‫‪Ch.

(1) Ordinary Differential Equation of First Order‬‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾﻼت اﻟﮭﻧدﺳﯾﺔ‬

‫‪Ordinary Differential Equation of first Order‬‬ ‫= |‪2lin|1-x‬‬ ‫|‪lin|1-y2‬‬ ‫‪+c‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Separable firs order Diff. Equ.‬‬ ‫‪Lin (1-x)2 = lin|1-y2| + c‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Homogeneous firs order Diff. Equ.‬‬ ‫‪Lin (1-x)2/|1-y2| = c‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Exact firs order Diff. Equ.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Linear firs order Diff. Equ.‬‬ ‫‪(1-x)2/|1-y2| = ec = k2‬‬ ‫‪ k‬أي داﻟﺔ وﺗرﺑﻊ ﻟﺗﺑﻘﻰ ﻣوﺟﺑﺔ‬
‫‪ λ‬ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺒﺔ واﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ ‪(1-x)2/(1-y2) = ±k2 =λ‬‬
‫‪1-Separable firs order Diff. Equ.‬‬ ‫‪[(x-1)2/λ] + y2 = 1‬‬ ‫‪λ≠0‬‬
‫‪1- f(x) dx = g(y) dy‬‬ ‫ھذا ﺣل ﻋﺎم وھو ﯾﺣﺗوي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﺎﺑت اﺧﺗﯾﺎري واﺣد‪.‬‬
‫‪∫f(x) dx = ∫g(y) dy +c‬‬ ‫ﻟﻧﺗﺻور ان )‪ λ(=1‬ﻓﺎﻟداﻟﺔ ﺗﻣﺛل داﺋرة ﻧﺻف ﻗطرھﺎ‬
‫اي ان داﻟﺔ )×( ﻣﻧﻔﺻﻠﺔ ﻋن داﻟﺔ )‪.(y‬‬ ‫واﺣد وﻣرﻛزھﺎ اﻟﻧﻘطﺔ )‪(1,0‬‬
‫‪2- f(x) G(y) dx = F(x) g(y) dy‬‬ ‫‪λ>0 → ellipses,‬‬ ‫‪λ<0 → hyperbolas‬‬

‫ھﻧﺎﻟك دﻣﺞ ﺑﯾن اﻟداﻟﺗﯾن وﻟﻔﺻل اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾرات ﻧﺣﺗﺎج‬ ‫ﻛل ھذه اﻟﺣﻠول ھﻲ ﺣﻠول ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻣﻛﻧﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﺣل‬
‫اﻟﺧﺎص ﻟﮭذا اﻟﺳؤال ھو‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﻰ ﻗﺳﻣﺔ اﻟطرﻓﯾن ﻋﻠﻰ داﻟﺗﻲ ‪ F,G‬ﻓﻧﺣﺻل ﻋﻠﻰ‪:‬‬

