Name:_____________________________________________Section:_______________

ENGLISH 7
LAS.1- Analogy to Show Relationship of Words.
Concept Notes:

Analogy is a pair of terms that has common relationship. In most cases, you will not only determine the
common relationship between each pair but you will also have to identify which term makes up each pair.
Usually, you are given two terms in the format A

B, which could be

Example: (A) : (B)

kitchen : house - Kitchen and House are related since kitchen is part of the house
Writers use analogy to connect unfamiliar words or new ideas with common and familiar objects. It
functions as description or explanation of one thing by examining its similarities and differences and forces the
reader to understand the connection between them. Using this technique, vocabulary skills as well as speed in
reading comprehension are enhanced.
Types of Relationships in Analogy
Below are the seven common types of relationships in analogy.
1. Part to Whole
A relationship in analogy in which one term is part of the other term
Example: eyes : face (The eyes are part of the face.)
2. Cause and Effect
A relationship in analogy in which one term is the result of the other
Example:
she wanted to buy a dress : she went to the mall
(She wanted to buy a dress so she went to the mall.)
3. Person to Situation
A relationship in analogy in which one term is the work place of the other
Example:
saleslady : mall (A saleslady works in a mall.)
4. Synonym
A relationship in analogy in which both terms have the same meaning
Example: little : small (Both terms mean the same.)
5. Antonym
A relationship in analogy in which the terms are opposite in meaning
Example: elegant : unattractive (The words have opposite meaning.)
6. Geography
A relationship in analogy in which one of the terms can be situated in the other
Example:shopping mall : city (Shopping mall is found in the city.)
7. Time
A relationship in analogy in which both terms speak of time element
Example: morning : evening (Both indicate time.)
Activity 3: Connected to the Target!
Directions:
I. Determine the type of relationship expressed in the pair of words given. Choose your answer from
the box.

1. Big : Small :: Full : Empty Relationship: _________________

2. Leaves : Tree :: Sand : Sea Relationship: _________________
3. Volcanic Eruption : Earthquake :: El Niño : Drought Relationship: __________________
4. Luzon : Manila :: Mindanao : Davao Relationship: __________________
5. Year : Month :: Week : Day Relationship: __________________
6. Huge : Big :: Narrow : Slim Relationship: __________________
7. Pilot : Airplane :: Priest : Church Relationship: __________________
8. Page : Book :: Ink : Ballpen Relationship: _________________
9. Tired : Sleep :: Hungry : Eat Relationship: _________________
10.Teacher : School :: Doctor : Hospital Relationship: __________________
II. Complete the pair based on the type of relationship given.
1. Part to Whole
branch: _____ (A. forest B. root C. tree )
2. Cause and Effect
 Virus: ____ (A. Covid-19 B. Diarrhea C. Typhoid Fever)
3. Person to Situation
Police: _____ (A. barracks B. gasoline station C. police station)
4. Time
New Year: ____ (A. February B. January C. March)
5. Synonym
smile: ____ (A. joyful B. sad C. worried )
6. Antonym
hardworking: ____ (A. active B. industrious C. lazy)
7. Geography
Durian: ____ (A. Baguio B. Cebu C. Davao)
III. Complete the analogy by providing the correct pair of word from the
choices given.
1. dark : night :: strong : ____ A. fragile B. powerful C. weak
2. sheet : pad :: petal : ____ A. flower B. shrub C. tree
3. coward : brave :: loud : ____ A. calm B. quiet C. sharp
4. happy : laugh :: sad: ____ A. cry B. glad C. weep
5. student : school :: painter : ____ A. art gallery B. auditorium C. gymnasium
6. dawn : morning : twilight : ____ A. dusk B. sunrise C. sunset
7. Philippines : Asia :: Italy : ____ A. America B. Australia C. Europe
8. plus : add :: minus : ____ A. divide B. multiply

