3.

3 PROCLAMATION
THE ACT OF DECLARATION OF PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE
Translation by Sulpicio Guevara

· Written by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, War Counsellor and Special Delegate-

Designate of the Philippine Government

What caused the revolution against the Spanish domination in order to regain independence
and sovereignty?
· arbitrary arrests and abuses of the Civil Guards who cause deaths,
· unpunished abuses and unjust deportation of illustrious Filipinos,
· instigation of the Archbishop and friars interested in keeping them in ignorance
for egoistic and selfish ends

· Don Emilio Aguinaldo initiated a new revolution that spread like wild fire among the
178 men of Spanish contingent
· the revolutionary movement spreading like wild fire to other towns of Cavite and
the other provinces of Bataan, Pampanga, Batangas, Bulacan, Laguna, and
Morong
· first mentioned province only the Detachments in Naic and Indang remained to
surrender;
· in the second all Detachments had been wiped out;
· in the third the resistance
of the Spanish forces was localized in the town of San Fernando where the greater part
of them are concentrated, the remainder in Macabebe, Sexmoan, and Guagua;
· in the fourth, in the town of Lipa;
· in the fifth, in the capital and in Calumpit; and in last two
remaining provinces, only in there respective capitals, and the city of Manila will soon
be besieged by our forces as well as the provinces of Nueva Ecija, Tarlac, Pangasinan,
La Union, Zambales, and some others in the Visayas where the revolution at the time
of the pacification and others even before, so that the independence of our country and
the revindication of our sovereignty is assured

PURPOSE OF THE REVOLUTION STATED IN THE PROCLAMATION

The United States of America, we do hereby proclaim and declare solemnly in the
name by authority of the people of these Philippine Islands, That they are and have the
right to be free and independent; that they have ceased to have allegiance to the Crown of
Spain; that all political ties between them are should be completely severed and annulled;
and that, like other free and independent States, they enjoy the full power to make War
and Peace, conclude commercial treaties, enter into alliances, regulate commerce, and do
all other acts and things which and Independent State Has right to do, And imbued with
firm confidence in Divine Providence, we hereby mutually bind ourselves to support this
Declaration with our lives, our fortunes, and with our sacred possession, our Honor.
3.4 PAINTING

SPOLARIUM (1884) by Juan Luna

· Painted in 1884 by Juan Luna, a Filipino educated at the Academia de Dibujo y
Pintura (Philippines) and at the Academia de San Fernando in Madrid, Spain as an
entry to the prestigious Exposicion de Bellas Artes (Madrid Art Exposition, May
1884) and eventually won for him the First Gold Medal.
· Considered the largest painting in the Philippines with a size of 4.22 meters x
7.675 meters
· Spoliarium is a Latin word referring to the basement of the Roman Colosseum
where the fallen and dying gladiators are dumped and devoid of their worldly
possessions
· At the center of Lunas painting are fallen gladiators being dragged by Roman sold
iers. On the left, spectators ardently await their chance to strip off the combatants
of their metal helmets and other armory. In contrast with the charged emotions
featured on the left, the right side meanwhile presents a somber mood. An old
man carries a torch perhaps searching for his son while a woman weeps the death
of her loved one.
THE MAKING OF THE PHILIPPINE FLAG by Fernando Amorsolo
· Fernando Amorsolo was one of the most important artists in the history of
painting in the Philippines.
· The painting shows three women namely Marcella Marino de Agoncillo (on the
right side) refer as the mother of the Philippine flag, with the help of Lorenza and
Delfina Herbosa de Natividad which is actually the daughter of Marcela.
· They were tasked by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo to sew the first flag for the new
republic.
· The clothes that the women are wearing are an older style, more vintage and
really depict the traditional styles
· The skirts the womens are wearing are long and their tops were like a traditional k
imona.
· The three women are sewing passionately which demonstrates elegance.the
painting
was not that kind of vibrant in the eyes but canset your mood in calm.
· The setting is inside of a house which is more like a Bahay Kubo
· The main colors that was used in painting was brown, red, blue and yellow.
· The mood and visual effect that this painting can be considered is calm and
serene.
· The yellow background signifies that it a beautiful sunny day.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PAINTING

· Fernando Amorsolo made this painting to show the citizen of the Philippines of
how the Philippine flag was made and to remind them the traditions and customs
that we did not realize it becomes faded.
· To take care and give importance the National flag which it symbolizes as white
triangle stands for equality and fraternity; the blue field for peace, truth and
justice; and the red field for patriotism and valor.
· The eight rays of the sun stand for the first eight provinces that the colonizers
have put under martial law(Manila, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija,
Bataan, Laguna, and Batangas)
 · The three stars symbolize Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao
· These just shows us to loved our country, be proud of it do not be ashamed
because our ancestors risked their lives for the freedom from the hands of the
colonizers.
· It is really shown in the painting of Amorsolo that he is a nationalistic person
some his paintings portray and commemorate the different tradition, cultures and
customs of Filipino.

References
Fleming, G. & Jagodowski, S. (2018). Importance of Context in Analysis and
Interpretation. Alpha History and Publishing
Fernandez, Leandro H. (1930) Mga Tala ng aking buhay by Gregoria de Jesus.
published in the June 1930 issue of the Philippine Magazine, Volume XXVII, No 1.
Llewellyn, J. & Thompson, S. 2015) . The History at publishing of The Alpha
History. Alpha History Publishing House
Zaide, G. & Sonia Z. (1990) Documentary Sources of Philippine History 12 vols.
Manila: National Book Store
http://web.nlp.gov.ph/nlp/?q=node/10008
http://www.kasaysayan-kkk.info/membership-documents