‫) (‬ ‫) (‬ ‫‪λ‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪= 1→λ=-1‬‬
‫=‬
‫) (‬ ‫) (‬
‫‪So the solution is:‬‬
‫وﯾﺷﺗرط ھﻧﺎ ان ﺗﻛون ‪F(x)≠0 & G(y)≠0‬‬ ‫‪y2 = 1 + (x-1)2‬‬
‫) (‬ ‫) (‬ ‫‪When x=1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫) (‬ ‫) (‬
‫‪(1-y2) dx = y (1-x) dy‬‬
‫)‪3- dy/dx=M(x) N(y‬‬
‫‪(1-y2) dx/dy = y (1-1) = 0‬‬
‫‪d(y)/N(y) = M(x) dx‬‬ ‫‪N≠0‬‬
‫‪dx/dy = 0‬‬
‫‪∫d(y)/N(y) = ∫M(x) dx +c‬‬
‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﯾﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﺣﻞ وھﻮ ﺧﻂ ﺷﺎﻗﻮﻟﻲ ﯾﻤﺮ ب ‪ x=1‬وھﻮ ﺣﻞ‬
‫‪ex:‬‬ ‫ﺷﺎذ‪.‬‬
‫‪Solve the diff. equ. dx + xy dy = y2 dx + y dy‬‬ ‫‪When y=±1‬‬
‫‪and then find a particular solution when the‬‬ ‫‪y=1→ (1-y2) dx = y (1-x) dy‬‬
‫‪curve passes through the point (-7/5 , 13/5).‬‬
‫‪(1-1) = 1 (1-x) dy/dx‬‬
‫= ‪dx + xy dy‬‬ ‫‪y2‬‬ ‫‪dx + y dy‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪= (1-x) dy/dx‬‬
‫)‪(1-y2‬‬ ‫‪dx = y (1-x) dy‬‬
‫‪=0‬‬
‫= )‪dx/(1-x‬‬ ‫)‪y/(1-y2‬‬ ‫‪dy‬‬
‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﺤﻞ ﺧﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ‪ y=1‬وھﻮ اﯾﻀﺎ ً ﺣﻞ ﺷﺎذ‪.‬‬
‫‪1-x ≠ 0 → x ≠ 1‬‬
‫‪y= -1→ (1-1) dx = - (1-x) dy‬‬
‫‪1-y2 ≠ 0 → y ≠ ±1‬‬
‫‪dy/dx = 0‬‬ ‫وھﻮ اﯾﻀﺎ ً ﺣﻞ ﺷﺎذ‬
‫ﻋدا ھذه اﻟﻘﯾم ﺗﺻﺢ اﻟﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻟﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﻘﯾم وﻟﺟﻣﯾﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺣﺎﻻت‪ .‬ﻟﺗﺑﺳﯾط اﻟﺣل ﻧﺿرب اﻟطرﻓﯾن ×‪2-‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﻌﺎم اﺳﺘﻨﻔﺬ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ ﻗﯿﻢ ‪ λ‬ﻋﺪا اﻟﺼﻔﺮ‪ ،‬وﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﻋﻦ ‪ λ=0‬ﺳﻧﺟد ﻟﮫ ﺣل ﺧﺎص‪.‬‬
‫‪−2‬‬ ‫‪−2‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪1−‬‬ ‫‪1−‬‬ ‫ﻟو ﻟم ﺗﻛن ﻟدﯾﻧﺎ ﺣﻠول ﺷﺎذة ﻟﻛﺎن ﺣل اﻟﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ھو ﺣل ﺗﺎم‬

‫ﻣدرس اﻟﻣﺎدة‪ :‬أ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﻣر ﻋﺑد اﻻﻣﯾر‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫‪Ch.(1) Ordinary Differential Equation of First Order‬‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾﻼت اﻟﮭﻧدﺳﯾﺔ‬
‫‪2- Homogeneous firs order Diff. Equ.‬‬
‫‪M(x,y) dx + N(x,y) dy = 0‬‬

‫اذا ﻛﺎﻧت اﻟداﻟﺔ ‪ M‬واﻟداﻟﺔ ‪ N‬ﻣﺗﺟﺎﻧﺳﺔ وﻣن ﻧﻔس‬

‫اﻟدرﺟﺔ ﺗﻛون اﻟﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻣﺗﺟﺎﻧﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻛون اﻟداﻟﺔ ﻣﺗﺟﺎﻧﺳﺔ اذا ﻋوﺿﻧﺎ ﻋن ‪ x→λx‬وﻋن‬
‫‪ y→λy‬وﺗﺣﻘق ﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫)‪M(λx,λy) = λnM(x,y‬‬
‫)‪N(λx,λy) = λnN(x,y‬‬

‫واذا ﻛﺎﻧت اﻟﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻣﺗﺟﺎﻧﺳﺔ وﻋوﺿﻧﺎ ﻓﯾﮭﺎ ﻋن‬

‫‪y→ux, dy=u dx + x du‬‬
‫ﺳﺗﺗﺣول اﻟﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻔﺻل اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾرات )‪.(u&x‬‬
‫‪x→vy, dx = v dy + y dv‬‬ ‫او اﻟﺗﻌوﯾض ﻋن‬

