef Y x nf v G e f ; um jrwf p G m bk & m;
vufxufrS ausmif;'umBuD;rsm;jzpfMuaom 0domcgESihf temxydPf
olaX;wdkY\ ausmif; awmfBuD;rsm;udk owd&ap\/ ausmif;odkY a&muf
&Sdvmoltm;vHk;wdkYrSm awmBuD;rsufrnf;xJü bGm;ueJawGUvdkuf&aom
ausmif ; taqmuf t OD E S i h f ajrtus,f t 0ef ; ud k M unh f í ausmif ;
'umrBuD;a':cifvSwiftygt0if tvSL&Sif tm;vHk;wdkY\ o'¨gudk om"k
rac:bJ raeEkdifMu ay/
qGrf;pm;aqmifbufrS odrfodkYoGm;&m pBuøvrf;b,fbufwGif
&Sdaom uefrSwdkufcwf vmaom avEkat;av;u olawmfaumif;rsm;
aexdik &f mt&yfonfum; ud, k ?f pdw?f ESv;kH oH;k yg;vH;k Nird ;f at;apygvm;[k
odrfodkYoGm;ol tm;vHk;wdkYtm; owday;aeoa,mif/ odrfodkY 0if&m
NcHpnf;½dk;t0udk vSrf;Munhfygu odrfESihf rvSrf;ruif;wGif yefxl;om
(ouF e f ; wd k u f ) rS vS L 'gef ; xm;aom yef x l ; omausmuf * l u d k v nf ;
awGUjrifEkdifonf/ þausmuf*lrSm ES,fES,f&& r[kwfay/ ausmuf*l\
ausmufwdkifxlaomaeYwGif em*pfrkefwdkif;wdkufaomaeY jzpf aom
aMumihjf zpfygonf/ þrvJNyKd aomausmufwikd rf sm;onfum; q&mawmf\
oDv*kPf? orm"d*kPf? ynm*kPfwdkYudk jyqdkaom jy,k*f rsm;jzpfaMumif;
rvGaJ y/
aAm"d&yd Nf ird af usmif;\ t"duxl;jcm; csurf mS q&mawmfow D if;
oHk;&m odrf? "r®m½Hk ESihf wuG? ausmif;0if;twGif;ü&Sdaom ausmif;
aqmifrsm;wGif&Sdaom bk&m;&Sif\ qif;wkawmf rsm;rSm NyHK;awmfrlaejcif;
yifjzpfonf/ þodkYvSy aooyfaom ausmif;rsm;? Bu;D rm;us,0f ef;aom
11
It is three miles from Mhawbi into wanetchaung village
where you can see the golden signboard which is Bodi Yeik Ngyein
Tawya from the left of the pavement.
After that, you must go into the stony road a bout one
mile, you will see the arach-way of the Bodi Yeik Ngyein Tawya
monastery. If you have never been this place, you will think, you
have already got into the monastery. Only when you arrive
Kahtakata refectory, you will know how many acres it is. It is
round about thirty-eight acres.
It is Lay devotee of Daw Khin Hla Tin who donated not
only monastery compound but also consecration. Now she lives
at Ma Po Street in Sanchaung. There is a straight street called
Ariya street to go to Ariya Dhama Yeik Ngyein congregation as if
it welcomes to everybody who want to be a Ariya person.
(Kuhtagara)
There is a great building behind the congregation. Op-
posite of this building there are five buildings which are neat and
tidy. Behind the Kahatakata refectory, there are Bodhi Gone wai
building which is splendist and inpressed. It makes us to remem-
ber the lay devotee of visakha and Anathapindika in Buddha
Time.
All the people coming to the monastery are amazing
when they see the large compound and great building. Moreover
they can not help appriciating with the words of 'weldone' (sa-du).
We can get the breeze from the Lake when we go to the
consecration. So we get peace and tranquality because of breeze.
We can say that it is a peaceful and quiet place where the ascatics
live.
We can behold Pan Htu Tha Cave in the ordaination
compound. It is very stranger to see it because it was the day
that the stony pillars were founded when the Nargits storm blew.
Yet it could not blow them to fall dawn on the ground. It is sure
that it is the proof of Sayadaw's sila (Morality or Precept), Sama-di
(Concentration) and Pyinyar (wisdon).
Beside it is strangely enough that all the Buddha im-
ages in the monastery have smiling faces. Though there are a lot
of great buildings and straight streets in the monastery com-
pound, he refused these donation for three years. Later he re-
ceived them in order to get benefits for his lay people.
When we reached the ordination, we paid homage to
the sayadaw smiling, we realized why the images of Buddha are
smiling. Then the rest of grief from the lay people disappeared
under the sdayadaw's smiling and peaceful face.
On hearing the soft voice of Sayadaw, we admire him
more than before. To the venerable monk practising meditation,
not only the face but also the voice are so soft that an every
people can forget his grief tomporarily.
Sayadaw was born at 8 pm on Sunday, December in
1963, at Ingayan Group in Maohue village in Hinthata, Ayawady
 BIOGRAPHY OF THE PIOUS AND NOBLE-MONK
12 "r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/
ausmif;awmfBuD;rsm;? ajzmihfjzL;aomvrf;rsm; vSL'gef;xm;onfudk
jrif & aomf v nf ; q&mawmf onf xd k t vS L rsm;ud k (3)ES p f w d w d
tvSL'gerIudk jiif;y,fxm;aMumif; od&avonf/ aemufydkif; rSomvQif
tvSL&Sifrsm;\ o'¨gudk csD;ajr§mufvdk aom qE´jzihfvufcHjcif;jzpfonf/
odrfodkYa&mufygNyD/ q&mawmf\ NyHK; aeaom rsufESmawmfudk
zl;awGUvdkuf&aom tcg ausmif;0if;twGif;&Sd bk&m;rsm;\ rsufESm
awmfrSm NyHK;aeonfht"dyÜg,fudk em;vnfoGm; avonf/ q&mawmfudk
vma&mufzl;arQmfol 'um? 'umrrsm;\ vufusefaomursm;vnf;
q&mawmf \ at;csrf ; aomtNyH K ;atmuf w G i f vG i h f p Of o G m ;\/
u½k P moH y gaom q&mawmf \ pum;oH u d k M um;&aomtcg
q&mawmfudk wdk;íyifMunfnKd ryd gonf/ olawmfaumif;w&m; rsm;udk
tywfwukwfusihfBuHtm;xkwfol t&Sif jrwfrsm;tzdkY rsufESmawmfESihf
wuG? toHyg? El;nHh aysmhajymif;vGef;&um; udavomtylBuD;yg aom
zl;arQmof yl x
k Zk Ofrsm;tzdYk zl;wke;f cP w'*FNird ;f at;rIawmh&Muonfom/
q&mawmfudk 1325 ckESpf ewfawmf vjynhfausmf 8 &uf 8-
12-1963 we*FaEGaeY n 8 em&DwGif {&m0wDwdkif; [oFwNrdKUe,f?
t*Fg&rf;tkyfpk? rtlukef;aus;&Gmü crnf;awmf OD;[efodef;? r,fawmf
a':oef;wdkYrS zGm;jrifcJhyg onf/ arG;csif;(6)a,mufteuf 'kwd,ajrmuf
jzpfygonf/
1336 ckESpf wefcl;vjynhfausmf(1) &uf Ak'¨[l;aeYwGif
[oFwNrdKUe,f vdyfacsmif;&Gm &GmOD;ausmif;q&mawmf b'´EÅa&0wudk
OyZÑm,fjyKí crnf;awmf r,fawmfESihf tzdk; tzGmwdkY ypö,mEk*¾[jzihf
yxrtBudrf &Sifom raPb0odkYa&muf&SdcJhonf/
1345 ck E S p f wef c l ; vjynh f a usmf ( 6) &uf t*F g aeY w G i f
[oFmwNrKd Ue,f? v,fwu D iG ;f aus;&Gmtkypf k tif;raus;&Gm uRe;f OD;ausmif;
q&mawmf b'´ E Å " r® o mrd u d k OyZÑm,f j yKí 'k w d , tBud r f a jrmuf
&Siof mraPb0odaYk &muf&cdS o hJ nf/ bGUJ trnfrmS &Si£ f E´mp&d,jzpfonf/
&[ef ; b0a&muf & S d y H k
q&mawmf&[ef;b0a&muf&Sdatmif BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrSm
trsm;ESirfh wl wrlx;l jcm;qef;jym;ygonf/ q&mawmfred MYf um;aom pum;
rsm;t& q&mawmf r S m ouf a wmf ( 9)ES p f u wnf ; u tmemyge
ur®|mef;tm;xkwfcJhonf[kqdkygonf/ taMumif;rSm q&mawmf\
oufawmf (5)ESpfom;wGif r,fawmf\zcif tzdk;(OD;pdefjr) aoqHk;jcif;rS
pwifcJhygonf/ vlaowmESihf ywfoufí pnfum;aom bkef;BuD;ysH
wpfckom BuHKcJhzl;aom q&mawmfrSm aoqHk;aeaom tzdk;udkMunhfí
aoaewmvm; tdyfaewmvm; a0cGJr&jzpf&ygonf/ tarESihfwuG
tarbuf rS aqGrsKd;wpfpk idkyGJqifonfudk MunhfíawG;p &mar;p&mrsm;
jzpfMu&ygonf/
q&mawmfonf ]aojcif;w&m;} taMumif;udk rdbrsm;udak r;yg
awmhonf/ aoqHk;oGm;olonf rdbaqGrsKd;rsm;qD b,fawmhrSjyefvmvdkY
r&aMumif;ESifh aool\ ½kyu f vmyfonf ykyyf yG supf ;D oGm;aMumif; vlwikd ;f
waeY a o&rnf j zpf a Mumif ; od c J h & ygawmh o nf / b0tquf q uf r S
aemufcyH g&rDrsm; &iho f ef vmol q&mawmfrmS rdrv d nf;wpfaeY rkcsraoG
ao&rnf[laom tawG;rsm;jzihf aMumuf&GHUxdwfvefYpdwfrsm; jzpfay:
vmygonf/ aoNyD;vQif b,fa&mufoGm;oenf;[laom ar;cGef;rsm;jzpf
ay:vmcJhygonf/
Ä raumif;wmvkyfwJholawGu tyg,fav;yg; i&JoGm;&onf/
Ä aumif;wmvkyfwJholawGu vlewfcsrf;omwJh ae&moGm;&onf/
Ä w&m;tm;xkwfwJholawGu edAÁmefcsrf;om a&mufMuonf/ rdbrsm;
ajzaomtcg ]i&J} qkd wmbmvJ[laom ar;cGef;u aemufqufwGJ
ar;cGef;tjzpf q&mawmftwGuaf y:vmygonf/
Division. His parents are U Han Thein and Daw Than. He is
second out of six.
He was novitiated (Shinpyu) on Wednesday, April in
1974 by Kwin Oo Kyaung Sayadaw, the title of Badhanta Yawata
and by the help of his grandpha, grandma and his parents for the
first time.
He was novitated for the second time on Tues-day, May
in 1983 Kwin Oo Kyaung Sayadaw, the title of Bodhanta
Dhamathami at Innma village, Ledikwin Group, in Hinthata.
Ordination of Sayadaw
He found it difficult to be ordined According to his con-
versation he practised breath in and breath out (Anapana) when
he was at the age of 9. It so happenend that his grandfather (U
Sein Mya) passed a way when he was five years old. He con
used whether he died (or) slept as he had only seen the funeral of
a monk in the village.
On hearing his mother and her relative crying, there
were a lot of question about the death for him. He relaized that
the dead body had been decayed and could not came back to his
(or) her home and man is mortal.
According to the perfection of his past life, he under-
stood the whole world will have to die including his parents and
his relatives. So he got frightten and asked the questions to his
parents that if a person die, where will he go.
They answered, as follow;
- Good deeds is good result and
- Bad deeds is bad result
- If a person who does meritorious deeds, he may go to higher
place as a celestial or as a human being in comfortable life.
- If a person who does bad deeds, he may go in to lower lives as
animals or as inmates of hell
- If a person who meditates, he may attain the Nibbana (cessation
of suffering)
Moreover he put another question what the hell was.
On hearing how the inmates suffer form the hell, he got frightten
more and more. He asked his parents what the bad deeds were
and what the Nibbana are.
They told them that the bad deeds were retalking to the
parents (disobidence) and not keeping five precepts the Nibbana
was that it was immortal, could not be old and suffer from pain.
So he had learnt that he had to practise Anapana (breath
in and breath out) his grandfather taught him. To an everyage
person, no matter how he see the death of other he feels nothing.
Yet as for Sayadaw, he thaught that he had to depart his beloved
parents, and relatives, all the people in the villate, in the city, in
the nation and the whole world have to die in some day. On the
other hand, he realized the theory of zero. Thus he becomes a
venerable monk.
According to his determination, whatever he did, he
had mindfullness. So it was very strange for other person who
did not know about him. As a young boy, he wanted to control
his mind. He went to the cemetary ground in order to meditate. U
Soe Thein his uncle, took care of him wherever he went to medi-
tate.
Oneday, as he was in the tree, he saw a dog running
under that tree. Suddenly he had an idea to call the dog to turn
back toward him with his will power. It was unusual that the dog
turned back and came toward him and it behaved him as though
 BIOGRAPHY OF THE PIOUS AND NOBLE-MONK
"r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/
i&JqdkonfrSm raumif;wmvkyfol awGcHpm;&aom ae&m
qdkwmESihf i&JcHpm;&yHk awGudk Mum;&aomtcg ydkíyif aMumuf&GHUvm
ygawmhonf/
]raumi;fwmqdkwmbmvJ} ar;aom tcg vlBuD;rdbrsm;udk
jyefajymjcif;ESihf (5)yg; oDvrapmifhxdef;jcif;taMumif;od&aomtcg
q&mawmfavmif;vsmrSm 'grsKd;aemufxyf b,fawmhrS rvkyfawmhbl;[k
oHEdé|mefcs vdkufygonf/
]edAmÁ efcsr;f omqdw
k mbmvJ} [kar; aomtcg edAmÁ efcsr;f omu
at;csrf;w,f? b,fawmhrS rtdk rao rembl;? tNrJNidrf;csrf; aewm
jzpfw,f} [kajymygonf/
xdkYaMumihf q&mawmfrSm uG,fvGefol tzdk;oifay;cJhaom
tmemygeur®|mef;udk tajccHíw&m;tm;xkwf&rnfqdkaom todrSm
oHrdIESufovdk &ifxJwGifpGJNidoGm;ygawmhonf/
omrmefvlwpfa,muftzdkY aojcif;w&m;udk tBudrfBudrfawGU
ygaomfvnf; xl;jcm;rI r&Sdaomfjim;vnf; yg&rD&Sifjzpfolq&mawmf
rSm þodkYawG;awmcJhonf/ waeYusvQifawmh cspfvSygcsnf&JUqdkaom
rdb? nDtudk armifESr awG wpf&GmvHk;? wpfe,fvHk;? wpfEkdifiHvHk;?
wpfurÇmvHk;ao&rnf/ ypönf;rdb ponfawG udk pGefYcGmNyD; oGm;&rnfrSm
aocsmayonf/ aemufqHk;awmh oknygvm;[laomtawG; okn