When analogies are used in myths, legends and short stories toexpress comparison of two unlike things but
share common property, it iscalled Figurative Analogy. It comes in statement form. Example:The rain is
Tungkung Langit’s tears and thunders are hissobbing. The writer compares Tungkung Langit’s tears to rain as he
burst into
tears because of his heavy heart, in the same way when clouds are heavy,they fall as rain; while the loudness of
his cry is compared to the intensity of thunder
Activity 5: Let’s Compare! Directions: Complete the statements that follow and reveal the traits of the characters from
the comic strip read.
1. Alunsina is a jealous wife. She doesn’t have ___________________. A. care B. hope C. trust
2. Tungkung Langit is an erupting volcano when angry. He is_________. A. irritable B. moody C. violent
3. Tungkung Langit wants order and peace in his place. He is a____leader. A. concerned B. kind C. wise
4. The love of Tungkung Langit and Alunsina is weak. It is not __________. A. romantic B. strong C. sweet
5. Both are impatient because ________________.
A. they are hot-tempered. B. they easily give up their love. C. they did not find ways to fix
Activity 6: You Can Do It!
Directions: Identify the things compared in the statement below.
1. Problems are just like spices in life. A. spices and life B. problem and life C. problems and spices
2. He is as big as an elephant. A. he and big B. he and elephant C. big and elephant
3. Her skin is like a snow. A. her and skin B. her and snow C. skin and snow
4. The sun is a golden ball. A. sun and ball B. golden and ball C. sun and golden ball
5. Her hair is as dark as the night. A. hair and dark B. dark and night C. hair and night
 LAS 2- Genres of Viewing
Genres of Viewing
1. When there are current issues that the news organizations like ABS- CBN, GMA, and CNN feel the warrant of
interrupting their scheduled programming in television, news flash is aired. The information conveyed in a
newsflash is important enough for viewers to take a quick break. For example, a typhoon with heavy rain would
come to your place, a timely news will interrupt your favorite television shows like teleserye and movies.
2. Another genre is weather report, which is a part of an entire news program that updates and foretells weather
conditions on a specific area. Weather forecasts are made by collecting data about the current state of the
atmosphere at a given place. When you wanted to know the weather for the next day, you could watch the
news program’s weather report to be updated.
3. Internet-based program also provides the viewers informative shows that can be accessed through websites
using any device such as desktops, computers, laptops and smart phones. Netflix, iWant TV, and many more
internet-based programs provide shows that are highly dependent on the internet.
4. Oftentimes, when there are upcoming movies, there are series of selected shots that are shown in television or
internet. As these movie trailers attract you because of their exciting, funny, or noteworthy parts of the film,
these are usually short to avoid spoilers.
5. Finally, a documentary is a genre of viewing that is based on research. It is usually long bringing us a broader,
more deeply engaged and wider view of the current issues.
I. Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. A segment in ABS-CBN news last August 3, 2018 which talked about a low-pressure area located at 630 km
East of Guiuan, Eastern Samar
a. documentary b. internet-based c. movie trailer d. news flash e. weather report
2. In the middle of a show in ABS-CBN last January 26, 2020 at around 4:10 in the afternoon, an important
news was aired about a place in Luzon with no electricity due to typhoon “Ompong”.
a. documentary b. internet-based c. movie trailer d. news flash e. weather report
3. A short clip from the film “Hello, Love, Goodbye” was advertised on television for promotion purposes.
a. documentary b. internet-based c. movie trailer d. news flash e. weather report
4. “Mythbusters” is an informative online show hosted by Jon Lung and Brian Louden. The show will take over
testing crazy science experiments.
a. documentary b. internet-based c. movie trailer d. news flash e. weather report
5. “Manny” is a hard-hitting feature length film that explores the many triumphs and tribulations of Filipino boxing
sensation Manny Pacquiao.
a. documentary b. internet-based c. movie trailer d. news flash e. weather report
LESSON 2: Basic Rule on Subject – Verb Agreement
A subject is a part of a sentence that contains the person, place, thing or idea performing the action in a
sentence.
Verbs are the action words in a sentence that describe what the subject is doing. Some verbs can function as
main verbs or helping verbs also called an auxiliary verb.
Basic Rule on Subject – Verb Agreement  Subjects and verbs must agree in number. A singular subject needs
a singular verb; a plural subject needs a plural verb.
Basic Pattern
Singular Plural
First person I walk we walk
Second person you walk you walk
Third person he/she/it walks they walK
Examples:
1 .COVID-19 is a threat to all people worldwide.
2. Overseas Filipinos are allowed to return home provided they submit themselves for quarantine.
3. World Health Organization (WHO) advises people of all ages totake steps to protect themselves from the
virus.
4. Senior citizens appear to be more vulnerable to becoming severely ill with the virus
Read the following sentences about the points to ponder for genres ofviewing. Choose the correct form of the
verb inside the parentheses
1. Viewing (is, are) an active process of comprehending visual media, such as in television and online platform
wherein there (is, are)advertising images, films, diagrams, symbols, photographs, videos, drama, drawings,
sculpture and paintings.
2. Viewing (help, helps) us acquire information and appreciate ideas that visually communicated by others.
3. On television, news flash (is, are) an important, timely piece of news that (is, are) delivered quickly that
could interrupt the currently aired program.
4. Weather reports (is, are) part of a television program that (feature,
features) a prediction of a weather observation of a particular place.
 5. Any informative program or show that (is, are) accessed through a website in an online platform (is, are)
called internet-based program.
6. Movie trailers (is, are) short clips that are usually shown before a movie (is, are) officially released.
7. A research-based compilation of information about a certain subject (is, are) a documentary.
LAS-3 Active and Passive Voice
Concept Notes
Oh My G! (Grammar Consciousness & Awareness)

The voice of an action verb indicates whether the subject

performs or receives the action.