‫‪ex1:‬‬
‫‪Prove that the function is homogeneous:‬‬

‫‪F(x,y) = x [lin √(x2 + y2) – lin y] + y‬‬

‫‪F(λx,λy) = λx [lin √(λ2x2 + λ2 y2) – lin λy] + λy‬‬

‫‪= λx [lin λ√(x2 + y2) – (lin λ + lin y)] + λy‬‬

‫‪= λx [linλ + lin√(x2+y2) – lin λ-lin y] + λy‬‬

‫‪H.W‬‬
‫‪= λ{x [lin √(x2 + y2) – lin y] + y‬‬ ‫}‬
‫]‪Ch.(1.9) [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 13, 15, 17‬‬
‫)‪= λ F(x,y‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬
‫ﻟذﻟك اذا ﻛﺎﻧت ﻛل ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻟﺣدود ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻣن‬
‫اﻟرﺗﺑﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ذات درﺟﺔ ﻛﻠﯾﺔ واﺣدة‪ ،‬أي ان ﻛل اﻟﺣدود‬
‫ﻣن ﻧﻔس اﻟدرﺟﺔ ﻟﻠﻣﺗﻐﯾرات ‪ x,y‬ﺗﻛون اﻟﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻣﺗﺟﺎﻧﺳﺔ‬
‫واﻟﺗﻌوﯾض ﻋن ‪ y=ux‬او ‪ x=vy‬ﺳﯾﺣول اﻟﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻔﺻل اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾرات‪.‬‬
‫‪ex2:‬‬
‫‪Find the general solution of the equ.:‬‬
‫‪(x2 + 3y2) dx = 2xy dy‬‬

‫‪M(x,y) = x2 + 3y2‬‬
‫‪M(λx,λy) = λ2x2 + 3λ2 y2‬‬
‫ﻣدرس اﻟﻣﺎدة‪ :‬أ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﻣر ﻋﺑد اﻻﻣﯾر‬ ‫‪5‬‬
 ‫‪Ch.(1) Ordinary Differential Equation of First Order‬‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾﻼت اﻟﮭﻧدﺳﯾﺔ‬
‫)‪= λ2 (x2 + 3y2‬‬ ‫‪3- Exact firs order Diff. Equ.‬‬
‫)‪=λ2 M(x,y‬‬ ‫اﻟﺷﻛل اﻟﻌﺎم ﻟﮭذه اﻟﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‪M(x,y) dx + N(x,y) dy = 0‬‬
‫‪N(x,y) = 2xy‬‬ ‫ﺗﻛون اﻟﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺗﻔﺎﺿﻠﯾﺔ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ اذا ﺗوﻓر ﻓﯾﮭﺎ اﻟﺷرط‬
‫‪N(λx,λy) = 2 λ2 xy‬‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺎﻟﻲ‪∂M/∂y = ∂N/∂x :‬‬

‫)‪= λ2 N(x,y‬‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻔﺎﺿل اﻟﺗﺎم ھو‪:‬‬

‫ﻟذﻟك اﻟﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻣﺗﺟﺎﻧﺳﺔ ﻻن اﻟداﻟﺗﯾن ﻣﺗﺟﺎﻧﺳﺗﯾن وﻣن‬
‫=) ‪( ,‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫ﻧﻔس اﻟدرﺟﺔ )اﻟدرﺟﺔ اﻟﺛﺎﻧﯾﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻟذﻟك ﯾﻣﻛن ﺗﺣوﯾﻠﮭﺎ اﻟﻰ‬
‫وﺣﯾث ان اﻟﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺗﻔﺎﺿﻠﯾﺔ ذات ﺗﻔﺎﺿل ﺗﺎم أي ان‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻔﺻل اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾرات‪.‬‬
‫‪df = M(x,y) dx + N(x,y) dy‬‬
‫‪y→ux, dy=u dx + x du‬‬
‫ﻟذﻟك ‪M =∂f/∂x, N = ∂f/∂y‬‬
‫)‪(x2 + 3u2x2) dx = 2x (ux) (u dx + x du‬‬
‫)‪x2 (1+3u2) dx = 2u x2(u dx + x du‬‬ ‫‪÷ x2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬
‫‪(1+3u2) dx = 2 u2 dx + 2ux du‬‬ ‫وﺣﯾث ان‪M(x,y) dx + N(x,y) dy = 0 :‬ﻟﺬا ﻓﺎن‪:‬‬
‫‪(1+u2) dx = 2ux du‬‬ ‫‪df = 0‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪x≠0‬‬ ‫‪f(x,y) = c‬‬