oDt&dk u D kd i,fpOfuav;b0wnf;rS odcjhJ cif; onf &[ef;b0odYk a&muf&dS
w&m;tm;xkwf jcif;\ t"dutaMumif;&if;yifjzpfygonf/
t"d|mefxm;onfhtwdkif;yif q&m awmfavmif;vsmonf
aexdkif? vkyfudkif? pm;aomufrIrSef orQudk owdrvGwfatmif trSwfjzihf
aeygawmh onf/ vrf;oGm;vQif rnfolYudkrQ EIwfrqufbJ trSwfjzihf
oG m ;aeol q &mawmf a vmif ; vsmrS m taMumif ; rod o l r sm;twG u f
xl;qef;íaecJhawmhonf/
q&mawmfavmif;vsmrSm i,fpOfumvuyif pdwfudk tpdk;&
vdo k w
l pfa,mufjzpfcsicf yhJ gonf/ vl0wfEiS yfh if nzufü okomefrsm;wGif
w&m; tm;xkwf&m r,fawmfzufrS awmfpyfol OD;av; OD;pdk;odef;rS
vdkufygapmihfa&SmufcJhygonf/ wpf&ufwGif opfyifay:odkYwufaepOf
opfyif &if;odkY acG;wpfaumifa&mufvmcJh\/ xdkacG;xGuf ajy;oGm;aom
tcg oG m ;aeaom acG ; ud k pd w f p G r f ; tif j zih f o pf y if & if ; od k Y a c:&m
aemufodkYjyefvSnhf vmí q&mawmfavmif;vsmtm; ol\ocifuJhodkY
,Ofyg; pGmjyKrlcJhonf/ tvkyfwpfcktcdkif;cH&vQif wdwd ususvkyfí
tcsed t f wdtusjyefvmonf/ tjcm;uav;rsm;uJo h Ydk aqmhupm;jcif;rjyK/
i,f p Of u yif nbuf ü td r f w G i f & S d o rQ w&m;pmrsm;ud k
atmfízwf&m tdrfeD;em;csif; wpfodkufrSm xdkpOfuwnf;uyif w&m;em
y&d owfjzpfrSef;rodjzpfaeMuavonf/ nbuf w&m;pmzwf&ef
vdt k yfaom rD;pmtwGuf qDr;D zd;k udk 0dik ;f ívSLMuavonf/ &[ef;r0wfrD
umvtxd rdbrsm;\ v,f,mudkif;uRef;tvkyfudk 0dkif;0ef;vkyfudkif
cJah omfvnf; tm;onfEiS yfh if tmemyge½Irw S Nf rjJ zpfygonf/ wpf&ufwiG f
q&mawmfavmif;vsmudk ,mcif;apmihcf idk ;f &m nOhef ufaomtcg vltcsKd U
rS m toD ; tES H r sm;ud k vma&muf cd k ; ,l a vonf / q&mawmf r S m
xdktaMumif;udk odaomfvnf; olcdk;[k atmf[pfjcif;rjyK vma&muf
,liifolrsm; vGwfavmufNyDxifawmhrSyif oD;ESHrsm;,loGm;onf[k
today;avonf/ odaYk omf b,fol b,f0g,lonf[k rajymay/ xdrk Qxd
cEÅDyg&rDBuD;jrihfavonf/
wpfaeYvnfcif;ü ,mcif;xJwGif vSrf;xm;aom q&mawmf\
tjzLuGuf ykq;kd topfav;rSm NcKH ay:wGif vSr;f xm;&mrS aysmufcsi;f rvS
aysmuf o G m ;avonf / aysmuf o G m ;aomyk q d k ; twG u f q&mawmf
avmif;vsm rSm enf;enf;av;rS aomu? Asmyg' rjzpfay:cJhyg/ olonf
13
he were it's owner.
When his parents sometimes asked him to do some-
thing, he did it systamacically and came back to his house intime.
He recited the parli texts at night and all the neighbours became
his audience spontaneously. Moreover they donated him in- cash
for the light.
Before he ordanied, he helped his parents in the farm
dutifully but he usually practised Anapana. One evening, he was
asked to keep the crops in the farm at night. In the middle of the
night, some people came to the farm and stole some crops, In
spite of knowing about it, he said nothing to those people and to
his parents about it. He never told his parents who they were. In
this way, he fullfilled the perfection of patient.
One afternoon, his new Longyi, white patten was dis-
appeared but he felt nothing for it. It appeared to him that it was
time to be ordained as amonk. He waited for privilege (special
chance) to leave his house accompanyed with his cousin, Mg
Myint Thaung at 1:00 pm, on Tuesday, 6th April, in 1983.
He jumped dawn through the enshrine window to the
ground because he thought it was sublime thing to leame the
house to be ordained. He paid homage his parents from outside
and left the Letter under the mat. He composed following.
Since he was born as human being, he was searching
for the meaning of the live, but did not find Noble Truth. All the
people have been absorbed in trouble. They all being are grossly
overwhelmed by greed, anger and ignorance but they are happy
as the mads.
On arriving to the southeast of his village, he paid re-
spect the people who were older than him. Now there are two
pagodas, Sinyengyein and Bodhi Man Aung built by his lay
people. At that moment, he was worried that his parents, might
follow him and took him to his village by force because they
loved him so much and took care of all their children. It is only
nine miles from the monastery he stayed to his village As soon as
he robed the yellow-robe, he got peace and tranquality.
First of all, he was novitiated by Innma Sayadaw U
Dhamathami in Hinthata. Then he was ordained by Ngaung Wine
Sayadaw Bhadanta Ngyanatedabiwintha and the help of his par-
ents. According to Kamma of his past life, he started learning not
only pali Taxts but also Myanmar Passage systematically when
he was tuenty-three years old after being admitted into the order
of Sanga.
From that time on, he made an all out effort to learn
Buddhist scripture, so he passed all the examination with high
marks. Finally he passed Dhamasaria Kyancswe. He attended
the school of Lapeehaung village, Ngyaung Wine monastery in
Hinthata, Maohukone monastery in Maohukone village,
Yatanavateman monastery in Hinthata, Pyinsanicaya
Sasanavateman monastery in Yankin.
Though he tried hard to pass the Pariy atti literature
with high marks, he was in no moved to continue to learn be-
cause he believed in that practising is more important than know-
ing.
Later, he went to the meditation centre, he had learnt
and practised the way of Mahasi vipasana, the way of Moecoat
vipasana, the way of Phaout Tawya Vipasana and the way of
Dhamaduta vipasana to teach other.
Behalf of teacher, practising, putting question and be-
 BIOGRAPHY OF THE PIOUS AND NOBLE-MONK
14 "r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/
vl0wfeJYae&ef rwefawmh[k xifjrif,lqcJhygonf/ tcGihfta&;&vQif
awmh &[ef;0wfawmh rnf[k tm;cJxm;ygonf/ xdkr[mtcGihf ta&;
udk usm;acsmif;ovdk acsmif;aeaom q&mawmf avmif;vsmrSm 1345
ckESpfwefcl;vjynhfausmf (6)&uf t*FgaeY n(1)em&DcefYwGif nD0rf;uGJ
awmfpyfol armifjrihfaomif;udk tazmfjyKvsuf tdrfa&SUbk&m;cef;jywif;
aygufrS atmiftwdwf ,lum ckefqif;cJh\/ aumif;onfhudpövkyfjcif;
jzpfí edrfh&mrS rqif;cJhjcif;jzpf[efwlonf/ tdrfwGif;&Sd rdbESpfyg;tm;
vnf; tjyifrSaeí uefawmhcJhonf/ a&;pyfxm;onfh uefawmh
yef;qifonfh vuFmuAsmav;udv k nf; tdraf y: rS rqif;rD zsmatmufwiG f
xm;&pfcJhonf/ xdkuAsmav;rSm ]vlYb0&onfqdkwJh tcsdef uwnf;u
aocsmpG m tES p f & S m Munh f a wmh opö m u b,f r jrif v,f u G i f ; jyif
xD ; xD ; oD c sif ; nnf ; nnf ; eJ Y avmif r D ; 'k u © ? [k w f v S w u,f x if
tyg,f w G i f v nf ; tpOf t NrJ txif v G J u m? tES p f o m&? &S m rS
r&S m Mu? wPS m u wigig? rme upd w f r S m jzm? t0d Z Æ m u
ydwfaewm? todyg vrf;qHk;&Smawmh? udavomzHk;vTrf;? rsufuef;
yrm? a&muf a v&mol a ysmf j rL;? ol t ½l ; wd k Y E S i h f wl aewm}
&G m \ ta&S U awmif b uf a &muf a omtcg q&mawmf
avmif;vsmonf rdrdxuf wpfrdepf wpfpuúefY wpf&ufponf BuD;aom
yk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; uefawmh cJhonf/ ,cktcg xdkae&mü qif;&JNidrf; apwD
awmfEiS fh aAm"drmefatmif apwDawmfEpS q f t l m; q&mawmfavmif;vsmrS
wnfxm;NyD;jzpfonf/ q&m awmftygt0if armifESr (6)a,muftm;
MuufrBu;D rS Muufom;aygufuav;rsm; 0wfovdk pnf;urf;wif;usypf mG
tk y f c sKyf x m;aom rd b rsm;\ pd w f " mwf u d k o d a om q&mawmf
avmif;vsmrSm qHrcsrcsi;f pdwrf at; Ekid yf g/ qHcs &[ef;0wfrnfah e&mESifh
&GmrSm (9)rdkifcefYom a0;í &[ef;r0wfrD rdbrsm;aemufrSvdkufvmí
twif; tusyfjyefac:rnfudkvnf; pdwfylav onf/ udk,fay:odkY
ouFe;f ½Hv k ukd rf yS if pdwNf ird ;f csr;f rItppftrSe&f cJah Mumif; rdeaYf wmfryl gonf/
1345 ckESpf uqkefvjynhf? Mumoyaw;aeYwGif [oFmw
NrKd Ue,f? rtluek ;f aus;&Gm a&odrüf vdyaf csmif;aus;&Gm anmif0ikd ;f ausmif;
q&mawmf b'´ E Å Ó Pd E ´ m bd 0 H o ud k OyZÑm,f j yKí crnf ; awmf
r,fawmfwdkY\ ypö,mEk*¾[jzihf &[ef;b0a&muf&SdcJhygonf/
twd w f r S rjrif E k d i f a om taMumif ; w&m;rsm;aMumih f
q&mawmfavsmif;vsmrSm touf(19)ESpf wGif &[ef;jyKí (23)ESprf mS yif
pmoif&av onf/ taMumif;rSm om;orD;rsm;tay: tvGef cspfaom
rdbrsm;rSm q&mawmftm; &Gmausmif;üyif pmzwf? pma&;wwf½Hkoif
apNyD; tdrfüyif zwfrSwfaponf/ &GmESihfausmif;tvSrf;a0;aom twef;
ausmif;wGif pdwrf csojzihf ausmif;wufciG rfh &ay/ q&mawmfu, kd üf uyif
tusihfw&m;bufü tm;oefum? pmoifygu tusihfpcef; vSrf;zdkY
tcsdefenf;rSmpdk;ojzihf pmoifzdkYudk jiif; qdkcJhonf/ aemufydkif;rSyif
wu,fusihfBuHtm; xkwfygu w&m;tusihf vrf;aMumif; rSefrrSef odzdkY
pmwwf & ef v d k t yf a Mumif ; vuf a wG U od r S y if p moif & ef vuf c H c J h
ygavonf/ pmayoifMum;cJhavonf/
pmayoif c J h a omausmif ; rsm;
toufBu;D rS pmayoifMum;&jcif;jzpfojzihf tjcm;pmoifom;
rsm;xuf 0D&d, ydkrdkpdkufxkwfBudK;pm;cJhonf/ q&mawmf pmayoif
Mum;cJhaom ausmi;frsm;rSm {&m0wDwdkif;? [oFmwNrdKUe,f vdyfacsmif;
aus;&Gm anmif0dkif;ausmif; [oFmwNrdKUe,f rtlukef;aus;&Gm rtlukef;
ausmif;wdkYtjyif [oFmwNrdKU? &wemAdrmefpmoifwdkuf? &efukefNrdKU
&efuif;NrdKUe,f yÍöedum,omoemhAdrmefpmifwdkufwdkYjzpfygonf/
ing obedient are the way of ledi Vipasana, the way of Waibu
Vipasana and the way of Maha Bodhi Mying Vipasana.
Writing
He started his writing with the story of 'the alms-food
that mother offered' and 'The power of meditation'. He has writ-
ten many books that are nearly thirty with the name of 'Buddho
Vassa" (the eldest son of Buddha)"
The monasterries that he lived
As a young student monk, he lived at Sasanavateman
monastery in Hinthata, Pinsanikaya in Yankin, at the Yahanda
Ordination (thane) in Sadamotaya Gyhtout monastery in Sanlyin,
at the Yetho village in Fugi, Laklopetaung Tawya monastory Pyin
mana and now he has lived in Bodhi Yeik Ngyein in Hmawbi.
Meditation Centre and Preaching
He held the special meditation courses at Bodhi Yeik
Ngyine during the water festival every year and in Pyinmana. He
preaches the Buddha teaching for Dhama students to attain the
nibbana cessation of suffering.)
Admittion
By the time I write the article of Sayadaw's brief biogra-
phy, I take reference from the book he wrote, the conversation of
his relative and the conversation of his lay people. So if some
thing is wrong, it would be concern with me.
q&mawmf atmif j rif c J h a om pmar;yG J r sm;
Ekid if aH wmftpd;k &ygVdyxrjyefpmar;yGJ rlvwef;? yxri,fwef;?
yxrvwfwef;? yxrBu;D wef; ESifh "r®mp&d,pmar;yGJ usr;f pGaJ tmifjrifcyhJ g
onf/ xdkYtjyif omoemjyKtzGJUtpnf;rsm;u oD;jcm;usif;yonfh
pmar;yGJrsm;teuf [oFmwNrdKU e,fvHk;qdkif&m y&d,wdå omoemhEk*¾[
pmar;yGJ ü yxri,f? yxrvwf? yxrBuD;wef;? OuúH NrdKUe,fvHk;qdkif&m
a&Tusief u d m,0de,m"du y&d,wdpå mar;yGüJ ? yxrtqih?f 'kw, d tqih?f
wwd,tqih?f pwkwt ¬ qih?f yÍörtqihf twef;rsm;ESifh "r®mp&d,usr;f pGJ
atmifjrifonfh txd atmifjrifcJhygonf/
y&d,wdåpmayrsm;udk aygufa&mufpGmoifMum;ae&ygaomf
vnf; q&mawmfrSm "m;rdk;cHNyD; pmoifae&ouJhodkYjzpfaeygonf/
taMumif;rSm y&d,wdåxufpmvQif y#dywdåudk ydkítm;oefaeygonf/
0dZÆmp&PorÜaEém- todomru? tusihfygvdkonf[kpGJNrJpGm,HkMunf
aomaMumihfjzpfygonf/
"r®mp&d,usrf;pGJatmifNyD;aom q&mawmfrSm w&m;pcef;
rsm;odkY oGm;í Ak'¨enf;us q&menf;&atmif oif,ltm;xkwf cJh&m
r[mpnf 0d y óemusih f p Of r sm; rd k ; uk w f 0 d y óemusih f p Of r sm;?
zm;atmufawm&? 0dyóemusihfpOfrsm; "r®'lw0dyóemusihfpOf rsm;udk
edosnf;,lí usihfBuHtm;xkwfcJhygonf/
q&mudk,fpm;usrf;pmxm;í tm;xkwfjcif;? aqG;aEG;ar;
avsmufjcif;? Mo0g' cH,ljcif;rsm;jzihf tm;xkwfcJhaomenf;rsm;rSm
v,fwDq&mawmf0dyóem? a0blq&mawmf 0dyóem? r[maAm"dNrdKif
q&mawmf\ 0dyóemwdkYjzpfygonf/
pmaya&;om;jcif ;
1358 ckESpfrSpí ]½IrSwfpGrf;tm; jrwfw&m;} ]taruyfwJh
qGrf;wpfeyf} ponfjzihf Aka'¨g&ouavmiftrnfjzihf pmtkyfrsm;a&;
om;xkwaf 0cJ&h m ,cktcg pmtkyaf ygif;(30)eD; yg;xkwaf 0Ny;D jzpfygonf/
,cktcg "r®0D& *sme,fwGifvnf; q&mawmf\ aqmif;yg;rSm tywfpOf
eD;yg;ygcJhygonf/
pmrsuf E S m 16 ok d Y
 PODIUM DHAMMA
"r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ 15