There are two types of voice: ACTIVE VOICE and PASSIVE

VOICE

ACTIVE VOICE

When the subject does or “acts upon” the verb, the sentence
is said to be in the active voice.

Formula: Subject + Verb+ Object

(doer of the action)

Study the following examples. These show that the subject is

doing the verb’s actions.

1. The rich man’s servant usually cooked special food.

PASSIVE VOICE
When the subject receives the action of the verb,
the sentence is said to be in the passive voice.
Formula:
Subject + Verb Phrase (be + past participle form of
the verb) (receiver of the action) + object
These examples show how the subject-verb
relationship has changed.
1. Special food was usually cooked by the rich
man’s servant.
Subject–special food (singular) + verb phrase-was
usually cooked (past participle) + object- rich
man’s servant
Subject- The rich man’s servant (singular) + verb - usually
cooked (past tense) + object- special food
2. Carlos Bulosan reveals the reality about social
discrimination in the text.
Subject- Carlos Bulosan (singular) + verb- reveals (present
tense) +object- reality about social discrimination
3. The judge pounded the gavel.
Subject- the judge (singular) + verb- pounded (past tense) +
object- gavel
4. My brothers throw pieces of coins in a straw hat.
Subject- my brothers (plural) +verb-throw (present tense)
+ object – pieces of coins in a straw hat

2. The reality about social discrimination in the text

is revealed by Carlos Bulosan.

Subject–special food (singular) + verb phrase-was

usually cooked (past participle)+ object- rich man’s
servant

Study the chart below, Analyze how the sentences are

transform
 You are now ready to learn more!
1. When do we use the active voice?
a. Active voice is used when the doer is more important than the action. This places the emphasis on the
subject of the sentence and makes the sentence more straight forward and brief.
For example:
● Ana loves her dog.
● She bought the dog from the pet shop.
● The dog will go with Ana during her morning walk.
b. Active voice is also used in making commands or requests.
For example:
● Open the window.
● Carry the books.
● Do it alone.
c. Giving instructions can be done in the active voice.
For example:
● Turn off the electricity.
● Wear mask in public places.
● Interview the barangay officials for the correct data.
2. When do we use the passive voice?
The passive voice is used in the following cases:
a. The actor is unknown.
Example: The motorcycle was stolen (maybe by someone).
b. The actor is irrelevant.
Example: COVID-19 vaccine was discovered.
c. You want to be indefinite about who is responsible.
Example: Mistakes were made.
d. You are talking about a general truth.
Example: An iron is attracted by a magnet.
e. You want to emphasize the person or thing acted on.
Example: The virus that caused COVID-19 was discovered in 2020.
e. You are writing an experiment result/report.
Example: The salt was dissolved in water.
Directions: Identify the verb/verb phrase in the sentence below, then identify whether it is in the Active or Passive
Voice.
Example: Every province will follow the new DILG guidelines
Active -.will follow
_________________1. Emily is using hand sanitizer.
_________________2. The Municipal Mayor ordered people to stay at home.
________________ 3. The relief goods were given to each household by the LGU.
________________ 4. An Executive Order was issued by the governor.
________________ 5. The builders finished the isolation room for PUIs.
________________ 6. The COVID-19 patient is brought by the medical workers to the hospital.
________________ 7. The military men are checking the quarantine pass.
________________ 8. The health professionals read the test results.
________________ 9. She wears face mask and face shield every time she goes out.
________________ 10. Father came home after a 14-d
Directions: Write A for active voice and P if it is in the passive voice.
___________1. Classes were suspended on March 2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic.
___________2. As a precaution, people wear face mask and face shield.
___________3. Everybody is worried due to the corona virus.
___________4. Military men and health workers inspect all passers-by in every border.
___________5. Disposable latex gloves are worn by medical doctors and nurses.
___________6. Henry eats fruits and vegetables every day to stay healthy.
___________7. Junk foods are not advised by doctors.
___________8. Young people like you, are being ordered to stay at home.
___________9. Students should adjust to the new normal way of learning.
___________10. You will read and answer your modules in all subjects with the guidance of your parents or guardians.
Literary Journey. Below is a summary of the story “My Father Goes to Court”. Read the selection thoroughly and
analyze how the characters behave or act. Also, note the consequences or results of their actions in the story.