‫‪lin │x│ = lin │1+u2│ + c‬‬ ‫وﻹﯾﺠﺎد ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ‪c‬‬

‫‪lin │x/(1+u2)│ + c‬‬ ‫=‬
‫)‪x/(1+u2‬‬ ‫‪=λ‬‬
‫‪df = M dx‬‬
‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫∫ =‬ ‫) ‪( ,‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪…….(1‬‬
‫‪1+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫)‪X3 = λ (x2 + y2‬‬ ‫اﻟﺣل اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫=‬ ‫) ‪( ,‬‬ ‫(‪+ ′‬‬ ‫)‬

‫) ‪( ,‬‬
‫∫=‬ ‫(‪+ ′‬‬ ‫)‬
‫‪H.W‬‬
‫‪but‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪Ch. (1.10) [1, 3, 5, 7, 13,‬‬ ‫] ‪15,17, 21, 23‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪C‬‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫) ‪( ,‬‬
‫=‬ ‫(‪+ ′‬‬ ‫)‬

‫=‬ ‫)) ‪( ,‬‬ ‫(‪+ ′‬‬ ‫)‬

‫)‪= N(x,y) - N(a,y) + c'(y‬‬

‫‪But N(x,y)= ∂f/∂y‬‬
‫)‪∴c'(y) = N(a,y‬‬

‫) (‬ ‫)‪= ∫ N(a, y‬‬ ‫)‪sub. In equ. (1‬‬

‫∴‬ ‫=‬ ‫) ‪( ,‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪N(a, y‬‬ ‫=‬

‫ﻣدرس اﻟﻣﺎدة‪ :‬أ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﻣر ﻋﺑد اﻻﻣﯾر‬ ‫‪6‬‬

 Ch.(1) Ordinary Differential Equation of First Order ‫اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾﻼت اﻟﮭﻧدﺳﯾﺔ‬
ex1: 1− − =0
+ +
Show that the equation is exact and then solve it.
(2x + 3y – 2) dx + (3x – 4y + 1) dy =0 = →the equ. Is exact

M(x,y) = 2x + 3y – 2 , N(x,y) = 3x – 4y + 1 ∴ = ( , ) + N(a, y)

∂M/∂y = 3, ∂N/∂x =3 →the equ. Is exact

−
c = ∫ (2x + 3y – 2) dx + ∫ (3a – 4y + 1) dy = 1− + =0
+ +
=( + 3 − 2 ) + (3 −2 + )
= [x-½ lin (x2 + y2)] -½[lin (a2 + y2)]
= x2 +3xy–2x–a2 –3ay+2a+3ay–2y2 +y–3ab-b
= − + − + + −
∴c + a2 - 2a + 3ab + b - 2b2 = x2 + 3xy - 2x - 2y2 + y + + √ +
K= x2 + 3xy - 2x - 2y2 + y
+ − + = = − +
----------------------
H.W If the integrating factor is a function of
Ch. (1.7) [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 7, 9, 11, 13] x only (rx):
A B C D
rx Mx,y dx + rx Nx,y dy = 0
Integrating factor ∂ r M/∂y = ∂ r N/∂x
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﯾﻔﯿﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﯿﺎن ﻟﺘﺤﻮﯾﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ r(∂M/∂y) = r (∂N/∂x)+N (∂r/∂x)
.‫ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﺘﺎﻣﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ‬
r(∂M/∂y - ∂N/∂x) = ∂r/r
‫ﻓﻤﺜﻼً ﻧﻼﺣﻆ اﻧﮫ ﻟﻮ ﻗﺴﻤﻨﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬
lin │r│= ∫ −
2xy3 dx + 3x2y2 dy = 0 …..(1)