'd|d0dok'd¨ÓPftjrifoefí bm0emÓPfayguf "r®w&m;

Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ;

(,ciftywfrStquf) jynhpf wkH o

hJ [l m azmfjycJNh y;D wJah v;yg;aom ½kyw f rYkd mS tm;Bu;D aom ukov kd f
ur®Z½kyfuvmyf? pdwåZ½kyfuvmyf? OwkZ½kyfuvmyf? tm[m uHupDrHvmonfjzpftHh? uHaMumihfjzpfwJh ur®½kyfuvmyfwdkYrSm tpdkiftcJ
&Z½kyfuvmyf? þ½kyfav;rsKd;wdkY aygif;pkwnfaom udk,faumifBuD;rSm jzpfMuwJh "mwfav;yg;wdkYudk rSDNyD;jzpfMuwJh 0PÖ"mwfvdkYqdkwJh tqif;½lyg
cufrmrItrsK;d rsK;d ? El;nHrh t I rsK;d rsK;d wd[ Yk m y&rw¬jzpfwhJ yx0D"mwftppfyif ½HkwdkY[m tvGefwihfw,fvSyMuw,f/ vHk;&yfoP²eftqif;½lyumwdkYeJY
jzpfygw,f/ tvm;wl ,dkpD;rI? zGJUwG,fap;uyfrIwdkY[mvJ y&rw¬jzpfwJh jynhfpHkwJhtwGuf? Oy"dorÜwdåESifhjynhfpHkw,fvdkY qdkygw,f/
tmayg"mwftppfwyYkd jJ zpfw,f/ ylavmifr?I aEG;rI? at;rI? csr;f rIw[ Ykd mvJ tm;eJ w J h u k o d k v f u H a Mumif h tqif ; rvS j zpf M u&
y&rw¬jzpfwJhawaZm"mwftppfjzpfygw,f/ vIyf&Sm;rI? yG&GrI? azmif;yGrI? tm;enf;wJh ukov dk u f pH rD v
H Ykd jzpf&wJh ur®Z½kyu f vmyfrmS wnf
wd;k a0SUrI? awmihw f if;? oefjrefrw I q Ykd w kd m[mvJ y&rw¬jzpfwhJ 0ga,m"mwf wJh 0PÖ"mwf ½lyg½HkwdkY[m pDrHwJh uHtm;avsmfpGmomjzpf&wJhtwGuf
tppfawGomyJjzpfygw,f/ tqif;oP²mefOy"deJY rjynhfpHkMuvdkY qdkygw,f/
cE¨ m ud k , f w pf c k v H k ; "mwf a v;yg;tpk o mjzpf pd w f a Mumih f j zpf & wJ h ½k y f r S m vJ y J
cE¨mud, k w f pfu, kd v f ;kH rSm twH;k tcJjzpfNy;D wnfwhJ orl[ynwf pdwfaMumihfjzpfwJh ½kyfawGrSmvJyJ toHk;taqmif? a&T? aiG
pkwdkY[mvJ tJ'D½kyfav;rsKd;wdkYrSmjzpfwJh? "mwfav;yg;wdkY&JU tpkwdkYomjzpf b@mpwJh abm*orÜwdåwdkYeJY jynhfpHkwJhtwGuf pdwåokcjzpfMuvsuf
ygw,f/ pdwfcsrf;omwJhtwGufaMumihfvJyJ? aumif;wJhpdwfwdkYu jzpfaptyfwJh
trS D ½ k y f a wG x yf q ih f j zpf y G m ;yH k u pdwåZ ½kyfuvmyfawGrSm yg&SdvmwJh 0PÖ"mwf½lyg½Hk[m tvGefwifhw,f
wpfcg tJ'D½kyfav;rsKd;wdkYrSm uHaMumihfjzpfwJh tpdkiftcJtrm vSyacsmarGUygw,f/
cHjzpfwJh "mwfav;yg;wdkYudk pGJrSDNyD;wnfwJh? 0PÖ(tqif;)½kyf? *E¨(teHY)½kyf? a'greóraumif ; wJ h p d w f a Mumih f
&o(t&om)½kyf? MoZm½kyfwkdYuwpfrsKd;? pdwfaMumihfjzpfwJh tpdkiftcJ tJ'Duae wpfcg aqGrsKd;nmwd? om;orD;? toHk;aqmifa&TaiG
trmcHjzpfwJh "mwfav;yg;udkpGJrSDNyD;jzpfwJh? 0PÖ? *E¨? &o? MoZm½kyf b@mpwJh ypönf;OpömawGysufpD;qHk;yg;oGm;wJhtcg? raumif;wJh a'gre
uvnf; wpfrsK;d ? OwkaMumihjf zpfwhJ ½ky?f tm[m&aMumihjf zpfw½hJ yk w f rYkd mS vJ ópdwfawGjzpfay:vmNyD;awmhum tJ'DpdwfawGujzpfaptyfwJh pdwåZ
tpdkif tcJtrmcHjzpfwJh "mwfav;yg;wdkYukd pGJrSDNyD;jzpfwJh 0PÖ? *E¨? &o? ½kyfawGrSmygvmwJh raumif;wJh0PÖ(tqif;)? "mwf½lyg½HkwdkYu wpfudk,f
MoZm ½kyfawGuvJ wpfrsKd;pDjzpfygw,f/ vHk;rSm vTrf;rdk;wnfwmaMumihf tqif;½lyum,[m Munhfcsifp&myif
tJ'D½kyfav;rsKd;aygif;pkNyD; wnfwJhudk,faumifBuD;rSm 0PÖqdkwJh raumif;avmifatmif qdk;qdk;&Gm;&Gm;jzpf&avw,f/
tqif;½kyw f pfcx k u J rkd w S o f m;xm;Ny;D awmh xif&mS ;atmif &Si;f jyvdyk gw,f/ aumif ; wJ h O wk u vS y wih f w ,f w J h ½k y f j zpf a pw,f
0d y wå d w &m;av;yg;eJ Y * wd 5 yg; OwkaMumihjf zpfwhJ ½kyaf wGrmS vJyJ oDwOPSpwJh aumif;wJh Owk
*wd0dywåd? Oy"d0dywdå? umv0dywdå? ya,m*0dywdåqdkwJh? 0dywdå ujyKjyifvdkY "mwfav;yg; nDñGwfwJhtcg aumif;wJhOwkawGujzpfaptyf
w&m;av;yg;wdkYrSm? *wd0dywådqdkwmu a'0*wd? rEkó*wd? wd&päme* wJh ½kyfuvmyfwdkYrSm ygvmwJh 0PÖ"mwf½lyg½HkawG[m tvGefwihfw,fvS
wd? ed&,*wd? ayw*wdvq Ykd w kd v hJ m;&ma&muf&m*wd(5)yg;&Syd gw,f/ tJ'D yMuygw,f/
*wd(5)yg;xJrSm? wd&päme*wd? ed&,*wd? ayw*wd? tJ'D*wdoHk;yg;udk raumif ; wJ h Owk u raumif ; wJ h tusnf ; wef ½ k y f j zpf a pw,f
qdv k ykd gw,f/ wpfcg oDwOPSpwJh raumif;wJh OwkawGvGefuJwJhtwGuf
Oy"d 0 d y wd å q d k w m aMumihf tJ'Draumif;wJh OwkawGujzpfaptyfwJh 0PÖ"mwf½lyg½HkawG[m
Oy"d0yd wdq å w kd mu tqif;oP²mefu, kd t
f *Fgrjynhrf pHyk jJ zpfvm tvGefrwifhw,fatmif jzpfMu&w,f/
&wmudkqdkygw,f/ aumif ; aumif ; pm;Ek d i f & if jynh f j ynh f N zd K ;Nzd K ;jzpf &
umv0d y wd å q d k w mu tvm;wl tm[m&aMumihjf zpfMu&wJh ½kyaf wGrmS vJyJ "mwfav;
umv0dywdq å w kd mu? w&m;rapmifw h hJ tb,rif;Bu;D wdBYk u;D pd;k yg;nDñGwfvdkY aumif;wJh abmZOftm[m&awGudk oHk;aqmifpm;aomuf
wJh rif;qdk;rif;npfwdkYtkyfcsKyfwJhumvudkqdkygw,f/ Mu&wJhtcg tJ'Daumif;wJh abmZOftm[m&awG[m pwkZ½kyfawGudkvJ
'k p ½d k u f r I a wG B uD ; pk d ; wJ h ya,m*0d y wd å axmufyHhNyD;awmh rdrdujzpfaptyfwJh tm[m&Z½kyfuvmyfrSmygwJh 0PÖ
ya,m*0dywdq å w kd muawmh 'kp½du k rf aI wGeYJ ya,m*vHv Yk jyKNy;D "mwf½yl g½Hu k kd tvGew f &maus;Zl;jyKygawmhw,f/ tJ'gaMumihv f yJ J tvGef
toufarG;rIjyKaeMujcif;udkqdkygw,f/ yif jynhfjynhfNzdK;NzdK; jzpfMu&ygw,f/
0d y wd å a v;yg;ajymif ; jyef v S e f v d k u f a wmh rpm;Ek d i f raomuf E k d i f & if a wmh yd e f v S D a jcmuf u yf
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 PODIUM DHAMMA
16 "r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/
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&,f v k d Y ynwf w if x m;wJ h 'D u d k , f a umif B uD ; [m wu,f a wmh ]]w&m;&Muí om,mcsrf ; ajrU&S d M uygap}}
av;yg;aom ½k y f w d k Y a ygif ; pyf x m;wJ h ½k y f w H k ; ½k y f c J j zpf w J h y&rw¬ Nid r f ; csrf ; OD ;
w&m;wHk;BuD;ygvdkY trSeftuefodMuzdkY&m &Sif;jyaewJh tcsufrsm;yJ
jzpfygw,f/ pmrsufESm 14 rS
od w m&S d M uovd k rod w mawG u vJ
tJ'D½kyfuvmyfav;rsKd;wdkY aygif;pyfNyD; wnfaewJh ½kyfwHk;½kyfcJ oD w if ; oH k ; cJ h a omausmif ; rsm;
pmoifom;&[ef;b0ESifh [oFmwNrKd U&Sd omoemhArd mefausmif;?
jzpfwJh y&rw¬w&m;tpkrSmvJ "mwfBuD;av;yg;om tpdkiftcJtav;
&efuif; yÍöedum,ausmif;rsm;wGif oDwif;oHk;onhftjyif oHvsifNrdKU&Sd
taygYudk &Muygw,f/ tJ'D"mwfBuD;av;yg;rSmvJ yx0D"mwf? awaZm
o'¨ar®m',*dkPf;axmufausmif;&Sd &[EÅm odrfawmifwGifvnf;aumif;?
"mwf? 0ga,m"mwf? 'D"mwfoHk;yg;wdkYom azm|AÁm½HkjzpfNyD; udk,ft*FgBuD;
zl;*sD;a&odk&GmwGifvnf;aumif; wpf0gqdkcJhNyD; r[maAm"dNrdKif q&m
i,fwdkYeJY xdyg;prf;oyfNyD; awGUodMuygw,f/ uav;oli,frsm;yifvQif awmfBuD; oDwif;oHk;cJhaom ysOf;rem;vufvkyfawmifü&Sdaom ausmif;ü
El;nHw h ,f/ Murf;wrf;w,fqw kd m xdawGUNy;D od&w dS wfMuygw,f/ 'gayr,fh wpfESpfjcm;(3)ESpf oDwif;oHk;cJhygonf/ ,ckvuf&SdoDwif;oHk;aeaom
y&rw¬jzpfwhJ yx0D"mwfqw kd mudak wmh rodwwfMu/ tvm;wl at;w,f aAm"d&dyfNidrf (awm&)ausmif;odkY (2002) ckESpfwGif a&TUajymif;oDwif;oHk;
ylw,fqdkwmudkodw,f/ y&rw¬jzpfwJhawaZmqkdwmawmh rodMu/ vIyf cJhygownf;/
&Sm;w,f/ awmihfwif;w,f? ckcHwGef;a0SUw,f/ yG&Ga&mh&Jw,fqdkwm ]q&mawmf t aMumif ; waph w apmif ; }
awGudkvJ odMuygw,f/ 'gayr,fh y&rw¬jzpfwJh 0ga,m"mwfqdkwm i,fpOfrSyif? owd0ifí
udkawmh rodMuyg/ rSwfpOfw&m;? ol½IyGm;vsuf
,H ½lyH tedpöH? 'ku©H pm;vnf;pm;pOf? oGm;vnf;oGm;yif/
'D"mwfBu;D av;yg;wdu Yk "kd mwfuaJG tmif y&rw¬tppfukd odvQi?f 0dZÆmwpfyg;? jzpfcsifvm;xif
½lyu©Em¨ udk ydik ;f jcm;Ny;D odw,fvrYkd nfygw,f/ tJ'v D o kd rd o S m ],H½yl H tedp?Hö pdwfpGrf;tifESihf opfyifay:wuf
'ku?H© 0dy&dPmr"r®?H t,H½yl ótm'Dea0g}vdaYk [mawmfrw l hJ a'oemtvdk pdwfnd§KUcsufum;? a&SUoGm;acG;rSm
t& ½kycf E¨mopf ½kycf E¨ma[mif;ajymif;vJomG ;rIwrYkd mS xif&mS ;&Sw d hJ ½kyaf wG aemufjyefvmí? ,Ofyg;trI oljyK\/
jzpfay:vmjcif;[m ysufjy,foGm;wJh ½kyfawGae&mrSmom topfjzpfay: wpfaeYaomtcg? jzLuGufykqdk;
vmMuwmjzpfygw,f/ ajrvQdK;rdk;ysH? erdwf[efaMumihf
ted p ö j rif r S y&rwf Ó Pf t jrif o ef w ,f ylaESmihfAsmuif;? pdwf&Sif;&Sif;jzihf
tJ'Dvdkjzpfysufajymif;vJaewJh jzpfpOfawGrSm xif&Sm;jzpfay: olESihf ]rwef} xifawmh\/
vmwJh ½kyfudkjrif&wJhtcg ysufjy,foGm;wJh ½kyfawGudkvJ od&jyefygw,f/ pdwfrSmNrJBuH? r[efvl0wf
tJ'DjzpfysufrIawGudk jrif&wJhtwGuf or®m'd|d0dZÆmÓPfaygufa&muf tBuHopfjzihf? &[ef;abmifodkY
atmifjrifEkdifygu ½kyfwHk;½kyfcJjzpfwJh ½lyu©E¨mrSm tedpöoabmwkYd[m jrifhjrwfw&m;? usihfumyGm;zdkY
xifxif&Sm;&Sm;jzpfay:vmMurSmjzpfygw,f/ cGihfawmif;orI? vuFmpkjzihf
'k u © a wG B uD ; us,f w mjrif y grS rdESihfbudk? ½dkao&Sdcdk; aumfa&mf\/
aeY&o dS rQ aMumihMf updu k Nf y;D tm;xkwBf uKd ;yrf;vkyaf qmifae&wJh
&[ef;jzpfaomf yDwdaysmfESihf
toufarG;rI'ku©? ypönf;Opöm&atmifvkyfaqmif&wJh 'ku©/ tJ'D'ku©awG
usnfayGUwufayguf? t"d|mefa&mufzdkY
BuD;us,fwmudkjrif&if rdrd&JU ½lyu©E¨moabmudk trSeftueftwdkif;
y&d,wfudk pdwfudkwnfpk
odjrifEkdifrSmjzpfygw,f/ vHkYvjyKí? tywfwukwfBudK;pm;\/
azmuf j yef y suf p D ; aewmawG j rif r S
'Du, kd cf E¨maumifBu;D twGi;f rSm ud;k q,fah jcmufyg;aom a&m*g y&d,wfESihf y#dywfudk
a0'emqdk;BuD;awGjzpfay:vmcJhyg&if emrI? aorI? ESdyfpufrIawGudkjzpfjzpf? rQwatmifxm;? usihfw&m;aMumihf
cE¨mtyüjzpfwJh rD;ab;? a&ab;? avab;? taxGaxGaom ab;awGudk vl? ewf? [dk;ausmf q&mawmf[k
jzpfjzpf? udk,fawGUrsufjrifjzpfwJh ab;qdk;awGudk qifjcifNyD; MunhfvkdufcJh aAm"d&dyfeef;? olpHjref;í
&if 'DcE¨mudk,f&JU 0dy&dPmrazmufjyefysufpD;,dk,Gif;aewJh oabmawG tHk;tHk;usufusuf? tvk,ufESihf
txif;om;awGUjrifod&SdvmrSmjzpfygw,f/ wdk;íylaZmf? avmuDarQmfxm;
'd | d 0d o k ' d ¨ Ó Pf t jrif o ef a tmif vltrsm;ukd? oem;arwåm
tJ'Dvdk ½kyfemrf"r®ocFg&w&m;jzpfpOfawGudk tenf;enf;tzHk u½kPmESihf w&m;a&at;
zHkcGJjcrf;pdwfjzma0zefydkif;jcm;um tbd"r®ma'oemawmfBuD;udk jrwfpGm wdkufauR;EdI;aqmf? r*fudkarQmfzdkY
bk&m;a[mMum;awmfrw l t
hJ &m[m ouúm,'d|u d if;uGmNy;D ? 'd|0d o d 'k Ód¨ Pf t&if;r&? vlYb0ESihf
rsm;ay:aygufvmapzdkY&m a[mMum;awmfrlonfjzpfygí? ½kyfta& &if;pm;vnf;½HI;? vlvHk;rvS
twGuu f akd r;jref;pl;prf;wJh tck't D ar;ykpmä rSm 'd|0d od 'k Ó ¨d PftjrifoefNy;D rjzpfMuzdkY raerem; vrf;jy\/

"r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/
MuufzwkdY tb,faMumifhwGefMu&oenf;
aomif ; ZH ( {'if )
Muuf z wd k Y w G e f j cif ; taMumif ; oH k ; &yf
1/ ae0ifaomtcg MuufwdkYonf rsufpduef;ukef\? wpfem&D?
ESpfem&D oHk;em&DcefYMum&Sdaomtcgwdkif;wdkYü rsufpdtvif;jrifvmMu\/
xdktcg xdwfvefYwMum;tHhMo0rf;omí wGefjrnfMuukef\/
2/ nOfhtcgMuufwdkYonf aMumuf&GHUukef\/ xdktcg MuufzwdkY
onftdyf&mrS Edk;onhftcgwdkif;? MuufrwdkYudk tm;&SdMuap&ef toHay;
ESpfodrfhapí wGefjrnfMuukef\/
3/ nOfhtcsdefüvnf;aumif;? aeYtcgüvnf;aumif;? MuufzwdkY
onf rdrd\ Muufr(r,m;)udktaMumif;jyKí Muufztcsif;csif; BuHK;0g;
aomtm;jzihf awmifyH[kefcyfumwGefjrnfMuukef\/
þonfwdkYum; Muufzrsm;wGefjrnfjcif; taMumif;oHk;csufjzpf
onf/
ygVd t euf t "d y Ü g ,f z G i h f q d k c suf
tw¬*FwrSd tm'dapö? ukuúK#mtE¨Zmwdum/
,'gp ybH yóEÅd? w'g 0óEÅdarm'dwm/
(y#dbbmef*gxm)
tm'dapö-aeonf? tw¬*FwrSd-0ifonf&Sdaomf? ukuúK#m-Muuf
wdkYonf tE¨Zmwdum-rsufpduef;aom oabm&Sdukef\/ ,'g-wpfem
&DMumwpfcg odkYr[kwf ESpfem&DMumwpfcgcefY? oHk;em&DMumcefYponfjzihf
rsufpdjyefjrifvmaomtMuiftcgü? ybH-tvif;a&mifudk? yóEÅd-bGm;
ceJjrifukef\/ jrifwwfaom oabm&Sdukef\/ w'g-xdktcsdefü? ukuúK#m
MuufwdkYonf? arm'dwm-0rf;omtm;&jzpfMuukefvsuf? 0óEÅd-wGefYjrnf
Muukefav\/
Mobmowd a cg Mobmaom
xdktaMumif;aMumihf wGefjrnfaomMuufoHonfum; ]Mobm
owd acg Mobmaom} [líjzpfav\/
Mobmaom-tvif;a&mifonf? acg-tu,fpifpiftm;jzihf?
Mobmowd-vif;av\/ teufrSm ]igruef;ao;bl;? ta&miftqif;
tvif;udkjrif&oa[h} [k a<u;ausmfjcif;vnf;rnf\/
yd , m ,mrd a 0g yd , ma,m
tx0gou oa'´e? awmaowHk ukuúK#Dyd,m/
0g,e rmex'¨g0? a&maowHk &dyk ukuúKa#/
tx0g-wpfenf;um;? ouoa'´e-rdrd\ wGefoHjzihf? ukuúK#D
yd,m-Muufrr,m;wdkYudk? awmaowHk-taMumufajyESpfoufapjcif;iSm?
ukuúK#m-MuufzwdkYonf? 0óEÅd-wpfem&D? ESpfem&Dponfjcm;í? tm;ay;
onfh[ef wGefa<u;ukef\/
xdktaMumif;aMumihf wGefaomMuufoHonfum; ]yd,m ,mrd
a0g yd,ma,m} [líjzpfav\/
yd,ma,m-csprf ,m;tvStMkd uufrwdaYk &? a0g-oifwu Ykd ?kd t[H
-ywåjrm;NrD;axmif igMuufarmifonf? yd,m,mrd-cspfw,fa[h? igypf
roGm;bl;? cspfw,fa[h[ka<u;aMumfMujcif;vnf;jzpfavonf/
DHAMMA TALKS
17
Z*wsm[H - a[myk & d a om
0gye-wenf;aomfum;
ukuúK#mMuufzwdkYonf? yd,ma[wk-Muufrr,m;wnf;[l
aomtaMumif;aMumihf? rmex'¨g0-rmecufxef taocHcGyfvdkukefonf
jzpfíomvQif? &dykukuúKa#-&efbufMuufzwdkYudk? a&maowHk-csKyfcs,f
&efapmifjcif;iSm? 0óEÅd-wGefukef\/
xdktaMumif;aMumihf wGefonfhtoHum; ]Z*swsm[H-a[myk&d
aom} [líjzpfavonf/
ta[m-tHhp&m igwJha[haemf? Zm*wsm,H-þajrwpfcGifü?
t[Hyk&daom-ig[Jha,musfm;a[h? vmMuprf;0HhvQif prf;Muprf;[k
t"dyÜg,foufavonf/
txl ; rS w f c suf
ausmuúmatmifajrcsrf;omq&mawmf b'´EÅZ0et&Sifjrwf\
pum;ESihf? q&mOD;qef;xGef;\ ]*sm*wsm[H yk&qm;} [laomMuufwGef
oHa&;om;csuu f kd rS;D í? azmfjyygaomrH&k mG ta&SUv,fwq D &mawmf bk&m;
BuD;pD&ifawmfrlonfh r[mokw'DyeDusrf; 'kwd,wGJudkrSD;íazmfjyjcif;jzpf
ygonf/
wu,fawmh þMuufwGefjcif;taMumif;udk tbdnmOf&SifwdkYrS
wpfyg; rnforl Q odEidk Mf urnfr[kwyf g/ ynm&Sw d \Ykd ÓPfueG cYf suf ouf
oufrQjzihf þodkYBuHpnfa&;om;Mujcif;jzpf&monf/
Muuf w G e f o H r sm;um;
(1) MouúvdMo(ygVd)
(2) *s*wsm[H yk&om;(ouú#)
(3) aumufat'l;vf'l;(t*Fvdyf)
(4) atmuftdtD;tGwf(jrefrm)
jref r mwd k Y \ Muuf w G e f o H a 0g[m&pum;vH k ; rsm;
(1) ae0ifcsdefwGefygu -ae0ifMuuf/
(2) tdyf,m0ifcsdefwGefygu-tdyfwef;wufMuuf/
(3) xrif;pm;NyD; tdk;cGufyef;uefaq;aMumí arSmufodrf;csdefwGefygu
-pm;cGufarSmufMuuf/
(4) oli,frsm;tdyfcsdefwGefygu-oli,fwdwfqdwfMuuf/
(5) vlBuD;rsm;tdyf,m0ifcsdefwGefygu-oufBuD;acgif;csMuuf/
(6) vlysKdrsm; tysKdvSnhfvnfNyD; jyefcsdefwGefygu-vkifjyefMuuf/
xdktcsdefrSm oef;acgiftcsdefjzpfaomaMumihf-oef;acgifMuuf/
(7) oef;acgif,mrfESihft½kPfwufcsdefMum;wGif wGefygu aemufwpf&uf
twGuf tOD;qHk;wGefaomaMumihf-MuufOD;wGefoH/
(8) va&mifvmNyD; t½kPfwufcsdefwGif wGefygu-t½kPfMuuf/
(9) rdk;vif;csdefwGefygu-vif;Muuf/
(10) tdyfwef;qif;csdefwGefygu-tdyfwef;qif;Muuf[lí MuufoHESihf
tcsdefudk udkufnd§íwifpm;ac:qdkowfrSwfMuavonf/
aomif ; ZH ( {'if )
 -
THERAVADA PERSPECTIVE
18 "r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/

aemuf a usmzk H ; rS ynmorÜ ' g, orm'aywd ? ed a 0aowd ? ywd | maywd ?