My Father Goes to Court by Carlos Bulosan

Summary
In the island of Luzon, there lived a poor but happy family. The children were always playing and bathing in a
cold river. They had a very rich neighbor with two children who were not allowed to play outside of their house. 4 The
rich man’s servant usually cooked special foods. The children of the poor family just smelled the yummy aroma of the
food from their rich neighbor. They enjoyed doing it everyday until they got strong and healthy while the rich man’s
children got pale and thin. One day, the rich man filed a case against the father of the poor family for stealing the spirits
of his food and wealth. They all went to court. The father had no lawyer with him while the rich man had. When the
judge asked about the truth of the charge, the father said “yes” to smelling the aroma of the rich man’s food but not to
stealing his wealth. The father, with a hat full of coins, asked permission from the judge to have the tinkling of the coins
heard by the rich man. The father asked if the rich man heard the spirit of the money, which the latter said yes. The
father then said that the charge was paid. The judge smiled and pounded his gavel and said that the case was dismissed.
Activity 2 Comprehension Question
1. What was the rich man’s accusation against the father? The rich man accused the father
for____________________________.
2. How did the father pay the rich man’s accusation? The father paid the rich man’s accusation with
____________________.
3. What did the children do with the yummy aroma of the food from a rich man’s house? The yummy aroma of the food
from a rich man’s house ______________ by the children.
4. What did the judge do with the case filed by the rich man? The case __________________by the judge.
 LAS-4 Past and Past Perfect Tenses

What is It

When talking about an action that happened in a specific time in the past, you need to use the simple past tense.
However, before using this tense, it is important to learn the rules in using it. As with any part of English grammar, the
rules of the simple past tense should be applied each time it is used to form grammatically correct sentences. In this
section, you are going to learn how to do this effectively.

What is Simple Past Tense?

Verbs have different forms, called tenses. The tense of a verb tells us when the action happens. Simple past tense shows
that an action started and completed in the past and has no relevance to the present time at all. It can also be used to
describe how someone felt, what their emotional condition was, at a point in the past.

Examples: walked visited looked

Took bet frozen

Simple Past Tense Structure

Regular Verbs are verbs which are formed by adding -d or -ed of the word.

Examples:

1. Last Wednesday, we decided to visit the zoo.

2. We walked toward the first exhibit.

3. I looked up at a giraffe as it stared back at me

The following are some of the rules for regular verbs.

1. For verbs ending in e, add d. 2. For verbs ending in consonant + y, change y to i and add ed

3.For other verbs, just add ed

Examples of Time Expressions Used with the Simple
Past Tense

yesterday hour ago last weekend

last night last Saturday a year ago

Example:

a. She worked hard last night. S V (ed) time express

Lesson 2 Past Perfect

had + Past Participle

2. James had arrived at their house before his mother cooked dinner.
had+ Past Time
Participle Expression
3. After Dwight had eaten dinner, he and his brother watched basketball.
Time had+ Past
Expression Participle

I. Write the correct simple past form of each verb inside the parenthesis.
I had a very bad weekend. Last Friday night, I _______ 1. (go) to the plaza to meet my friend Jenny. We ______2.
(want) to go to the movies, but she didn’t come, so I ________3. (watch) the movie alone. On Saturday morning, my
father called me and we worked in the yard. I hate working in the yard.
In the afternoon, I went to the mall with my friend. I _______ 4. (see) a lot of nice things to buy, but I lost my
wallet and ________ 5. (buy) nothing. On Sunday, my sister was sick so I stayed at home and cared for her all day. I
really didn’t have fun this weekend.
II. Complete the statement by filling in the blanks. Write only the letter of the correct answer.
6. Daisy _________ some chocolates to the birthday party last night.
A. bring B. brought C. had brought D. brings
7. I _________ a new song on the radio.
A. heard B. hear C. hears D. had heard
8. Peter _________ during the class, but now he doesn’t understand.
A. understands B. understand C. understood D. had understood
9. Ana _________ three books last week.
A. read B. reads C. red D. had read
10. The students _________ Italian to the visitors yesterday.
 a. speak B. speaks C. had spoken D. spoke

II. Write Past Tense if the verb in the sentence is in the simple past tense and Past Perfect Tense if it is in
simple past perfect tense.

11. John told me he bought a new car. _________________

12. She had taken the medicine before she consulted the doctor. ____________
13. My mother forgot to buy some milk. ____________
14. After they had eaten the shellfish, they began to feel sick. ___________
15. He met his wife somewhere in Plaridel. _____________