‫ﻋﻠﻰ )×( ﻟﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ∫

=
2y3 dx + 3xy2 dy = 0 …..(2) And if the integrating factor is a
‫وھﺬه اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺎن )×( ھﻮ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ function of y only (ry), then:
(2) ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ∫
=
‫( ﻋﻠﻰ‬1) ‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻮ ﻗﺴﻤﻨﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻣﺔ‬
:‫( ﻟﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬xy2) ex2:
2y dx + 3x dy = 0 …..(3) Find a general solution of the equ.:

‫( ب‬3) ‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻟﻮ ﺿﺮﺑﻨﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬.‫وھﻲ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ‬ y dx + (3+3x-y) dy = 0

‫ وﯾﺴﻤﻰ ھﺬا اﻟﺘﻌﺒﯿﺮ‬.‫( ﻷﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ‬xy2) =1 ≠ =3, → not exact
Integrating factor ‫ﺑﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬
If the integrating factor is a function of x only
ex1: then:
show that [1/(x2 + y2)] is an integrating factor for
∫
the diff. equ. [(x2 + y2 – x) dx – y dy = 0] and =
then solve it.

‫ ﺳﺎﻣر ﻋﺑد اﻻﻣﯾر‬.‫ أ‬:‫ﻣدرس اﻟﻣﺎدة‬ 7

‫‪Ch.(1) Ordinary Differential Equation of First Order‬‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾﻼت اﻟﮭﻧدﺳﯾﺔ‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫∫‬ ‫)‪(1−3‬‬ ‫‪∫ d (y x) + ∫3y dy – ∫y dy = c‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪y3x + y3 – (1/4) y4 = c‬‬
‫∫‬
‫=‬
‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﮭﻲ داﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ x&y‬وﻟﯿﺲ ﻣﻦ ‪ x‬ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬ ‫واذا اﺣﺘﻮت اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻣﺜﻼً ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (y dx – x dy‬ﻓﻨﻼﺣﻆ‬
‫‪If the integrating factor is a function of y only‬‬ ‫اﻧﮫ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ y2‬ﯾﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﻤﻘﺪار أﻋﻼه‬
‫‪then:‬‬
‫]‪ [(ydx – x dy)/y2‬وھﻮ ﯾﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ )‪d(x/y‬‬
‫∫‬
‫=‬ ‫ﻓﻤﺜﻼ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‪:‬‬
‫)‪∫ (3−1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪y dx – x dy + y2x dx = 0‬‬ ‫‪÷ y2‬‬

‫∫‬
‫‪(y dx – x dy)/y2 + x dx = 0‬‬
‫=‬
‫)‪d(x/y‬‬ ‫‪+ x dx = 0‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪, = y2‬‬ ‫)‪∫d(x/y‬‬ ‫‪+∫ x dx = c‬‬
‫)‪Then * (y2‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬
‫‪y3 dx + (3y2 + 3xy2 – y3) dy = 0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪=3‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫→ ‪,‬‬ ‫‪exact‬‬

‫‪H.W‬‬
‫∴‬ ‫=‬ ‫) ‪( ,‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‪N(a, y‬‬
‫‪Ch. (1.8) [1, 3, 5,‬‬ ‫] ‪7, 9‬‬
‫‪A&B‬‬ ‫‪C&D‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪(3‬‬ ‫‪+3‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫)‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪K=xy3 + y3 –(1/4) y4‬‬

‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﯿﺎن اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل‬

‫ﺣﺼﺮ اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻠﮭﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺜﻼً اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
‫‪y dx + (3 + 3x - y) dy = 0‬‬
‫‪y dx + 3 dy + 3x dy – y dy = 0‬‬
‫‪(y dx + 3x dy) + 3 dy – y dy = 0‬‬

‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ان ﻣﺎ ﺑﺪاﺧﻞ اﻟﻘﻮس ﻟﻮ ﺿﺮب ب ‪ y2‬ﻷﺻﺒﺤﺖ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺿﺮب داﻟﺘﯿﻦ )‪:(y3x‬‬
‫‪(y3 dx + 3xy2 dy) + 3y2 dy – y3 dy = 0‬‬
‫)‪d (y3x‬‬ ‫‪+ 3y2 dy – y3 dy = 0‬‬

‫وﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﯾﻨﺘﺞ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣدرس اﻟﻣﺎدة‪ :‬أ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﻣر ﻋﺑد اﻻﻣﯾر‬ ‫‪8‬‬
 ‫‪Ch.(1) Ordinary Differential Equation of First Order‬‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣﻠﯾﻼت اﻟﮭﻧدﺳﯾﺔ‬
‫‪-∫P dx‬‬ ‫‪∫P dx‬‬
‫‪4- Linear firs order Diff. Equ‬‬ ‫‪∴y=e‬‬ ‫‪[∫Qe‬‬ ‫]‪dx + c‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﻌﺎم ﻟﮭﺬه اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫]‪= ex [ ∫ x e-x dx + c‬‬
‫)‪(u dv, u=x, dv=e-x dx‬‬
‫)‪+ P(x) y = Q(x‬‬ ‫)‪…..(1‬‬
‫]‪= ex [ x (-e-x) + ∫e-x dx‬‬
‫)‪ :P(x‬ھﻲ اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺰاﻣﻨﺔ ل ‪ y‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ‪y'=1‬‬
‫)‪= ex ( - x e-x -e-x +c‬‬
‫)‪ :Q(x‬اﻟﺤﺪ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﮭﺔ اﻟﯿﻤﻨﻰ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫‪y'=1‬‬

‫ﻟﻨﻔﺮض ان ھﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ )‪r(x‬‬ ‫‪H.W‬‬

‫‪Ch. (1.11), [1, 3, 5,‬‬ ‫‪7, 9,‬‬ ‫]‪11, 13‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪…..(2‬‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪B‬‬ ‫‪C&D‬‬
‫ﻧﺠﺪ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ )‪ (r‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺎس ان اﻟﺠﮭﺔ‬
‫اﻟﯿﺴﺮى ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ھﻲ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺔ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺿﺮب داﻟﺘﯿﻦ‬
‫اﺣﺪھﻤﺎ ‪ y‬واﻻﺧﺮى ‪:r‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫(‬ ‫)‬ ‫)‪…..(3‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪+‬‬

‫=‬ ‫→‬ ‫=‬

‫‪lin│r│=∫P(x) dx+c‬‬

‫‪r = ±c e∫P(x) dx‬‬

‫ﻧﺤﻦ ﻻ ﻧﺤﺘﺎج اﻟﻰ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ‪ r‬اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬وﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ان‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ )‪ ،(±c = 1‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪:‬‬
‫‪r = e∫P(x) dx‬‬ ‫)‪…..(4‬‬
‫وھﺬا ﯾﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ )‪ (1‬اﻻﺻﻠﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺘﯿﻦ ‪2&3‬‬
‫‪y‬‬
‫(‬ ‫=)‬
‫‪dx‬‬
‫‪r y = ∫ r Q dx + c‬‬

‫]‪y = e-∫P(x) dx [ ∫ Q e∫P(x) dx dx +c‬‬

‫‪---------‬‬
‫‪Ex:‬‬

‫‪Solve the equation‬‬ ‫‪−‬‬ ‫=‬

‫‪If we compare this equ. with‬‬ ‫‪+ P(x) y = Q(x),‬‬

‫‪we see that this equation is linear and: P(x) = -1,‬‬
‫‪Q(x) = x. The integrating factor is e∫P(x) dx , and‬‬
‫)‪here (P=-1), (∫P dx = -x), (e∫P dx= e-x‬‬

‫ﻣدرس اﻟﻣﺎدة‪ :‬أ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﻣر ﻋﺑد اﻻﻣﯾر‬ ‫‪9‬‬