w,f/ {wå m 0wmacg? bd u © a 0? rmwmyd w k e H u wÍö a [mwd ?
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aus;Zl;awmf&SifBuD;rsm;eJYtwl teaEÅmteEÅig;yg;rSmyg0ifwJh? rdbwdkY&JU teuft"dyÜm,fu ukodkvf\tpk? 'gerI? oDvrI? bm0emrI
*kPaf us;Zl;qdw k m[m om;orD;wdt Yk ay:rSm? tem'dteEÅ tyÜar,s tqH;k wdkYü arhavsmhíaeMuwJh? trdtzwdkYudk? oHo&m0#frS uRwfvGwfí b0
tydik ;f tjcm; yrmPr&So d nfjzpfí? om;wdo Yk rD;wdu
Yk trduv kd uf0?J tz qufwdkif; csrf;om&ef&nfoefawmifhwvsuf? ukodkvfaumif;rI&JU tusdK;
udk vusfm ycHk;xufrSmwifxm;NyD;? touf&SnforQ 0wfBuD;0wfi,fjyKpk xl; r[yævudk? ,HkMunfouf0ifvmatmif ajymjyMuí wdkufwGef;aom
í arG;aus;Zl;wdu Yk kd ay;qyfMuaomfvnf; raMuEdik af Mumif;udk rmwmydwk t&mrSm tvGefw&mcsrf;omjcif;&JU taMumif;jzpfwJhtwGuf? 'Dvdk
okwfrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmfrlygw,f/ azmfaqmifay;Muwm[m rdzwd&Yk UJ arG;aus;Zl;udak Muatmifqyfwmrnfyg
]]'GdEém[H bdu©a0 eokyÜ#dum&H 0'grd= 'dGEéH-ESpfOD;ukefaom trd w,f&,fvdkY rmwmydwkokwfrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mMum;qHk;rawmfrlyg
tzwdkYtm;? okyÜ#dum&- wpfzefwHkYvSefjyefí aus;Zl;qyfjcif;iSmvG,f\ w,f/ 'gudk oHo,r&Sd ,HkMunfvkdufemazmfaqmiftyfygw,f/
[lí? t[He0'grd- igbk&m;a[mawmfrrl..}} tJ'Dvdk aus;Zl;&SifrdzESpfyg;wdkY? ukodkvfaumif;rItpk? 'gerI?
rdzwdkY&JU tem'dteEÅ tyÜar,saus;Zl;udk om;orD;wdkYu oDvrI? bm0emrIawGrSm wu,fhudk o'¨gw&m;xufxufoefoefeJY
jyefvnfwHkYqyfMuwJht&mrSm? arG;ordcif arG;ozcif aus;Zl;&SifESpfyg; vkyaf qmifEikd Mf u&atmif om;orD;awGu wdu k w f eG ;f Ed;I aqmfyyhH ;kd ay;Mu&m
pvHk;wdkYtm; 0J,mycHk;xufrSm xrf;&GufNyD;? 0wfBuD;0wfi,f rvpfvyf rSm? rdzawGcsnf; csrf;omokc&&SdMuwmr[kwf/ wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfyHhydk;ay;
atmif jyKí? rdzwdkY\aus;Zl;udk touf&SnforQumvywfvHk; qyfMu wJh om;orD;awGrmS vJ tusKd ;xl;r[yæveJjY ynhpf MkH uyHu k v kd J yk*Kd¾ vaf v;a,muf
onf&adS omfvnf;? rdzwdüYk vGepf mG aus;Zl;rrsm;? wpfb0omcsr;f omaom wdkYeJY ydkif;jcm;jyNyD; a[mMum;awmfrlygw,f/
t&momjzpfwJhtwGuf tem'dteEÅjzpfwJh rdzwdkY&JU aus;Zl;[mrausEdkif (1) toyÜ K &d o yk * ¾ d K vf w pf a ,muf /
aMumif;jzihf jrwfpGmbk&m;u rmwmydwkokwfrSm a[mawmfrlygw,f/ (2) toyÜ K &d o w& yk * ¾ d K vf w pf a ,muf /
'ghtjyif? r*Fvokwfawmf? owårajrmuftajccHusihfxHk;rlBuD; (3) oyÜ K &d o yk * ¾ d K vf w pf a ,muf /
tjzpfeYJ ]]rmwmydwk Oy|mer*Fvm}} a'oemawmf Ma-ta-pitu upattha-- (4) oyÜ K &d o w& yk * ¾ d K vf w pf a ,muf /
na mangala; The Seven Fundamental Principles of the Mangala tJ'Dyk*¾dKvf (4) a,mufwdkYqdkonfrSm (1) raumif;rItukodkvf
sutta Desana udk a[mazmfñTefjyqHk;rawmfrlygw,f/ 'kp½dkufawGudk olwpfyg;wdkYudk rwdkufwGef;yJ udk,fwdkifvGefusL;jyKvkyfol
rmwmydwk trdtzwdkYudk + Oy|meH= jyKpkvkyfauR;jcif;/ trd onf toyÜ K &d o yk * ¾ d K vf r nf y gw,f / (2) ol w pf y g;wd k Y u d k
tzwdkYudk jyKpkvkyfauR;jcif;udkyJ rmwmydwkOy|mevdkYac:qdkygw,f/ wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfNyD;awmh? rdrdESihftwlwuG tukodkvf'kp½dkufawGudk
trdtzawGqw kd m[m om;orD;awGtay:rSm tvGerf S aus;Zl; vGefusL;jyKvkyfoludk toyÜK&dow&yk*¾dKvfvdkYac:ygw,f/ tJ'D yk*¾dKvfrsdK;
Bu;D rm;MuwJh *kPBf u;D &Sirf sm; jzpfMuygw,f/ 'Dvkd aus;Zl;Bu;D us,*f P k 0f ifh [m &orQaomtukodkvftusdK;udk oHk;yHkyHkvdkY? ESpfyHkpmcH&oljzpfygw,f/
x,fwJh rdbawGudk jyKpkvkyfauR;jcif;[m tvGeftusdK;BuD;rm;wJhtwGuf tJ'Daemuf (3) olwpfyg;udk rwkdufwGef;yJ rdrdomukodkvf
Bu;D yGm;&mBu;D yGm;aMumif;? csr;f om&mcsr;f omaMumif; aumif;jrwfwrhJ *Fvm aumif;rI jyKolrsdK;u oyÜK&doyk*¾dKvfrnfygw,f/ (4) ukodkvfaumif;rI
tppfjzpfw,fvYkd t*Fw k &å edum,fygVdawmfeYJ t|uxmrSm jrwfpmG bk&m; awGjyKzdkY&m arhavsmhaeolawGudk owday;wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfNyD;awmh
rdeq Yf akd wmfryl gw,f/ rdred tYJ wlwuG ukov kd af umif;rIawGukd jyKvyk w f ohJ rl sKd ;udk oyÜK&o d w&yk*Kd¾ vf
'gaMumihf ynm&So d m;orD;awG[m trdtzwdu Yk kd &Sv
d cJ ;kd Mu&yg vdaYk c:ygw,f/ tJ'Dyk*¾dKvfuvJyJ &&orQukodkvftusdK;awGudk oHk;yHkyHkvdkY
r,f/ pm;p&maomufp&m tm[m&ypönf;awGeJY t0wf? tdyf,m? ae&m? ESpfyHkpmavmuf &&SdcHpm;pHpm;&ygw,f/
tarT;eHYomvdrf;usHay;jcif;? a&csdK;ay;jcif;? ajcvufaq;ay;jcif; pwJh tJ'aD v;a,mufaomyk*Kd¾ vx f rJ mS olwpfyg;udk wku d w f eG ;f Ed;I aqmf
jyKpkrIawGeJY ½dkaoav;pm;pGmjyKpkvkyfauR;Mu&rSmjzpfygw,f/ Ny;D awmh rdred t YJ wlwuGjyKvyk w f hJ oyÜK&o d w&yk*Kd¾ vrf mS twlwuGjyKMuNy;D
tJ'v D kd trdtzawG&UJ *kPaf us;Zl;awGukd odwwfem;vnfwwf &&SdwJhukodkvftusdK;aus;Zl;wdkYudk oHk;pkjyKNyD; ESpfpk&&Sdonfudkaxmufí?
MunfnKd wwfNy;D jyKpv k yk af uR;MuwJo h m;orD;awG[m? rsuaf rSmufb0rSmvJ ukodkvfaumif;rIwdkYü arhavsmhcsdKUwJhaeMuwJh trdtzwdkYudk? w&m;"r®jzihf
Bu;D yGm;csr;f omMuNy;D ? ynm&So d al wmfaumif;Bu;D awGu om"kEak rmfaumif; a[majymjyo taxmuftyHhay;NyD; ukodkvfaumif;rIwdkYudkjyKvkyfapwJh
csD;jyKawmfrlMuygw,f/ wrvGefb0rSmvJ ewf&GmewfjynfrSm pnf;pdrfpH om;orD;awG[m? rdzaus;Zl;qyfvYkd aMuwJt h jyif rdrw d rYkd mS vJ tusKd ;aus;Zl;
cHpm;Mu&ygw,f/ 'd|"r®cHpm;pHpm;&Muwmudk trSefwu,f,HkMunfvufcHMuNyD;? aus;Zl;
'Dvkd rdz0wfawGukd rjywfjyKpv k yk af uR;Edik Mf uayrih?f wu,fwef; awmf&SifrdcifzcifwdkY&JUaus;Zl;udk txl;tm½HkjyK*½kpdkufNyD; qyfoihfMu
usawmh rdbawG&JU arG;aus;Zl;udk ausatmifay;qyfEdkifMuwmr[kwfzl; aMumif;jzihf? azmfjyyg rmwmydwkokwfrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;udk,fawmfwdkif
vdkY rmwmydwkokwfrSm a[mygw,f/ 'gjzihf b,fvdkvkyfay;qyfMurS rdz a[mMum;qHk;rawmfrlygw,f/
aus;Zl;ausatmifqyfEikd yf ghrvJvq Ykd &kd if? tJ'rD mwmydwo k w k rf mS yJ jrwfpmG 'Dae&mrSm tvsOf;oihfvdkY eJeJavmufqufNyD; &Sif;jyvdkygw,f/
bk&m;u a[mazmfñTefjyawmfrlygw,f/ *kPfaus;Zl;BuD;rm;jrihfjrwfwJhtwGuf? rdzawGudk jA[®mvdkYqdkxm;ygw,f/
a,mpacg bd u © a 0? rmwmyd w a&m toa'¨ / jA[®mawG[m arwåm? u½kPm? rk'w d m? Oayu©mqdw k hJ jA[®0[ d m&bm0em
o'¨ g orÜ ' g,? or'gaywd ed 0 aowd w&m;av;yg;udk yGm;rsm;MuwmeJYyJ jA[®mhjynfrSmjzpfMu&wJhtwGuf? tJ'D
ywd | maywd / 'k ó D a v oD v orÜ ' g,? jA[®0[ d m&bm0emw&m;av;yg;udk pGeaYf vhr&SMd uovd?k trdtzawGuvJ
rpä & d a em/ pm*orÜ ' g, 'k y Ü a n? yJ om;orD;rsm;tay:rSm tcsdeftcgtm;avsmfpGm tJ'Dbm0emw&m;

"r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg;vlom;tm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/
av;yg;udk pGefYavhr&SdMuygbl;/
om;orD;rsm; y#doaE¨wnfvmwJt h csed u f pvd?Yk arG;zGm;wJt
txd? arG;zGm;vmr,hfom;uav;? orD;uav;udk udk,fvuft*FgjynhfpHk
pGmeJY use;f rmcsr;f ompGm b,fawmhrsm;rS awGU&jrif&yhgrvJ&,fvYkd rdzawG
rSm arwåmpdwfawGjzpfjzpfNyD;awmh? rdrd&JUudk,f0efudktNrJarwåmydkYovdkY
aeMuwwfygw,f/ ('guarwåmyg)
udk,f0efouf&ufaphvdkY arG;zGm;vmMuNyD;wJhtcg om;uav;?
orD;uav;awGu yufvuftdyfwwf½HkrQom&Sdao;wJhtwGuf rSuf? jcif?
oef;? Murf;yd;k ? yk&u G qf w d f pwmawGtudu k cf &H vdYk idak <u;jrnfwrf;wJt
rsdK;rSm? 'grSr[kwf tdyf&mae&mtqifrajywJhtwGuf idka<u;jrnfwrf;wJh
tcgrsdK;rSm om;i,f? orD;i,fuav;&JU idkoHMum;&½kHrQeJY rdzawG&JU &ifrSm
oem;MuifemrIawGjzpfay:vmwwfMuygw,f/ ('g[m u½kPmw&m;yg)
[dk[dk'D'Dajy;vTm;aqmhupm;EdkifwJhtcgrsdK;? yvDyvm wDwDwm
wmajymwwf v mNyD ; cspf c if p &mt&G , f u d k a &muf v mwJ h t cgrsd K ;rS m ?
om;av;? orD;av;udkMunhfNyD;? tartazawG&JUpdwf[m axmywfqD
MunfrSmxnhfvkdufwJh tBudrfwpf&mzwfxm;wJh 0g*Grf;pdkifvdk El;nHhaysmif;
tdvdkY vmygw,f/ 0rf;ajrmufyDwdjzpfaewmudk ajymwmyg/ tJ'Dvdktcg
rsdK;usawmh rdzawG&JUpdwfxJrSm olwxl;aumif;usdK;cHpm;ae&onfudk
MunhNf y;D 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfaeMuw,fvYkd qdo k ifyh gw,f/ ('gu rk'w
w&m;pdwfyg)
om;awGorD;awG tcsdefweft&G,fa&mufvdkY tdrfaxmif&uf
om; usMuwJhtcg woD;wjcm;udk,hftdk;udk,fhtdrfeJY tdrfcGJaeMuwJhtcg
rsKd ;rSm? tckawmh igwdo Yk m;awGorD;awGvJ uk, d o fh abmusaexdik v
pm;aomufEdkifMuNyD;? ukd,hfajcaxmufay: udk,f&yfwnfaeEdkifMuNyD&,f
vdkY? rdzawG&JUpdwfrSm aMumihfMuuif;rI? pdwfcs,HkMunfrIqdkwJh vspfvsL½IrI
pdwfawGjzpfay:vmwwfMuygw,f/ tJ'DvdktcgrsdK;rSmjzpfay:aewJhpdwf
[m Oayu©mqdkwJh pdwfrsdK;jzpfygw,f/ ('gu Oayu©mpdwfoabmayhg)
tJ'gu rdzawG&JUpdwfrSm rzefwnf;rvkyf,l&yJ jzpfay:vmwJh
jA[®mBu;D awGapmifx h ed ;f MuwJh jA[®0[
d m&bm0emvdq Yk w
kd hJ jA[®mpd&k w
av;yg;tvdkvdkudef;vmvdkY rdcifzcifwdkYudk jA[®mvdkY ac:qdkEdkifwmjzpfyg
w,f/
rd c if z cif w d k Y [ m i,f p Of a wmif a us;uav;t&G , f u pvd k Y
avmua&;&mtjzmjzm od p &mwwf p &m avmuD y nm&yf a wG u d k
tdrfaxmifjyKMuvdkY vufvTwfvkdufMu&NyD;wJhwdkifatmif oGefoifjyo
qdq k ;kH rum t&m&moifMum;jyoay;wwfMuwJt h wGuaf Mumihf ykAmÁ p&d,
vufOD; q&m&,fvdkY ac:qdkMuwmyg/
rdzqdw k m[m om;orD;awG&UJ tOD;tp i,fpOfupvdYk ud;k uG,f
&m tm;xm;&m cdkrSD&mjzpfwJhtwGufaMumifh ykAÁa'0wm tdrfOD;ewf&,f
vdkY ac:qdkMuwmvJjzpfygw,f/
rdzwd[ Yk m om;orD;wd&Yk UJ vkyaf uR;jyKpyk al Zmfru I kd cH,x
l ukd Mf uwJh
twGufaMumifh tm,kae,stylaZmfcHyk*¾dKvfrnfMuygw,f/
wpfenf;tm;jzihv f nf;yJ jrifrh &kd af wmifO;D ruaus;Zl; Bu;D rm;vS
wmaMumih?f om;orD;awGu teD;ta0;u ydaYk qmifay;tyfvmwJh tpm;
taomuf? t0wfwefqm? toHk;taqmif? 0w¬Kypönf;awGudk cH,lxdkuf
MuwmaMumihf tm,kae,s eD;a0;tvSLcHxkdufol&,fvdkYvJ ac:qdkMu&yg
w,fvdkY? okwåefyd#uwf t*Fkwå&edum,fygVdawmfESifh t|uxmwdkYrS
azmfjyygw,f/
'ghtjyif om;orD;awGu rdzrsm;udk udk,fxdvufa&muf
-
THERAVADA PERSPECTIVE
19
auR;arG;jcif;? trIupd aö wGukd jyKvyk af y;jcif;? trsKd ;tEG,u f kd wnfapjcif;?
h csed f tarGqufcHjcif;? b0wpfyg;ajymif;oGm;uG,fvGefMuwJh rdzrsm;twGuf
tvSLtwef;rsm;vSL'gef;Muí trQay;a0jcif;qdw k hJ vkyaf uR;jyKpjk cif;rsKd ;eJY
jyKpkvkyfauR;Mu&rSmu om;orD;awG&JU usihf0wfwm0efjzpfygw,f/
trdtzwdkYtm; ajcaq;ay;jcif;? ajcqkyfvufe,fjyKvkyfay;
jcif;? tarT;eHYomrIefYwdkYeJY udk,fudkyGwfoyfvdrf;usHay;jcif;? a&csdK;ay;jcif;?
t0wftpm;? ae&mxdkifcif; aq;0g;utp rusef&atmifay;NyD; jyKpk
vkyfauR;Mu&rSmjzpfygw,f/
h cg 'Dvdk rdzudk vkyfauR;jyKpkapmifha&SmufMuwm[m om;aumif;
orD;jrwfawGtwGuf vuf&rdS suaf rSmufb0csr;f omESihf aemifb0csr;f om
qdw k hJ csr;f omjcif;w&m;ESpyf g;udk &Guaf qmifEikd w f hJ rmwmydwOk y|meHqw kd hJ
BuD;yGm;csrf;omaMumif; r*Fvmjzpfygw,f/
rdcifzcifawG[m? urÇmay:&Sd ,Ofaus;wJb h momw&m;wdik ;f u
½dkaoav;pm;Mu&wJhyk*¾dKvfawGjzpfMuygw,f/ c&pf,mefbmomw&m;
,HkMunfudk;uG,fMuwJh t*FvdyfvlrsdK;awG[m rdcifudk,fpm; Queen
Marry. r,fawmfar&D rdzk&m;BuD;&,f? c&pf,mefbmomw&m;t&
oDv&Sifq&mBuD;rsm;xJu tBuD;qHk;oDv&Sifq&mBuD; Mother supe-
rior ukd rdcifBuD;tjzpf tav;tjrwfjyKMuygw,f/
d m Mother; rmwm? rdcif? tar female parent qdkwm[m
trsdK;orD;bmoma&;acgif;aqmif head of religious community of
women jzpfovdk? vlYabmifvlYavmutwGuf rdcifb0awGudk qifhyGm;
yHkazmfay;ol act as mother to mother hood vJjzpfygw,f/
f yk u f ikd f tvm;wl father; tz? zcif? taz male parent qdw k muvJy?J
fathers qdw k hJ bd;k ab;bDbifrsm;&JU rsKd ;quftarGukd qufcx H ed ;f odr;f &olvJ
jzpfygw,f/ c&pf,mefbkef;awmfBuD; Priest rsm;&JU bGJUrnfa&SUpD;uaeNyD;
awmh fathers qdw k hJ tac:ta0:udk OD;pGmcHNy;D rSnafh c:Mu&ovd?k bmom
w&m;t& udk;uG,fqnf;uyfMuwJhbk&m;ocifudkvJ father ac:ygw,f/
c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;\ c&pfprwfyGJawmftcgor,rSm uav;rsm;
f &m; twGuf ESpfopful;vufaqmifrsm; ,laqmifvmíay;onf[k ,HkMunf
cJhMu&aom tzdk;tdk pifwmuavmufudkvJ father christmas vdkY ac:qdk
Muygw,f/ udk,fydkiftcsKyftjcmtmPmydkifqdkifwJh vGwfvyfwJhEdkifiHawmf
udk fatherland tzEdik if aH wmfvYkd ac:qdMk uygw,f/ tzEdik if q H w kd m rdrw
d Ykd
\ native country ZmwdajrEdkifiHjzpfygw,f/ uRefjyKcHudkvdkeDEdkifiHrsm;u
wnfaxmifay;wJEh ikd if u H awmh Mother country; Motherland trdEikd if ?H
trdajr&,fvdkY ac:qdkMuygw,f/
ygVdbmompum;t& ]]rmwmydw-k trdtzud?k Oy|meHvyk af uR;
jcif;}} Take the responibility of looking after a parents trI[m?
trsKd ;bmomomoemudk Bu;D yGm;zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufcsr;f omapwJh r*Fvmw&m;
tppftrSefjzpfaMumif; wifjytyfygonf/
"r® 0 D & -oEÅ m
tjynf j ynf q d k i f & m ax&0g'Ak ' ¨
omoemjyKwuú o d k v f /
&mpkopf\ pdefac:rIrsKd;pkHukd Nidrf;csrf;aompdwf
&J&ifhwnfMunfaom avmutjrifjzifh
b0ukd &ifqkdifvsuf atmifjrifpGmjzwfoef;EkdifMuzkdY
"r®0D&*sme,f zwfMupkdU
 - -
THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA
20 "r®0D&onf tarGaumif;ay;Edkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/
(,cif t ywf r S t quf )
'k w d , 0g&t"d y Ü m ,f / / 0d w uf ?
0dpm&ESiw fh uGjzpfaomyxrpsmefcsr;f omonf&\ dS / xdyk xrpsmefü&Sad om
0dwuf? 0dpm&wdkYonf 'kwd,psefudk yGm;rsm;aomolrSm temqdk;?
a&m*gqd k ; BuD ; rnf u k e f \ / 'k w d , psef u d k yG m ;rsm;aomol u d k
qif;&J'ku©jzpfavatmif vGefpGmESdyfpufEdkifukef\/
Oyrm ElemBuD;ESihf 0dwuf? 0dpm&&Sdaom yxrpsmefokcudk
om,maom psmeeduEÅdwPSmonfwl\/ &Sm;rD;usD;cJESihf yxrpsmefokc
onf wl\/ ElemBu;D uif;&Si;f aomolEiS fh yxrpsme eduEÅw d PSm uif;&Si;f
NyD;aom a,m*Dyk*¾dKvfonf wl\/ xdkyk*¾dKvfrSm yxrpsmefokcü om,m
aom psmeeduEÅdwPSmuif;Nidrf;jcif;onf tvGefat;jr Nidrf;csrf;aom
oE´d|du edAÁmef 1 yg;rnf\/
(þum; 'kwd,0g& t"dyÜm,fwnf;/)
þenf;twdik ;f ElemBu;D OyrmESiw fh uG ae0onmemonm,we
psmefwikd af tmif tqift h qihq f akd v? eda&m"ormywfonfum; ESyd pf uf
n§i;f yef;rIukd jyKwwfaomw&m;r[kwaf yí {uEÅock 'd|"r® edAmÁ efrnf
\/
t"d y Ü m ,f c sKyf / / þygVdawmf0,f t"dyÜm,ftcsKyfum;
qdkcJhNyD;aom umr*kPfcsrf;om? yxrpsmefcsrf;om tp&SdonfwdkYonf
toD;toD;olwdkYukd om,maom wPSma&m*g&Sdckdufüom {uEÅokc
xif&ukef\/ txuftxufw&m;udk a&mufvdkaomolwdkYrSmrlum;
abmufaomufw&m;jzpfay:í aeonf&Sdaomf {uEÅ 'ku©jzpf\/
abmufaomufw&m;\ uif;jywfcsKyfNidrf;jcif;onfomvQif {uEÅokc
jzpf\/
abmufaomufw&m;\ csKyNf ird ;f jcif;rnfonfvnf; xdw k &m;
rHk&GmNrdK hr[mv,fwDwdkuf? u
v,fwDq&ma
a&;om;jyKp
v,fweD Ad mÁ efw
The Ledi Dham
b
-
MAHA THERA L
(edAmÁ e'DyeD) (Nibba-na Di-pan
(Continue from last week)
The meaning of the second va-ra
There is the happiness of the first jha-na coming together
with the initial thinking and the sustained application of mind
(vitakka, vica-ra). Those vitakka and vica-ra are the bad diseases of
those yogis who are developing the second jha-na. They can se-
verely torture them to be in danger, who are developing the sec-
ond jha-na.
Example
The leprosy is similar to the lust for Jha-na, Jha-nanikanti
tan.ha- that enjoys the happiness of the first jha-na which has initial
thinking and sustained application of mind. The amber of fire is
similar to the happiness of first jha-na. One who is free from that
leprosy is similar to the yogi who is free the lust for the first jha-na,
pathama jha-nanikanti tan.ha-. The state of being free from the lust
for the first jha-na in that person is a very peaceful sandit.t.hika
nibba-na.
[This is the meaning of the second va-ra]
In the same way, the example of leprosy should be sup-
plied to all successive jhanas up to the nevasan~~na-na-san~~na-yatana
jha-na. Where as the nirodhasama-patti is not the thing that tor-
tures the yogi; it is indeed the absolute happiness, dit.t.hadhamma-
nibba-na.
The essential meaning in this pa-l.i text
The said sensual lust happiness and the first jha-na hap-
piness, etc., appear to be real happiness only when there is the
disease of sensual lust to enjoy. But for those who wish to attain
to the higher and higher dhammas, the prevailing of the miscella-
neous dhammas will become indeed suffering. The cessation-
appeasement of the miscellaneous dhammas is indeed the abso-
 - -
THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA
"r®0D&onf avmuom;tm;vkH;\ ta&;t&mjzpfonf/ 21

usrf;jyKtausmf urÇmausmf
awmfbk&m;BuD;
pawmf
awmfrlaom

w&m;awmfrsm;
ma on Nibba-na
by
LEDI SAYADAW
i-= The Manual of Nibba-na)

wnf;[laom cHpm;zG,f? pHpm;zG,f\ uif;&Sif;jcif;? xdkw&m;udk cHpm;? lute happiness.

pHpm;aom yDwdaomreó okca0'emwdkY\ uif;&Sif;jcif;yifjzpfcJhí Since the cessation appeasement of miscellaneous
cHpm;zG,?f pHpm;zG,cf sKyu
f , G u f if;Nird ;f rI[al om oEÅo
d abmrsKd ;onfvnf; dhammas is also the overcoming of the suffering and enjoyment,
the freeing of those suffering and enjoyment of interest, delight-
{uefcsrf;omaom oabmrsdK;jzpfaywonf;[k odomxif&Sm;avaom
ful, pleasant feeling, p1-ti-somanassasukha vedana-; it is evident
aMumihf cHpm;? pHpm;rIr&Sdaom edAÁmef\vnf; {uEÅokcrsdK;rSefaMumif;udk that the overcoming of suffering and enjoyment, the cessation-
,HkMunfav;jrwf rSwfom;tyfonf- igh&Sif r[maum|du [lvdkonf/ appeasement, the nature of santi, is indeed absolute happiness.
(þum; e0u t*FkwådK&fvm t"dyÜm,fwnf;/) It should be noted that nibba-na is indeed the absolute happiness
a0'emoH , k w f v mt"d y Ü m ,f / / a0'emoH,kwfygVd without any suffering nor without any enjoyment, Ven. maha-
awmfü &[ef;wpfyg;onf tBuHjzpf\/ jrwfpGmbk&m;onf okca0'em? kot.t.hika.
.
[This is the meaning from the navaka-anguttara pa-li.]
'kua© 0'em? t'kur© okca0'em[lí a0'em 3 yg;udv k nf; a[mawmfrl
The meaning from vedana-samyutta pa-li.
onf/ In vedana-samyutta pa-li, a certain monk thought to him-
,HudÍöd a0',dwH? oAÁH wH 'ku©od® H/ self ''The Buddha has expounded the three kinds of feeling, namely
[lívnf; a[mawmfrlonf/ pleasant, unpleasant and indifferent feeling and
. . . . .
,HuÍd ?dö tvH;k pHak om/ a0',dw?H cHpm;jcif;? pHpm;jcif;trIonf/ ''yamkin~civedayitam, sabbam tam dukkhasamim=Whatever there
tw¬d? &Sd\/ oAÁH? tvHk;pHkaom/ wH? xdkcHpm;jcif;? pHpm;jcif;[lorQonf/ are feelings enjoyable or unpleasant they are all indeed suffer-
ing. Why does the Buddha expound this?" And when he asked
'ku©od® H? 'ku©csnf;omwnf;/ / (þum;teuf/)
the Buddha, the Buddha said:
tb,fudk &nfí þ ]],HudÍöd a0',dwH? oAÁH wH 'ku©od® H}} "sa-dhu sa-dhu bhikkhu tisso ima-bhikkhave vedana- vutta-
[laom pum;udak [mawmfral voenf;[k tBujH zpf\/ jrwfpmG bk&m;udk maya sukha- vedana-, dukkha- vedana-, adukkhamasukha-vedana- ima-
-
.
avQmufxm;av&m- tisso vedana- vutta- maya-; vuttam kho panetam bhikkhu maya-
. ~ . .
om"k om"k bdu©K wdaóm £rm bdu©a0 a0'em 0kwåm yamkin ci vedayitam, sabbam tam dukkhasamimti.tam khopeanetam
. .
bhikkhu maya- simkha-ra-nam yeva aniccatam sandha-ya bha-sitam
r,m okcga0'em? 'ku©m a0'em? t'ku©rokcg a0'em? £rm wdaóm . ~ . . .
yamkinci vedayitam, sabbam tam dukkhasammimti.
a0'em 0kwåmr,m? 0kwåH acg yae wH bdu©K r,m ,H udÍöd a0',dwH? . . .
tam khopeanetam bhikkhu maya- simkha-ra-nam khaya-
oAÁH wH 'ku©o®dEÅd/ . . .
dhammatam , vayadhammatam , vira- gadhammatam ,
. . .
wH acgyaewH bdu©Kr,m ocFg&meH a,0 tedpöwH oE¨m, nirodhammatam, viparina-madhammatam sandha-ya bha-sitam
. . .
bmodwH ,HudÍöd a0',dwH? oAÁH wH 'ku©o®dEÅd/ yamkin~ci vedayitam, sabbamtam dukkhasamimti.
 - -
THE 'LEDI' DHAMMA ON NIBBA NA
22 "r®0D&onf oEdÅokcodkY a&S;½Ijy|mef;onf/
wH acg yaewH bdu©K r,m ocFg&meH c,"r®wH? 0,"r®wH?
0d&m*"r®mwH? eda&m""r®wH? 0dy&dPmr"r®wH oE¨m, bmodwH ,HudÍöd
a0',dwH? oAÁH wH 'ku©od®EÅd/
[lí a[mawmfrlonf/
t"d y Ü m ,f u m;/ / cspfom;&[ef;..aumif;pG? aumif;pG?
igbk&m;onf a0'em 3 yg;udk a[monfvnf;rSe\ f / ]],HuÍd dö a0',dw?H
oAÁH wH 'ku©o®d H}} [laompum;udk a[monfvnf;rSef\/ xdk (2) yg;wdkY
wGif a0'emudk (3) yg;[lí a[monfrSm cHpm;jcif; tEkb0e tjym;
rQudk &nfí iga[monf/ tvHk;pHkaom cHpm;jcif;? pHpm;jcif;[lorQonf
'ku©csn;f [lí a[monfrmS ocFg&w&m;wd\ Yk tedpo ö abm? c,oabm?
0,oabm? 0d&m*oabm? eda&m"oabm? 0dy&dPmroabmudk &nfí
iga[monf [lvdkownf;/
vd k & if ; tcsKyf / / vdk&if;tcsKyfum; okca0'em? 'ku©a0'em?
Oayu©ma0'em[l&mü 'ku©csnf;ra[mrlí okc? Oayu©m yg&SdonfrSm
cHpm;rI txl;tjym;udk &nfía[mawmfrlonf/ / ]],HudÍöd a0',dwH?
oAÁH wH 'ku©o®d H}} [lí okc? Oayu©m wdkYukdvnf; 'ku©- [k a[mawmfrl
onfrSm xdkokc Oayu©mwdkYonf ocFg&"r®rsdK;jzpfMuukefí tedpöoabm
&SdMuukef\/ tedpöoabm[lonfvnf; okcr[kwf? 'ku©jzpfcJh\/ þodkY
aom 'ku©oabmudk &nfí cHpm;rI? pHpm;rI [lonf okc[lí wpfpHk
wpfckrQ r&Sd? 'ku©csnf;omjzpfonf[k a[mawmfrlavonf/
rkcs{uef wu,ftrSefudk jyqdkawmfrlaom opöm (4) yg;
t&müum; okca0'em? Oayu©ma0'em[lír&Sd a0'em[lorQonf 'ku©
trSefpifppfjzpfownf;/ 'ku©opöm trSeftppf {uefjzpfaom cHpm;rI?
pHpm;rI[laom a0',dwoabm a0'emoabm[lí t>rufavoHrQ
r&SdaomtwGufaMumihf tocFw r[medAÁmefBuD;udk ]]y&rokc}} [lí
qdk&onf/ csrf;omaom cHpm;rI? pHpm;rI[laom a0',dwoabm&SdcJh
onfjzpftHh? xdktocFwr[medAÁmefBuD;onf y&rokcrsdK;r[kwf? 'ku©rsdK;
om jzpfvwåHY/
edAÁmefpum;udk ajymqdkMu&mü cHpm;? pHpm;[laom toHudk
xnhfíajymqdkMuaomolwdkYonf edAÁmefudk uJh&JU½Iwfcsonf rnfukef\/
edAÁmef[lonf okcr[kwf? 'ku©omtrSefjzpf\[k qdk&ma&mufMuavukef
\/ t&Sifom&dykwå&ma[mawmfrlaom a'oempkESifhwuG þ ]],HudÍöd
a0',dwH? oAÁH wH 'ku©od® H}} [lí a[mawmfrlaom a'oemawmfudk
jrifMuojzihf yxru@ü jyqdkcJhaom a0',dwokc? oEÅdokc 2 rsdK;wGif
a0',dwokcrsdK; [lorQonf {uefpifppftm;jzihf okcyifr[kwf? 'ku©
csnf;omjzpfownf;/ oEÅdokcrsdK;omvQif {uefpifppftm;jzihf okcrsdK;
trSefjzpfownf;[k ,HkMunfav;jrwf rSwfom;tyf\/
(þum; a0'emoH , k w f v m t"d y Ü m ,f w nf ; /)
þwG i f a &G U um; ed A Á m ef \ csrf ; omyH k N yD ; \/
(quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf )
Meaning
"Bhikkhus, well done, well done, it is true that I have
expounded the three feelings, and it is also true I have expounded:
. . . .
''yam kin~ci vedayitam, sabbam tam dukkhasamim=what ever there
are feelings enjoyable or unpleasant, they are all indeed suffer-
ings." Of the two expressions, the three feelings are expounded
only with regard to the varieties of feelings. I have expounded
that all kinds of sufferings and enjoyments are all sufferings
because all the conditioned things sankha-ras, are impermenence
(anicca), perishing (khaya), vanishing (vaya), lustless (vira-ga),
cessation (nirodha) and changing (viparina-ma)."
The Essential Meaning
In the expression, pleasant, unpleasant and indifferent
feelings, not only the unpleasant feeling is included but also the
pleasant and the indifferent feelings are included in order to show
various kinds of feelings. Why the pleasant and the indifferent
. .
feelings are expounded as all are sufferings: ''yamkin~ci vedayitam,
. . .
sabbam tam dukkhasamim?," Because those pleasant and indif-
.
ferent feelings are all conditioned things, samkha-ras, are all im-
permanence. The sense of impermanence is also not pleasant; it
is merely suffering. In regard to the fact of this unpleasantness
''there is not at all happiness in the sense of feeling and enjoy-
ment, all are mere suffering," expounded the Buddha.
In the four noble truths which show the absolute reali-
ties, there are no such things are pleasant feeling and indifferent
feeling; whatever feelings they are, they are all indeed suffering.
For there is not any trace of suffering and enjoyment, the sense
.
of feeling, vedana-, in the asankhata maha-nibba-na, it is called
''paramasukha= the noble peace, happiness". If there is the sense
.
of feeling, suffering and enjoyment in the asankhata maha-nibba-
na, it will not be ''paramasukha= the noble peace happiness", it
will be merely suffering.
When talking about nibba-na, those who say that nibba-
na has the enjoyment and the suffering are just disgracing nibba-
na. It is the same as saying that nibba-na is not at all happiness,
that it is only suffering. Seeing the discourse of the Ven. Sa-riputta
. . .
and the discourse of the Buddha,"yam kin~ci vedayitam sabbam
.
tam dukkhasamim," the two enjoyable happiness and appease-
ment happiness, whatever enjoyable happiness, vedayita sukha,
which has been mentioned in the first chapter, is not indeed hap-
piness; it is merely suffering. Only the appeasement happiness,
santisukha, is indeed the absolute happiness. Thus it should be
noted with faith and confidence.
.
[This is the meaning from vedana-samyutla pa-l.i.]
[Here ends how nibba-na is absolute happiness.]
(To Be Continue)

rsuf E S m zk H ; rS t quf
ar;/ / ajymjyyg ]tb}/
ajz/ / ]]vlwikd ;f ? owå0gwdik ;f twGuf olwYkd
\ uH w nf ; [l a om tvk y f o nf ol w d k Y \
oHo&mc&D;wGif xyfcsyjf y|mef;NrjJ zpfv?Ykd vlwikd ;f
owå0gwdkif; tawG;rSm;? tjrifrSm;? tajymrSm;?
tvkyfrSm;r&Sdatmif? today;? owday;&if;
jzwfoef;csed w f efz;kd udk jri§ w fh ifzYkd rvdb k ;l vm;} vdYk
]olr} u ar;&if; tajz&SmvdkufrdMuygw,f/
'Dpum;[m tbeJY olrwdkYb0 jzwfoef;csdef
twGif; ajymjzpfcJhMuwJh oef;aygif;rsm;pGmaom
taMumif;t&mawGxJu ]olr} &JU aemufqHk;
ajymcJhwJh qE´wpfckjzpfygw,f/ ]olr} &JU qE´
udk jznfhqnf;EkdifzdkYtwGuf/
ar;/ / qufNyD;ajymygOD; tb/
ajz/ / wpfckawmh BudKwifajymxm;csifyg
w,f/
ar;/ / ajymyg tb/
ajz/ / 'Dvkd rde;f uav;udk taMumif;jyKNy;D
olr&JU qE´ukd jznfq h nf;zdq Yk akd yr,fh 'D*sme,fu
yk*v ¾ u d ykidf f ypön;f r[kwyf gbl;/ ax&0g'Ak'¨ "r®
w&m;tppfukd &SmrS;D usio hf ;kH vdw k hJ yk*Kd¾ vtf m;vH;k
ydik wf yhJ pön;f yg/ ]vdiI Mf unfjzL"r®0&D pmaywdu
e-library} udk yk*Kd¾ vw f pfO;D wpfa,muf tzGUJ
tpnf ; wpf & yf & J U tusKd ; pD ; yG m ;jzpf x G e f ; rI ?
xifay:rItwGuf wnfaxmifvu kd w
f m r[kwf
ygbl;/ ]]vdiI Mf unfjzL"r®0&D pmaywdu k }f }? ]]vdiI f
Munf j zL"r® 0 D & ynmyg&rD t axmuf t yH h
vk y f i ef ; }} qk d w mawG u ork w d e ,f y ,f u
ynwf p mom;? trnf e mr ouf o uf y g/
avmuxJrmS &SNd y;D avmutwGuf tvkyv
Communicate vk y f E d k i f a tmif trnf
onmay;xm;wmyg/ qdv k w kd mu uG,v
wpfO;D &JU pdwq f E´jy|mef;csu[ f m avmuom;
tm;vH k ; twG u f jzpf w ,f / 'D q E´ u d k ]ol r }
twGuv f nf; ynmyg&rDtaxmuftyHh jzpfap
&r,f/ avmuom;tm;vHk;zwf½I avhvmol
tm;vHk;twGufvnf; tusKd;wpfpHkwpf&m
jzpfap&r,fqw kd hJ cH,rl eI YJ zGUJ pnf; wnfaxmif
ay;Ny;D 'D]"r®0&D *sme,f}udk ynm yg&rDtaxmuf
tyHv h yk if ef;rsm;pGmteufu yifrvkyif ef;wpf&yf
tjzpf xkwfa0jzefYcsday;aewmjzpfygw,f/
ar;/ / tusK;d oufa&mufrI b,fv&kd EdS idk yf g
ovJ ]tb}/
ajz/ / ]vlwdkif; owå0gwdkif;? tawG;rSm;?
tajymrSm;? tvkyrf mS ; r&Sad tmif? today; owd
ay;Ekid zf Ykd tBu;D rm;qH;k pGr;f tm;[m Ak'\
trrsm; w&m;awmfrsm;jzpfNy;D 'Dw&m;"r®awGukd
"r®0D&onf Ak'¨\"r®w&m;awmf tppftrSefxGef;um;jyefhyGm;&efjzpfonf/
rvTrJ acsmf rwdr;f rapmif;&Sio f efaeapzdYk tpGr;f
aqmifEidk q f ;kH aom yk*Kd¾ vaf wGuvnf; Ak'&¨ UJ om;
&[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;? wynho f m0ursm;jzpfMu
ygw,f/ 'D Ak'&¨ UJ om;awmfawG? &[ef;awmfawG?
om0uawG? wynhfawG? omoemhtmZmenf
tavmif;tvsmawG? &[ef;yk*K¾d v-f vly*k Kd¾ vaf wG
aygufzGm;xGef;um;zdkYtwGufeJY ax&0g'Ak'¨
w&m;awGudk avmuom;rsm;&JU pdwfESvHk;om;
rsm;od k Y a&muf & S d u d e f ; atmif ; &S i f o ef a pzd k Y
]wwfpGrf;EkdiforQ o,fydk;Mur,f} qdkwJh tjrif
cH , l c suf e J Y 'D * sme,f e J Y e-libraryud k wnf
axmifvLS 'gef;vdu k w f mygyJ/ xda&mufwhJ tusK;d
w&m;awG tvGefrsm;ygw,f/ ydkvQHorQvnf;
vSLEkid yf gw,f/ vkyif ef;awGtm;vH;k udak wmh Mo0g
'tBuHÓPfawGcH,lum tzGJUzGJUNyD; o,fydk;ae
Muygw,f/
ar;/ / tcuftcJawGvnf; &SdrSmaygYaemf
tb/
ajz/ / tbtNrJajymovkdygyJ ]tcuftcJ
awG? jyóemawG? b0ifrusp&mawG? auseyf
p&mawG? rauseyfp&mawG? 'gudk tyxm;NyD;
rsufarSmufumvjzwfoef;csdefpuúefYem&DawGudk
k ef YJ tusKd;&Sdatmif oHk;EkdifzdkYom ESvHk;oGif;vkdufMu
wmygyJ}}/
ar;/ / *sme,fjzefYcsdwJhpepfeJY aMumfjim
pepfusihfoHk;rI odcsifygw,ftb/
ajz/ / yxrawmh pmtkyf^pmay a&mif;
cswJhqdkifawG? jzefYcsdwJhXmeawG ydkYay;NyD;jzefYyg
w,f? zwfcsifwJh yk*¾dKvfawG aps;BuD;ay;&wJh
'ku?© wpfcgwpf&H 0,fcsio f 0l ,fv&Ykd Ekid w f ahJ e&m
f yk Ef idk zf Ykd ra&mufwJhtcuftcJawG? awGU&wmrsm;vm
awmh pmaywdu k u f yJ? &efuek w f ikd ;f NrKd Ue,fawGrmS
f eG o f l &Sw
d hJ vrf;ab;qkid t f rsm;pkukd tyifyef;cHNy;D vdu
ydaYk y;aeygw,f/ yif&if;taeeJY ausmufww
NrdKUe,f? bPfvrf;? trSwf(50)? wwd,vTmrSm
pmaywdkufxkwfpmtkyfawGeJY *sme,fudk yif&if;
aps;eJY a&mif;ay;NyD;? 36 vrf;rSm&SdwJh rdk;aumif;
uifpmayeJY txufyikd ;f twGuf rEÅav; xGe;f OD;
pmayuwpfqihf yif&if;aps;eJYyJ jzefYcsday;aeyg
w,f/ &cdkifjynfe,fwdkY? &Srf;jynfe,fwdkY tjcm;
wdkif;eJYjynfe,f? NrdKUe,fawGua&m? y&d,wdå
pmoif w d k u f a wG ? y#d y wd å & d y f o mawG u a&m
rSmwmawGtwGufudkawmh p&dwfpuudk pmay
wdkufu cHNyD; ydkYay;ae&w,f/ zwfjzpf? avhvm
jzpfzdkYudkyJ t"duxm;wJhjzefYcsda&;pepfvdkY qdk&
rSmyg/
¨ tqH;k ar;/ / aMumfjimpepfua&mtb/
ajz/ /,cif u awmh aMumf j imtwG u f
DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
23
]tb}wdkY "r®0D&*sme,frSm ae&mray;cJhygbl;?
&Sm;&Sm;yg;yg; "r®rw d af qGwpfO;D ESpOf ;D &JU aMumfjim
yJ xnhfay;cJhygw,f/ 'gu Ethic *sme,fjzpf
aeawmh omoemawmfeJY "r®eJY avmueDwdwdkY
eJY jrefrmrIeJY? tjrihfqHk;[d&d? MowåyÜw&m;xdef;
EkdifzdkYtjrifeJYusawmh aMumfjimwdkif;xnhfzdkYcuf
ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh jrefrmhvlYtzGJUtpnf;&JU
,Ofaus;rIudk rxdcdkufEkdifwJh pD;yGm;a&;aMumfjim
tcsKdUudkawmh xnhfzdkY ]tb}wdkYpDpOfaeygNyD/
'gvnf; *sme,fxkwfa0jzefYcsdrI toHk;p&dwf
umrdapzdkYeJY aMumfjimxnhfwJh pD;yGm;a&;vkyfief;
&Sifrsm;twGufvnf; taxmuftyHhjzpfEkdifwJh
enf;vrf;udka&G;NyD; usihfoHk;oGm;rSmyg/
ar;/ / tvm;wl xkwfcJhNyD;jzpfwJh tjcm;
bmoma&; pmapmif? pmtkyfawG&Sdygovm;
tb/
ajz/ / xkwfNyD;pmtkyf pmapmifawG&Sdovdk
xkwfa0jzefYcsdzdkYpDpOfxm;wmawGvnf; &Sdyg
w,f/ avmu"r®&opmaytjzpf? q&mBuD;
od e f ; azjrih f tygt0if uavmif p H k w d k Y \
]wpfnwkef;uESihf n0w¬Kwdkrsm;? Nidrf;csrf;OD; &JU
]jzwfoef;csdefed'gef;}? ]jzwfoef;csdefed'gef;eJY
yxrydik ;f }? q&mBu;D wuúov kd of Qio f &D &d UJ ]urÇmh
vlom;rsm; udk;uG,f&mbmomBuD;rsm;ESihf t,l
tqrsm;}eJYtwl q&mawmfBuD;rsm;&JU jzefYcsdcJh
wJhpmtkyfpmapmifawG? qufNyD;jzefYcsdDrJh pmtkyf?
pmapmifawG trsm;tjym;&Sdygw,f/ avmu
om;awGeJY vlom;tm;vHk;&JU b0Nidrf;csrf;rIeJY
oHo&mc&D;rSm trGeftjrwfxm;usihfoHk;a&;
tod a y;oG m ;r,f h pmayygyJ v d k Y vd k & if ;
ajymcsif y gw,f /
ar;/ / pmrla&G;cs,fwJhpepfeJY tifwmeuf
k f rS owif;rsm;xnhfoGif;wJhpepfudk ajymjyay;yg
H m; tb/
ajz/ / pmrlawGtwGufu tbwdkY pmay
wdu k rf mS Ak'"¨ r®pmaytESpaf wG trsm;csn;f ygyJ/
&[ef;yk*¾dKvf? vlyk*¾dKvfawGu ay;ydkYcsD;jr§ihfwJh
pmrl a wG ? pmtk y f a wG v nf ; rsm;vS y gw,f /
*sme,frSm xnhfoGif;azmfjyay;EkdifwJh yrmPeJY
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 DHAMMA DEW
26 "r®0D&onf t"r®w&m;z,f&Sm;Edkif&ef jzpfonf/

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DEATH AND LIVING THOUGHTS
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27
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 DEATH AND LIVING THOUGHTS
28 "r®0D&onf Nidrf;csrf;aompdwfjzpfwnf&ef &Gnf&G,fonf/

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idkifae&Smawmh\/ aumif;rIukodkvfjyK&if qif;&Jom;yJ&rnf/ igwdkYESihf bmqdkifovJ[laom
ewfom;uvnf; td.k ..ukeo f nftaygif;wdYk ig ewfom;onf tawG;rsm;um; rSm;av\/ rdrdpdwfxJ ukodkvfpdwfjzpfrjzpf pdppfygav/
um; vljzpfap? rif;jzpfap? ewfjzpfap wpfa,mufa,mufu ESdyfpuf ukodkvfpdwfjzpfvQif ukokdvf&yg\/
r&Edkifay igonfum; wefcdk;BuD;yg\/ cPcsif; ta0;odkYvnf; vsifjref (quf v uf a zmf j yygrnf / )
 DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS
"r®0D&onf vkHhvjynfh0jcif;ESifh wnfMunf&J&ifhjcif;ukd jyqkdonf/ 29

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 DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
30 "r®0D&onf avmuD avmukwå&mtusKd;ESpfyg;twGuf jzpfonf/

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ausmif;bkef;BuD;udk ausmif;'g,umorD;u
igrBudKufeJY qHk;rovdk qHk;r&r,fhyHka&mufaeNyD}
DHAMMA VIRA FOR YOUTHS
"r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrIudk trSefuefqHk;azmfaqmif&ef jzpfonf/
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ausmif ; 'umvJ bk e f ; BuD ; auseyf
31
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l ]t&Sib f &k m;bJav ausmif;ar;vJ
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igYvSnf;? [dk[mar;vJ igY[m 'gar;vJ igY[mvdkY
ajzavawmh t&Sifbk&m;u OykofaeYw&m;
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owJh? ,ckarmifoDvmeE´rSmvJ ae&mwumrSm
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usif w pf c k jzpf v mzd k Y [ m oif u d k , f w d k i f y J
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ESvHk;oGif;rSefrIu qHk;jzwfay;oGm;wmygyJ/
taumif;qHk;ywf0ef;usifeJY xdawGU
qufqH&atmif oifudk,fwdkif ywf0ef;usif
aumif ; jzpf y gapvd k Y qE´ j yKvsuf . ..
owd k ; EG , f
 DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
32 "r®0D&onf b0&SifoefrI y"meukdy,fí tukokdvfuif;aom &SifoefrItwGufjzpfonf/
vdkcsifwm&&ef enf;vrf;rSef (1)
jrwfrSL;oGif
avmuBuD;xJwGif ycHk;ESpfzufMum;
acgif;aygufaeMuonhf vlom;csif; wlnDMu
aomfvnf; pdwfqE´jcif;um; vHk;0rwlnDMu
acs/ ta&mif t aoG ; pH k j c,f x m;onh f y ef ; csD
um;odEYk , S f vlw\ Ykd pdwq f E´onfvnf; ta&mif
taoG;pHv k o S nf/ ,if;vlom;rsm;pGmwdw
wd k Y j zpf c sif o nh f qE´ E S i h f jzpf a eaom b0
wpfxyfwnf;usol&SdouJhodkY wpfxyfwnf;
rusolwdkYonfvnf; &SdMuayvdrfhrnf/
,aeYumv 21- &mpkacwfBuD;xJ
wGif ½kyf0w¬Ktopftqef;ypönf;rsm;onfum;
rsm;pGmwd;k wufxeG ;f um;onfomru aygrsm;vS
\/ vdck sipf &m? ESpo f ufp&m? jrwfE;kd p&m ypön;f
topftqef;rsm; tvQyH ,f<u,f0vSaomfvnf;
vlwikd ;f vG,v f ,
G Ef iS rfh &Edik Mf uay/ cJc, J Of;,Of;
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vIyf&Sm;½kef;uefvsuf b0&yfwnfa&;twGuf
&SmazGMu&onf/ þodkY&SmazGMuaomfvnf; rdrd
wdkY vdkcsifonhft&mudk &olawG&SdMuouJhodkY
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&orQESifh a&mihf&JauseyfMu&olawGvnf; &SdMu
vd r f h r nf / vd k c sif w mud k & í 0rf ; omol a wG
0rf ; omaeMuovd k tjcm;wpf b uf ü vnf ;
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udk &SmazG&mü &zdkYcJ,Of;vSjcif;um; odom½HkrQ
wifjyvkdufjcif;om/
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wdo Yk nfvnf; &SMd uao;onf/ xdt k &mrsm;onf
vlom;tm;vHk;vdkcsifp&m? ESpfoufp&m? jrwfEdk;
p&mrsm;jzpfMuaomfvnf; ½kyf0w¬Kypönf;rsm;
uJhodkY ta&twGufrrsm;vSacs/ xdkt&monf
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jzpfaomfvnf; &zdkYum; cJ,Of;vGef;vS\/
xdk (4) rsdK;wdkYonfum; (1) csrf;om
jcif;? (2)tNcHt&Haygrsm;jcif;? (3) touf&Snf
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&ef &nfoefvsuf pepftrsdK;rsdK; vrf;pOftzHkzHk
wd k Y j zih f csrS w f \ / avmued A Á m ef y ef ; wd k i f o d k Y
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BuHqBudK;pm;cJhMuonfrSmvnf; csrf;omcsifMu
íyifjzpfonf/ csrf;omcsifí BudK;pm;aeMu
aomfvnf; tm;vHk;wajy;nDodkYum; ra&muf
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vSonhf csrf;omjcif;udk vlom;wdkif;vdkcsif
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(usihfpOf) aum &Sdyg\avm/ bk&m;&Sifonf
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csrf ; omEd k i f a Mumif ; enf ; vrf ; aumif ; ud k
ñTefMum;awmfrlcJhonf/ þusihfpOfenf;vrf;
um; tjcm;r[k w f / o'¨ g w&m;ES i h f jynh f p H k
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wdkY ,HkMunfMu&rnfenf;/ tajzum;- bk&m;?
w&m;? oHCm? &wemjrwfoHk;yg;? ur® (jyKvkyf
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 DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
"r®0D&onf udk,fusifhoDvESifh pm&dwåjrifhrm;ap&ef jzpfonf/ 33
 DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
34 "r®0D&onf rdrdudk,fudk apmifha&SmufEdkif&eftwGuf jzpfonf/
teD;ta0;
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u &dypf m;aerdco hJ nf/ onfvrkd sK;d tpGt J vef;udk
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]t&Sib f &k m; wynhaf wmfwYkd em;vnf
oabmaygufygNyDbk&m;}
trS e f w u,f v nf ; t&S d u k d t&S d
twdkif; yuwdudk yuwdtwdkif; jyufjyufxif
xifodjrifcJhygacsNyD/ onfw&m;yGJum; vGefpGm
rS tESpfom&&SdvSygbdawmh/ /
usrf;udk;/ / oCm#duPÖokwf/
eE´ m rd k ; Mu,f
ypöKyÜefoHo&mESpfjzmb0wGif cHpm;&rnfhta&;
udk BudKjrifonhftwGuf raumif;rIudka&Smifí
aumif;rIukd aqmif\/ ]]aumif;rIjrwfE;kd ? aumif;
atmifBudK;í? aumif;usdK;udk,fü wnf&Sdvmap
&ef BudK;pm;\/}}
csrf;omjcif;\ tajccHtkwfjrpfjzpf
onhf ay;urf;pGeBYf uv J LS 'gef;jcif;udjk yK\/ jyKvyk f
onh f uH t m;avsmf p G m ,ck a &m aemif y g
csrf;omjcif;tusdK;udk &&SdcHpm;&avawmhonf/
vuf&Sdb0ü ay;urf;pGefYBuJoltm; vlwdkif;ESpf
ouf vdv k m;MuonfrmS vnf; vufawGUrjiif;Edik f
onhf tcsufyifjzpfonf/
þtcsufrsm;udk axmufqMunhfyg
u jzpfav&mb0wdkif;ü csrf;omapaMumif;
enf;vrf;aumif;onfum; ,HkMunfrIo'¨gESihf
jynhpf akH tmifBuKd ;pm;&efyifjzpfaMumif; odomvS
onf/ xdkYaMumihfvnf; csrf;omcsifMuonhf
vlom;wdt Yk m; bk&m;&Sio f nf ]]o'¨gorÜ'g}} o'¨g
w&m;ESijfh ynhpf akH tmif BuKd ;pm;&rnf[k ñTeMf um;
awmfrlcJhjcif;omjzpfyg\/
jrwf r S L ;oG i f
 DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
"r®0D&onf vlrsKd;ra&G; bmomra&G;? vlom;rsKd;EG,ftm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/ 35

rdrdcifyGef;onf tif;0om; ppfxGuf
awmh ZeD;onfu ]]&efoludkEdkifatmif wdkufcJhyg
av}} qdkNyD; EIwfqufrSmMum;csuf uAsmav;
wpfck trSwt f om;jyKczhJ ;l ygw,f/ vifom;awG
ppfxGufawmh ZeD;onfav;rsm;u wdkufyGJudk
Edik af tmifom wdu k cf yhJ gavqdNk y;D rSmMum;tm;ay;
MuNrJjzpfygw,f/
cspfwJhol tif;0om;udk rSmMum;wJh
pmacG? &efolawGysufaMujyKef;atmif wdkufcJhyg
av/ &efolqdkEdkifatmifwkdufrS ppfom;wdkY
&nfrSef;csufatmifjrifygw,f/ atmifpdwfeJY
wdkuf&rSmyJ/ wdkufpdwfcdkufpdwf jyif;xef&r,f/
aemif ½ d k ; wd k u f y G J u d k M unh f & if atmif E d k i f p d w f
taMumif; yDyDjyifjyifazmfjyaeygw,f/ 'DvdkygyJ
udavomw&m;awG[mvnf; uReaf wmfwt
wd k u f c d k u f o wf j zwf a e&r,h f &ef o l B uD ; awG ?
ravQmhaomZGJeJY tvHrvSJ uRefawmfwdkY tEdkif&
wJhxdatmif aeYpOfeJYtrQ wdkufyGJawGqifETJae&
r,f/
]]tazBuD;vJ tckvdkat;at;aq;
aq;ae&awmh w&m;bm0emtvkyu f av;awG
vkyfEdkifwmayhg/ tazBuD;vJ pnf;pdrfOpömawG
jynfhpHkae&if nuvyfawGa&mufaerSmygyJ}}
aqGrsKd ;vdck ifaewJh vli,fwpfa,muf
u olYtazudka&SUwGifxm; ajymMum;vdkufawmh
uReaf wmftt hH m;oihf rSio f ufro d mG ;ygw,f/ Mo-
[kwfom;yJ/ ykxkZOfqdkwm pdwfcs&ao;wmrS
r[kwfwm/ pnf;pdrfOpömpwJh &m*wPSmawGudk
EdkifatmifwdkufzdkYqdkwm vG,fulwJht&mawmh
r[kwyf gbl;/ tdk r[kwaf o;ygbl;/ pnf;pdrOf pöm
awG jynhf0aygvQHaewdkif; nuvyfawG a&muf
Edkifatmifom wdkufcJhygav
aeawmhrmS wJv h m;/ ydu k qf b H ,favmuf csr;f om
csrf;om rysufpD;wJhvlawGvJ&Sdaeygao;w,f/
aemufNyD; ysufpD;zdkYtajctaeay;vdkY ysufpD;vk
qJqJ tcsdefrSm owdw&m;0ifaemufjyefqkwf
vkud Ef ikd o f al wGvJ trsm;Bu;D yg/ bk&m;vufxuf
rSmvJ&SdwmyJ/ ewfok'¨gxif&wmudk yg;pyf0
a&mufrS tqdyfrSef;odvdkY qifjcifrdvdkY axG;tef
pGefYvTwfEkdifcJhwJh Zmwfvrf;awGvJ trsm;BuD;/
wu,fawmh vdkcsifrIwPSm avmbwpfckudk
vH k ; axG ; owf y k w f N yD ; tEd k i f , l v k d u f j cif ; [m
udk,fhudk,fudk tEdkif,lvdkufjcif;jzpfygw,f/
avmuppfajrjyifrmS wdu k yf aJG wG t&mtaxmif
ru atmif j rif a tmif w d k u f E d k i f a omf v nf ;
ud, k u hf , kd uf kd Edik af tmif wdu k v f udk Ef ikd wf hJ wdu
Ykd NrJ urSomvQif wu,hfatmifyGJ tppftrSefyg/
okar"m&Sif&aohu ypönf;Opöm"e
csrf;omawGudk pGefYvTwfaomenf;eJY wrvGefudk
ygatmif ,lomG ;Edik cf w hJ ,f/ r[m'kwv
bk&m;qGrf;vkyfauR;&rIukodkvfudk b,f&wem
OpömawGerYJ S tvJtvnfrvkycf yhJ gbl;/ ypön;f Opöm
wd&Yk UJ ndK§ Uiifru I kd Edik af tmifwu kd Ef ikd cf w
hJ hJ atmifyJG
ygyJ/ wu,fawmh tavmif;awmf[m av;
oacsEF iS fh urÇmwpfoed ;f wdu k yf aJG wGukd Edik af tmif
wdu k cf yhJ gw,f/ awrdrif;vufxufrmS rufarm
zG,f&m rif;{u&mZfb0udk rvdkcsifvdkY vdkcsifrI
avmbudk tjywfwu kd cf whJ ,f/ bl&'d wfe*g;rif;
vufxufrSm a'gorsufapmif;av;wpfcsuf
a0hvkdufwmeJY tm;vHk;jymusoGm;EdkifaomfvJ
onf;cHjcif; cEÅDw&m;eJY wdkufyGJudk tEdkif,lcJhyg
w,f/
wdkufyGJudkEdkifatmifwdkufw,fqdkwm
wuúov
kd v
f aS rmif
EdkifatmifwdkufwJhenf;awGvJodrS &efolYtusihf
p½duk af wGvo J rd jS rifrS wdu k w
f t
hJ cg ZGeJ bJeYJ &Gwf
&Gwcf Recf Rev f J wku d rf yS g/ &efou l kd tEdik w
f ukd cf sif
&if &efo&l UJ oabmvu©PmawGuv kd J od&w,f/
wdkufenf;y&d,m,fawGvJ od&w,f/ vufeuf
cJ,rf; &dum© taxmuftulawGvJ jynfph &kH w,f/
udk,fhtiftm;olYtiftm;vJxnhfwGuf? wdkuf&
r,hf tcsdeftcgaumif; csOf;uyfvrf;aMumif;
awGvJ a&G;xm;aemufNy;D &efob l ,frmS vJ b,f
ae&mrSm&SdvJqdkNyD; &efoludkvJ tNrJ&SmazGae
&w,f/ aemufqHk; jyif;xefwJhatmifpdwfeJY
wdkufcdkufoGm;&ifawmh wdkufyGJwpf&matmifyGJ
wpf&mygyJ/
Oyuusawmh uHtusKd ;ay;uwpfrsKd ;?
trSefw&m;twGuf c&D;xGufvmayr,hf trSef
w&m;udk prf;w0g;0g;&SmazG&if; trSefw&m;ydkif
&Sif jrwfpmG bk&m;ESiv fh nf; awGUygvsuf bk&m;udk
vJ bk&m;[kwfavmufygayw,f[k [kwfEdk;
wpf0uf tod0ifcahJ omfvnf; bk&m;udak &SmifcmG
cJhrdw,f/ opömqdkwJh trSefw&m; usm;ukwf
usm;cJ BudK;pm;&if; ajcacsmfvJcJh&w,f/ rqm0g
&J U tm½H k a usmh u G i f ; rS m trd c H & if ; uav;
wpf a ,muf & cJ h w ,f / rqm0gav;&J U jiLpl
k yf JG apmif;ajrmif;rIaMumihf owdw&m;awG jyefvnf
wyfvefEY ;kd cJ&h Ny;D jrwfb&k m;xH tajy;0ifa&muf
vmcJh&mu wu,hfwdkufyGJBuD;udk tEdkifqifETJ
vdkufEdkifygawmhw,f/
f J jrwfpmG aygufjym;wpfvufukd pGrJ ufw, G w f m
rIaMumifh &[ef;0wfzdkY tBudrfBudrfBudK;pm;cJhwJh
v,form; aemufqHk;rSm wG,fwmcJh&wJh ayguf
jym; jrpfa&pD;Mum;vTihfypfvkdufNyD;rS toHukef
[pfa<u;vdkufygowJh ]]atmifNyD? atmifNyD?
atmifNy?D }} 'gaMumifh udavomeJ&Y ifqikd af wGUwJh
tcg EdkifatmifwdkufcJhzdkY ta&;BuD;vSygw,f/
oAÁnKwbk&m;&SifjzpfoGm;wJhtcg
jrwfbk&m;u wdkuf&efwdkufyGJr&Sdawmhygbl;/
udavom&efolrSeforQ Nidrf;at;oGm;ygNyD/
bk&m;rjzpfcifuawmh wdkufyGJawGudk jyif;jyif;
xefxefwu kd cf &hJ w,f/ a0óEÅ&mrif;vufxuf
wd k u f c J h w J h wd k u f y G J u awmh &if e mzG , f & m
pmrsuf E S m 38 ok d Y
 DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
36 "r®0D&onf t&G,foHk;yg; &[ef;&Sifvltm;vHk;twGuf jzpfonf/

rdwa
f umif;aqGreG f
aZmfaemif

Ä a&S;oa&mtcg? jynfAm&m?
jA[®'wfrif; rif;jyKcg/
Ak'¨avmif;vsm xdkpOfu?
awm&JUbk&if jcaohFb0/
Ä wpfaeYumvtcsdefrSm/
awmifxdyfay:rS vSrf;Munfh&m/
awGUjrif&yg onfjrifuGif;?
pdrf;vef;pdkajy jrjrufcif;/
Ä a&tdkiftwGif;wpfae&m?
rmaomñGefjyiftxufrSm/ cspfcifaygif;oif; aexkdifoGm;/
Ä aus;Zl;w&m; BuD;vSyg?
aygufaeygwJhonfjrufcif;? Ä umv&Snfvsm; Mumjrihfcg?
oihfaus;Zl;udk jyefqyfrSm/
ajracG;ç ,kefç aMumif pmusufuGif;/ om;orD;awG xGef;um;vm/
u,fomu,fyg tdkµ ajracG;?
Ä tJ'Djrufcif; wpfae&m? jcaoFhrSmvnf; om;ESpfa,muf?
jcaoFhatmfjrnfauR;/
orifwpfaumifjrufpm;yg/ ajracG;rSmvnf; om;ESpfa,muf?
Ä ajracG;awG;q vGwfvrf;wGif?
vSrf;jrifvkdufcg jcaoFhrif; olwdkYaysmf&Tif tvGef0rf;ajrmuf/
jcaohFrif;udk olu,fwif/
orifzrf;zdkY olckefqif;/ Ä pdwf½l;aygufNyD; wpfaeYrSm?
xdkpOfcgrS ]]rif;oD[}}
Ä tpmpm;&if; olYcrsm jcaohFru awG;rdyg/
toufab;rS vGwfajrmuf&/
aMumufvefYxGufajy;xdwfvefYpGm/ bmaMumihf olYvifta&;ay;
Ä tm;&0rf;om jcaoFhrSm?
aemufuvkdufvmjcaoFhrif; onfrdom;pkajracG;/
uRJwpfaumifudk owfum/
w[kefxdk;vQif t&Sdefjyif;/ Ä olYtawG;ü olYvif[m?
tom;udkyg xGifíay;
Ä tcif;rvS jcaohFrSm? ajracGrESihf NidpGef;um/
pm;yg udkajracG;/
t[kefwefpdrfh rwwfom/ 'gaMumihf olYvifta&;ay;
Ä tm;&yg& avG;NyD;um?
t&SdefvGefum xdef;r& ihgvifvkwJh onfajracG;/
om;wpf wpfwHk;olcsD&m/
ñGefxJudk jyKwfus/ Ä onftawG;eJY wpfaeYcg?
bmvkyfzdkYvnf; udkajracG;?
Ä ½kkef;ír& olYcrsm/ jcaoFhajracG; tpm&Sm/
jcaoFh olYudkar;/
ñGefüepfayhg &ufrsm;pGm/ tdrfrSmusef&pf jcaoFhr
Ä udkajracG;u jyefajzyg?
tpma&pm oljywfvwf ajracG;rtay: Adkvfus/
tdrfu &Sifrpm;zdkY&m/
&ufowå wpfywf/ Ä bmhaMumifh nnf;uonfudkvm?
,lyg,lyg udkajracG;
Ä xdkt&yfü vSnhfvnfum? bmaMumifhonfrSm aeç aeyg?
jcaoFholYudk tcGifhay;/
ajracG;wpfpHk tpm&Sm/ bmaMumihfonfu rcGmbJ?
Ä ajracG;jcaoFhtwlom?
a&mufívm ajracG;rsm; bmaMumihfonfrSm tae&J/
ajracG;rxHoGm;NyD;um/
olwdkYatmfoH jcaohFMum;/ Ä om;awGuvnf; Murf;wrf;pGm?
pm;apyg trJom;
Ä awmif;yefpum; jcaohFqdk? ajracG;av;awGudk rn§m/
ESpfodrfhqdkpum;/
ajracG;oem; u,fq,fvdk/ Ncdrf;umajcmufum olwdkYrJ
Ä vifr,m;ESpfa,muf olaqmif,l?
tdkµ 'gayr,hf olpOf;pm;? ajracG;av;awG rae&J/
rdrdteD;tem; wpfckaom*l/
jcaohFpm;&if rcufvm;/ Ä tJonhfjzpfaMumif; ukeftpOf?
twlwuG aexkdifoGm;?
Ä taMumufw&m; toify,f? ajracG;zdkudk ajymonfwGif/
cspfcifo'¨gyGm;/
uREfkyftoufudk toifu,f/ jcaoFhudkvQif ajracG;u
Ä tpm&SmoGm;Mu twlyif?
b,faomtcgrS oihftom; wzefjyefNyD; olajymjy/
udkajracG;eJY jcaoFhvQif/
uREfkyfjcaoFh b,frpm;/ Ä jcaoFhzdku xdktcg?
tdrfwGifusef&pf ZeD;r,m;

jcaohFrudk ac:,lum/
rif;uGmç bmvdkY onfvdkajym?
tawmfrkdufrJ vSoaum/
Ä igajymjyr,f [dkwpfcg?
ñGefüepfí ckepf&ufMum/
ajracG;a&mufvm u,fwifrS
rif;vif uREfkyf vGwfajrmuf&/
Ä onfajracG;u aus;Zl;&Sif?
rif;vifig\ toufocif
taqGcifyeG ;f aumif; wpfa,mufyif/
aemifwiG b f ,fawmhrS ihgrdwaf qGtm;?
ZeD;r,m;orD;om;?
rvkyfMueJY rcefYrjim;/
Ä jcaoFhpum;em;axmifum?
rdom;ESpfpk nDñGwfpGm/
aexkdifvm&m jyef&nfwGuf?
rsdK;qufckepfquf/ /
twd w f y H k & d y f
ajracG;ESijfh caoF[ h al om þ*kPZmwf
udk-
jrwfpGmbk&m; aZw0efausmif;awmf
üaepOf? t&SiftmeE´mrax&f ykqdk;wpfaxmif
&jcif;udk taMumif;jyKí a[mMum;awmfrljcif;
jzpfygonf/
t&Sit f meE´mrax&fonf aumov
rif; eef;awmfwGif w&m;awmfudkoifay;pOf?
wpf xnfukd tojymwpfaxmifwefaom ykq;kd
wpf a xmif u d k aumovrif ; BuD ; tm;
vma&muf quf o Muonf / rif ; BuD ; onf
xdkykqdk;wdkYrS ykqdk; ig;&mudk rdzk&m;ta,muf
ig;&mtm; wpfxnf pDay;\/ usefaomig;&m
ud k r l od r f ; qnf ; íxm;\/ rd z k & m;wd k Y u
xd&k aom ykq;kd ig;&mud?k &Sit f meE´m rax&ftm;
vSLvku d Mf uonf/ rif;Bu;D u xdyk q k ;kd topfwuYkd kd
rd z k & m;wd k Y w pf a ,muf r S 0wf q if o nf
rawGU&vQif? rdzk&m;wdkYtm; tusdK;taMumif;
udk ar;\/ rdzk&m;wdkYuvnf; &SiftmeE´m
rax&f u d k v S L vd k u f a Mumif ; trS e f t wd k i f ;
rif;BuD;udk avQmufxm;Muonf/ rif;BuD;onf
txnfig;&mpvHk;udk tvSLcHoGm;&oavm[k
t&Sit f meE´mrax&fxo H mG ;um taMumif;pHu
avQmufxm;ar;jref;awmfrlonf/ &SiftmeE´m
rax&f u rif ; BuD ; ud k pd w f & S n f v uf & S n f
taMumif;tusKd ;udk &Si;f jy\/ ¤if;udk vSL'gef;Mu
aom ykq;kd wdu Yk kd ouFe;f csKd UwJoh nhf oHCmawmf
rsm;ud k rd r d u jyef í vS L &rnf j zpf a Mumif ; ?
'g,d u m 'g,d u mrwd k Y u &[ef ; wd k Y u d k
vS L 'gef ; aom yk q d k ; wd k Y o nf tcsnf ; ES D ;
DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES
"r®0D&onf pdwfzdpD;rI uif;a0;aponf/
tv[ó rjzpf a Mumif ; ? 'k u k # f a [mif ;
jzpf a om ouF e f ; wd k Y u d k ud k , f 0 wf j yK?
ud k , f 0 wf r S a[mif ; oG m ;u oif ; yd k i f j yK?
oif ; yd k i f r S a[mif ; oG m ;vQif td y f & mvT r f ; jyK?
xdkrS a[mif;oGm;vQif ajrtcif;jyK? ¤if;urS
xyf í a[mif ; oG m ;yg uvnf ; ajcok w f
0wf j yK? ajcok w f 0 wf r S a[mif ; EG r f ; oG m ;
vQif v nf ; ? xd k a jcok w f a [mif ; ud k yJ c G y f
jzih f p if ; NyD ; ajrES i h f e ,f u m ausmif ; ü
ajrusOf vd r f ; usH j cif ; ud k j yK\- [k
rd e f Y a wmf r l \ / igwd k Y t m;
vS L 'gef ; aomouF e f ; onf toH k ; jyKí&orQ
igwd k Y j yKjyif o H k ; pG J o G m ;onf o mjzpf \ -[k
qufvufrdefYMum;avonf/
xdkodkYrdefYMum;aomtcgrS aumov
rif;BuD; pdwfwGif&Sif;oGm;um o'¨gaygufNyD; ¤if;
od r f ; xm;onh f usef a omyk q d k ; ig;&mud k y g
&Sit f meE´mrax&ftm; xyfrí H vSL'gef;vku
d af v
onf/ &Sit f meE´mrax&fonf yxr&xm;aom
ykqdk;ig;&mudk csdKUiJhaom &[ef;wdkYtm; a0iSvkduf
onf/ aemufrSxyf&aom ykqdk;wdkYudkrl? twlae
&[ef;ig;&mxJrS? ausmif;\a0,sm0pöt00udk
atmuf a jcod r f ; tuk e f a qmif & G u f a y;onh f
&[ef;i,fuakd y;\/ xd&k [ef;i,fu wzef- ¤if;
ESihfOyZÑm,fwljzpfukefaom &[ef;wdkYtm; a0iS
ay;avonf/ xdktaMumif;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;
xH a&mufoGm;\/ xdktcg bk&m;&Sifu tmeE´m
rax&fonf rsufESmvdkufí xdk&[ef;i,ftm;
ay;jcif;r[kwf/ xdk&[ef;i,frSm &SiftmeE´mudk
aus;Zl;rsm;pGmjyK\/ xdaYk Mumiho f mvQif &Sitf meE´m
u aus;Zl;jyKxdkufoltaejzihf ay;jcif;jzpf\/
a&S;uynm&SdwdkYuvnf; rdrdudk aus;Zl;jyKzl;ol
udok mvQif aus;Zl;wHjYk yef\[k rdeMYf um;awmfr&l m
&[ef;wdkYu awmif;yefaomaMumihf ,ckZmwf
udk a[mMum;awmfrljcif;jzpfygonf/
a&S;oa&mtcgu Am&mPoDjynfü
jA[®'wfrif; rif;jyK\/ xdkpOf bk&m;tavmif;
awmfonf jcaoFb h 0üjzpfavonf/ wpfaeYwiG f
jcaoFhonf awmifxdyfay:rSaeí ywf0ef;usif
odkY vSrf;Munhfaomf? pdrf;vef;pdkajyaom jrufcif;
k kd BuD;wpfckudk awGUjrif\/ ¤if;jrufcif;rSm a&tkdif
BuD; wpftdkif\ rmaomñGefjyifBuD;txufü
aygufa&mufaejcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh udk,f
cE¨mBuD;rm;av;vHaomowå0grsm; vma&muf
Mujcif;r&SdyJ? ajracG;ç ,kefç aMumif tp&Sdaom
owå0gi,frsm;avmufom vma&mufusufpm;
Muavonf / xd k j ruf c if ; wpf a e&mü orif
wpf a umif pd w f a t;vuf a t; jruf E k w d k Y u d k
37
pm;ae\/ ¤if;udk awmifxdyfrSMunhfaeaom
jcaoF h u vS r f ; íjrif o nf / jcaoh F o nf
awmif a y:rS ajy;qif ; um? vsif j ref a om
t[k e f j zih f orif i ,f u d k vd k u f í zrf ; \/
orifi,fu aMumufaMumuf vefYvefYjzihf
a&S U uajy;? jcaoF h u vnf ; aemuf r S
tajy;vkdufavonf/ þodkYjzihf jcaohFonf
¤if ; \jyif ; aomt&S d e f u d k rxd e f ; Ed k i f a wmh y J ?
ñGefaysmhtwGif;odkY uRHíusum ñGefüepfav
awmhonf/ jcaohFonf tiftm;BuD;rm;aom
owå0gjzpfaomfjim; þñGefwGif;rS vGwfajrmuf
atmif rpGr;f aqmifEikd af wmhNy/D xdaYk Mumifh jcaoFh
onf ckepf&ufvHk;vHk; tpmiwfa&iwfjzpfí
ae\/ ckepf&ufajrmufaomaeYü jrufcif;odkY
qif;vmaom ajracG;wdkY\toHudk olMum;&
onf/
ajracG;wdu Yk vnf; u,fyg,lyg wpm
pmatmfaeaom owå0gwpfaumif\toHudk
Mum;Mu&onf/ xdkYaMumihf ajracG;wdkYonf
toHvm&mbufodkYoGm;a&mufMunhf½I&m? ñGef
epfaeaom jcaoFhwpfaumifudkawGUMu&onf/
jcaoFhu ¤if;\toufudku,fwif&ef ajracG;
tm;awmif;yef\/ ajracG;u oem;í u,f
q,fcsifaomfvnf; jcaoFu h kd aMumuf&UHG íae\/
olu u,fq,fvu kd í f uke;f ay:a&mufvmygrS
olu Y kd udu
k of wfpm;vQi'f u k /© ajracG;onf csw D kH
cswHkjzpfíaeonf/ þonfudk jcaoFhu&dyfrd
NyD;? ¤if;udkraMumuf&ef? ol\toufudkom
u,fwifyg/ oif\toufudkrowf? oif\
tom;udkvnf; rpm;yg/ tu,fíoifom
uREfkyfudk u,fwifay;ygu oif\aus;Zl;udk
wpfoufv;kH rarhyg/ oif\aus;Zl;u Bu;D rm;vS
ygonf/ oifhudkus;Zl;wHkYjyefygrnf[k qdkav
onf/ ajracG;uvnf; oem;ojzih?f jcaohv F wG f
&mvGwfaMumif;udk pOf;pm;&SmazGNyD; jcaoFhudk
ñGefwGif;rS q,fulu,fwifEdkifcJhavonf/
jcaoFhonf ajracG;\aus;Zl;udk ,ck
csucf si;f qyfvo kd jzih?f uRw J pfaumifuo kd wfNy;D ?
tom;udyk if xGiaf y;um? auR;arG;jyKpak vonf/
ajracG;onf pm;aomufNyD;aomf? tom;wHk;
wpfwHk;udk udu k cf síD ,laomf? jcaoFu h bmaMumihf
þodkY,l&oenf;[kar;\/ ajracG;u tdrfu
tdrf&Sifrudk auR;vdkojzihf ,l&ygonf[k ajym
aomtcg? ,lciG jfh yKNy;D xdak jracG;ESit fh wl? ajracG;
rxHoYkd jcaoFo h nfvnf; vku d yf goGm;avonf/
jcaoFhonf ajracG;r&Sd&modkYa&muf
u? aumif;rGeaf omtrJom;wdu Yk pkd m;apNy;D ? olwYkd
vifr,m;ESpfa,mufvHk;udk? olwpfoufvHk;
 DHAMMA V IRA ARTICLES
38 "r®0D&onf csrf;ajrhaysmf&TifrItwGuf jzpfap&onf/
vkyfauR;ygtHh[kajymNyD;? ¤if;ae&mt&yfodkY
ac:aqmifomG ;avonf/ jcaoFo h nf ¤if;ae&m
*lteD;wGif&Sdaom *lwpfckü ajracG;vifr,m;
udk ae&mcsxm;ay;vku d of nf/ xdo k jYkd zihf ajracG;
vifr,m;ESihf jcaoFhvifr,m;wdkY oifhjrwf
aysm&f iT pf mG aeMu\/ umvMumvQif ajracG;rESifh
jcaoFhrwdkY om;orD;xGef;um;Mu&m? ajracG;u
vnf; om;ESpfaumif? jcaoFhuvnf; om;ESpf
aumifyifjzpf\/ ajracG;uav;wdkYESihf jcaoFh
uav;wdrYk mS upm;azmfupm;zufrsm;jzpfvmNy;D
rdom;pkESpfck cspfcifaysmf&TifpGmaeMuygonf/
wpfaeYwiG rf l jcaoFrh onf þodaYk wG;
rd\/ ighvifjcaoFhonf xdkajracG;rdom;pkudk
ta&;ay;vGef;\/ þonfrSm ihgvifjcaoFhESihf
ajracG ; rwd k Y Nid p G e f ; aeMu&ojzih f j zpf r nf /
xdkYaMumifh jcaoFhronf? jcaoFhESihfajracG;wdkY
tpm&SmoGm;cdkuf? ajracG;rtm; trsdK;rsdK;pGyfpGJ
ajymqdkum? onfrSmraeEdkif&ef ESifxkwfav
onf/ rdcifjcaoFhrBuD;u ajracG;rudk Edkifxuf
pD;eif;ajymqdkESdyfpufouJhodkY? jcaoFhuav;wdkY
uvnf;? ajracG;r\om;? ¤if;wdkYESifhupm;zuf
jzpfaom ajracG;uav;wdkYudk ESdyfpufavonf/
xd k t aMumif ; ud k ajracG ; ru ol Y c spf v if u d k
jzpfaMumif;ukefpifajymjy\/ ajracG;zdku wzef
jcaoFBh uD;udk ajymjyvQi?f jcaoFBh u;D onf ajracG;r
udk ac:,l ppfar;avonf/ ajracG;rudk ppfar;
NyD;aomf jcaoFhrtm; ajymjy\/ ]]igckepf&ufrQ
tdrfodkYjyefra&mufonfudk oifrSwfrdoavm/}}
xdktcg jcaoFhru rSwfrdaMumif;ajym&m? bm
aMumihf þodkYjzpf&onfukd oifodoavm[k
xyfíar;&m? jcaoFhru rodygaMumif;ajym\/
xdt k cgrS jcaoFrh if;u ñGeef pfíae&m ckepf&uf
vHk;vHk; tpma&pm rpm;&yJjzpfae\/ oihfvif
jcaoFhBuD;ihgudk u,fwifay;cJhonfrSm onf
ajracG;jzpf\/ þajracG;onf ig\toufudk
u,fwifoljzpfí ig\taqGcifyGef;aumif;
wpfa,mufwnf;/ xdkYaMumihf þ,aeYrSpí
ihgrdwfaqGtm; vnf;aumif;? ihgrdwfaqG\ZeD;
r,m;tm;vnf;aumif;? ¤if;wd\ Yk om;orD;rsm;
tm;vnf ; aumif ; ? raxrJ h j rif r jyKvif h [ k
qHk;rwm;jrpfawmfrlonf/ xdktcsdefrSpí jcaoFh
rdom;pkESihf ajracG;rdom;pkwdkY cspfcspfcifcif
pnf p nf ; vH k ; vH k ; aexd k i f v mMu&m? rd b wd k Y
uG,v f eG o f mG ;Muaomfvnf;? ¤if;wd\ Yk om;orD;
rsm;wdo Yk nf rdbvufxufutwdik ;f tciftrif
rysuf a&S;utwkdif; qufvufaexdkifoGm;
Muonf/ þodkY jcaoFhESifhajracG;wdkY oifhjrwfpGm
aygif ; pnf ; aexk d i f o G m ;Muonf r S m rsd K ;quf
ckepfqufrQyifjzpf\/
Zmwfaygif;u- xdktcgu ajracG;rSm
,ck &SiftmeE´mjzpfNyD;? xdktcgu jcaoFhrSm
,ck igbk&m;yifjzpf\[k Zmwfaygif;awmfrlyg
onf/
usrf ; ud k ;
*k P Zmwf ?
ig;&mig;q,f Z mwf e d y gwf a wmf
(anmif u ef q &mawmf )
aZmf a emif
pmrsuf E S m 35 rS
taumif;vSqHk;vdkY xifygw,f/ tvSLcHykPÖm;
u om;awmforD;awmfwu Ykd kd n§i;f yef;ESyd pf ufcef;
rSm usdwfrSdwfonf;cHaomfvnf; oHvsufawmf
vufwpfopfpm qGJxkwfrd&ufom; jzpfoGm;yg
ao;w,fw/hJ ZeD;r,m; orD;om;qdw
awGrajymygESihf? t*Fgtpdwftydkif;awG touf
awGaomfrS cGJxkwfqkwfacs atmifyGJqifEdkifa&;
yifyef;BuD;pGm BudK;pm;cJh&ygao;w,f/
"r®y'rSm trsuu f tkd rsurf xGujf cif;
jzih f o m atmif E d k i f & m\/ raumif ; onf u d k
aumif;rIjzihfom atmif&m\/ wGefYwdkrIudk
ay;urf;rIjzifh atmif&m\/ rrSefuefjcif;udk
rSefuefjcif;jzifh atmif&m\wJh/ bk&m;a[mwJh
a'oempum;av;wpfcGef;u ]]twå[a0ZdwH
aoa,sm}} [a0-pifppftrSef{ueftm;jzihf
ud, k uhf ,kd uf kd tEdik , f w l ahJ tmify[
wJ/h 'gaMumifu h , kd [ fh mud, k t f ½I;H ay;&wJh ½I;H yG[ J m
tepfemqHk;? olrsm;t½IH;ay;&wm tyg,frus
bl;/ udk,hf[mudk,ft½IH;ay;&wm tyg,fus
w,f/ 'Dawmh Edkifatmifwkdufygqdk&if udk,fh&JU
&efoltppftrSefudk &SmazGwwf&r,f/ tNrJvJ
&efoludk &SmazGae&r,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;uawmh
av;oacsFeJYurÇmwpfoed ;f vH;k &efou
wmyJ/ aemufq;kH rS wPSmqdw k &hJ efoul akd wGUwm/
]][,f wPSmvuform;? oifhudkig av;oacsF
eJY urÇmwpfodef;vHk; &SmazGcJhw,f/ tckawmh
ihgcE¨mtdrfudkwnfaqmufcJhwJh oifvuform;
tckawmh oifaqmufcGifhr&awmh}} vdkY BuHK;0g;cJh
ygw,f/
&ef o l t &if ; tjrpf u wPS m yg/
wPSmudkEdkifatmifwkduf&rSmyJ/ a0'emypö,m
wPSmwJ/h a0'emav;udk wPSmuqGaJ c:w,f/
wPS m ac:&maemuf r vd k u f r d z d k Y vd k y gw,f /
wPSmeJYtqufjzwf rsufacsjywfatmif 0D&d,
xm; BuKd ;pm;zdv Yk ykd gw,f/ rsupf ad v;u tqif;
av;udk jrifw,f? tqif;av;u vSw,f/ £|m
½Hkav;? 'Dae&mrSm wdkufyGJpNyD/ 'Dtqif;av;udk
BuKd uo f mG ;Nyv
D q Ykd v kd u dk wf meJY wPSmavmbqdw
&efov l HpS yG xf ;kd wyfom;awGukd ud, k pfh cef;uke;f ay:
a&mufvmNyDvdkY rSwfvkdufawmh/ rif;½IH;NyD? rif;
pcef;usomG ;Ny?D Edik af tmifom wdu k cf yhJ gavqdw k hJ
tif;0u rif;&JUcspfolav;rSmMum;vkdufwmawG
oJxJa&oGefjzpfukefNyD/
Ed k i f a tmif b,f v d k j yef w d k u f r vJ /
avmbwpf c suf 0 if & if avmb0if w ,f v d k Y
½IrSwfvkdufyg/ ]]o&m*pdwåH o&m*pdwåHwd yZm
emwd}} &m*0if&if &m*0ifw,fvYkd ½Irw S vf u dk yf g/
0ifvmwJh cHpm;rIa0'emav;[mvJ rNrJbl;vdkY
½Irw S v f u dk yf g/ jzpfNy;D &if ysuo f mG ;wmyJ/ a0'em
av;ay:vmw,f? a0'emav;aysmufomG ;w,f
vdkY rSwfvkdufwJhtcg wPSm0ifrJhtpm; r*fpdwf
0ifvmygw,f/ a&SUujzpfysuf aemufur*fvu dk f
w,f/ wPSmvkdufcGihfr&awmhbl;/ 'Dtcgus
k hJ jyifyZ*Fr awmh BudKufw,fqdkwJh avmbwPSmav;
pcef ; xJ r S m axmif x m;wJ h an§ m if h a wG p l ; vd k Y
aooGm;&NyD/ &efolawGwyfvefoGm;NyD/ oif
atmifEdkifrItvHudk vTihfxlEdkifvkdufNyD/
oHo&mwpfcGifvHk; wdkufcdkufcJh&wJh
wdkufyGJawGrSeforQ uRefawmfwdkY ½IH;yGJawGeJY
csnhfBuHKcJh&ygw,f/ aAxdqdk uRefawmfwdkY uGJNyD?
bmjzpfvdkYvJ? uRefawmfwdkYrSm t0dZÆmtarSmif
BuD;u zHk;vTrf;xm;awmh bmudkrSrjrif&bl;/
&efou l tarSmifxu J tuef;udk wpfbufowf
ppf c if ; vd k Y Ed k i f c sif o vd k E d k i f a eawmh w myJ /
JG m tjrwfq;kH uRef a wmf w d k Y wyf r uf r I w PS m jzpf a pwJ h
umr*kPfw&m;awGudk jrif&r,f/ wu,f&Sdwm
awGr[kwf txiftjrifawGrQomyJ? ynwfawG
rQomjzpfw,fvrYkd jrifbJ igjrifw,f igMum;w,f
qdNk y;D rmeawGwufaejyefw,f/ ig[kwyf EJ iS hf ig
t,l tpGJawGu ckdifcdkifrmrmjzpfaejyefw,f/
'DwPSmrme'd|u d uReaf wmfwu Ykd kd qGyJ wfarTU&rf;
l &kd mS azGchJ aewm ]]ig}} qdw k hJ ouúm,'d|t d pGrJ aysmuforQ
wdkufyGJ0ifcsifoavmuf0if ½IH;aerSmyJ/
xdaYk Mumihf Edik af tmifomwdu k cf yhJ gav
qdkwJh a&Ttif;0olav;&JU rsufESmudkjrifa,mif?
atmif&r,fqdkwJh t"d|mefcsufawGudkydkif;jzwf?
ay:vmorQxif&Sm;&mtm½HkawGudk ½IrSwfoGm;
EdkifpGrf;&Sd&ifjzihf wkdufyGJwpf&matmifyGJwpf&m
atmifjrifavrSm rvGyJ g[k wifjyvdu k &f ygonf/
wuú o d k v f v S a rmif
k hJ
 DHAMMA VIRA ARTICLES
"r®0D&onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fquftwGuf jzpfonf/ 39

2 ]]avmuNird ;f csr;f rIEiS hf om,mpnfyifzNYGH zKd ;wk;d wufr&I &Sad p&ef}} Ak'¨ "r®w&m;xGe;f um;a&;? avmuygvw&m;ukd avmuom;tm;vk;H
ESvkH;oGif;vufcHusifhokH;EkdifMuapa&; vkdtyfygrnf/
2 þpmrsuEf mS ae&mwGi?f q&mBu;D OD;a&Tatmif\ ]]Ak'a¨ vmuom;wk\ Yd tEIid ;f rJah us;Zl;&Sif (uk,
d u
f siAhf 'k 0¨ if)}}rS yg&rDawmfrsm;ukd
jznfhusifhawmfrljcif;}} tykdif;\ tESpfxJrS tESpftpktcsKdUukd zwfrSwfvG,fulusifhokH;Ekdifap&ef a&G;xkwfazmfjyjcif;jzpfygonf/
t,f'DwmtzJGY

ajzmifhrSefjcif;ESpfrsKd;
odNyD; ,if;\trnfukd pdwfxJu r&GwfqdkEdkifvQif ,if; todonf
]opöm}[lonf jrefrma0g[m&tm;jzifh ajzmifrh eS jf cif;jzpf\/ w&m;0ifaom todr[kwf/ xdkYaMumifh w&m;0ifaomtod[lonf
rSefjcif;[lívnf; qkd\/ rSefjcif;wGif ajzmifhrwfjcif;oabmonf pum;vHk;udk pdwfxJu &Gwfqkdjcif;yif jzpfonf [líqkd&\/
yg0if\/
xd k Y a Mumih f o pö m ud k ajzmif h r S e f j cif ; [l í qk d j cif ; jzpf \ / opö m rJ h j c if ;
ajzmifrh eS jf cif;onfvnf; ESprf sK;d &djS yef\/ tajymESit hf vkyf a&SUaemuf
nDñGwfjcif;onf ajzmifhrSefjcif;wpfrsKd;jzpf\/ ,if;udk ]OZk}[lí trSeftm;jzihf bmudkyJ BuHpnfBuHpnf pum;vHk;jzihfom
ygVda0g[m&tm;jzihf qkd\/ BuH p nf & \/ xd k Y a Mumif h pum;vH k ; onf tod \ ud k , f x nf
uHtm; jzihfqdk&vQif um,uHESifh 0pDuHwdkY a&SUaemuf jzpfonf[lí qkdjcif;jzpf\/ pum;vH k ; onf tod \ ud k , f x nf
nDjcif;? wpfajzmifhwnf;usjcif;jzpf\/ um,uH? 0pDuHESifh raemuH jzpfvQif todonf pum;vHk;taejzifh toH&dS\/ odkY&mwGif Xmef?
wnf;[laom uHoHk;yg;wdkY a&SUaemufnDjcif;onf tjcm;aom u½dkPf;? y,wfwdkYESifrqHkaomaMumifh toHawmhrxGuf? toH
ajzmifhrSefjcif; wpfrsKd;jzpf\/ ,if; ajzmihfrSefjcif;udk ]ok[kZk}[lí rxGufaomfvnf; xdkpum;vHk;\toHudkrl rdrd udk,fwdkifESifh
ygVda0g[m&tm;jzifh qdk\/ ]OZk}udk ajzmifhrwfjcif;[k qdk&vQif wefc;kd &Sirf sm;omMum;Mu\? odMu\/ tjcm; omrefvrl sm;rMum;Mu?
]ok[kZk}udk tvGefajzmifhrwfjcif; [líqdk&\/ rodMu/
xd k Y a Mumif h omref t jcm;vl r sm;tm; Mum;Ed k i f a p&ef
opö m &d S j c if ; rdr\d pdwx f uJ pum;vHk;rsm;udk azmfxkwfajymaomtcg pdwfxJu
pum;vHk;ESifh EIwfupum;vHk;onf tcsif;csif;rnDbJ &dSEdkif\/
pdwrf pS í jzpfNy;D aemufro S mvQif qkid &f m qdik &f m um,uHr?I xdkYtjyif EIwfuajymaompum;vHk;twdkif; udk,furvkyfbJvnf;
0pDurH w I o
Ykd nf oifah vsmo f vdk jzpfMu\/ xdaYk Mumifh pdwrf mS jzpfjcif; &dSEdkif\/ þodkY a&SUESifhaemuf rnDrñGwfjzpfjcif;udkyif ]opömrJhjcif;}
ESifh EIwfrSmjzpfjcif;wdkYonf a&SUaemufnDñGwfzdkYvdk\? wpfajzmifh [lí qkd&\/
wnf;uszdkYvdk\/ xdkYtwl EIwfrSmjzpfjcif;ESihf udk,frSmjzpfjcif;
wdkYonfvnf; a&SUaemufnDñGwfzdkYvdk\? wpfajzmifhwnf;uszdkYvdk\/ "r®udkopömazmufjcif;
xkduJhodkY wpfajzmifhwnf;usjcif;? a&SUaemuf nDñGwfjcif;
udyk if ajzmifrh eS jf cif;[lívnf;aumif;? opöm&djS cif;[lívnf;aumif;? opöm[lonf wefzdk;BuD;\/ xdkYaMumihf vlwdkYonf avmu
½dk;om;jcif;[lívnf; aumif; qdk&\/ a&;&müjzpfap? "r®a&;&müjzpfap opöm0wf½Hkudk NcHKcsifMu\/
odkYr[kwfygu opömrJhjcif;jzpf\/ opöm &dSjcif;udkom opöm\toGifudkjycsifMu\/
opömyg&rDü xnfhoGif;a&wGuftyf\/ odkYaomfvnf; olwdkYonf opöm\ oabmt& tvkyfESifh
tajymwpfajzmifhwnf; us&jcif;udkrl rodusKd;uRefjyKMu\/
w&m;0ifaomtod "r®a&;&mü uRr;f usio f rl sm;u "r®EiS hf ywfoufvQif u&m;
a&vTwfwwGwfwGwfajymMu\/ {&mr"r® uxduBuD;\toGifudk
vkyfief;rsm;udkvkyfMu&mwGif todonf OD;aqmifonf ,lMu\/ trSet f m;jzifh xdo
k rl sm;onf toGirf sm;udo k m ,lMuolrsm;
jzpf\/ wpfzeftodudk pum;vHk;u OD;aqmif\/ udk,fawGY jzpf M u\/ tES p f o m&ud k r l r,l M uacs/ xd k t cg toG i f E S i h f
tm;jzihfvnf; rnfonfht&m0w¬Kudkodonfjzpfap? pum;vHk;udk tESpfom&onf tcsif;csif;qefYusifav \/ ]EIwfuajymawmh"r®?
pdwfxJu toHrxGufbJ &GwfqdkNyD;rS odjcif;vkyfief;NyD;qHk;\/ vuf u vk y f a wmh t"r® } /
acG;udk odvQifvnf; pdwfxJu acG;[k&Gwfqdk\/ toH þonfrmS EIwEf iS v hf uf wpfajzmifw h nf; rusjcif; jzpf\/
uawmh rxGuf/ EGm;ukdodvQifvnf; xdkenf;wl pdwfxJu EGm;[k wpfajzmifhwnf; rusvQif ]"r®ukdopömazmufjcif;} yif jzpf\/
&Gwfqdk\? toHuawmh rxGuf/ "r®ukd opömazmufvQif xkdolonf wpfckaomaeYwGif opöm
tu,fí t&m0w¬Kwpfckudk t&m0w¬K wpfckrSef;om azmufolwdkY\ oGm;&mvrf; twdkif; oGm;Mu&rnfjzpf\/
123456789012345678901234567890121234567890123
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loved and cherished as one's ownblood
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od*Fg& terf;&o
Greet with hugs and kiss
By Dhamma Vi-ra Thandar, ITBM University, Yangon,

"r® 0 D & -oEÅ m a&;om;onf

KISS qdkwJh t*Fvdyfa0g[m&pum;vHk;[m jrefrmbmomrSm

arT;arT;ay;w,f? erf;w,f? ½Iyfw,f&,fvdkY teufxGufygw,f/ touch
given with the lips.
Kiss the childrens for good night. olr[m uav;awGudk
EIwfcrf;eJYterf;ay;vkdufwmjzpfw,f/
jrefrmpum;erf;w,f½yI w
f ,fqw
kd mudk t*Fvyd u
f caress and
kiss vdkY ajymygw,f/
Touch with the lips to show affection or as a greeting.
EIwfcrf;vTmtpHkeJY arT;arT;ay;NyD;awmh cspfjcif;arwåmeJY qkrGefaumif;
awmif; *kPfjyKvkdufygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm affection qdkwJh pum;eufu
cspfcifESpfoufwm? 'grSr[kwf tcspfppfeJYcspfwmudk azmfjywJhpum;
jzpfygw,f/
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