Strength for

jump and sprint performance in football:

What the Force !?
Pr J-B Morin

@jb_morin
 jb morin

Understand - Evaluate - Improve

OUTLINE

Ø WHAT FORCE(S): from single cell to in-game data

Ø IT DEPENDS: movement velocity
Ø INDIVIDUAL MONITORING: why and how
Ø NEXT STEPS: in-game measurements?

@jb_morin
 jb morin

MACROSCOPIC APPROACH: BIG PICTURE FIRST

 jb morin

FIELD --> LAB --> FIELD

2007…
PHYSIOTHERAPY
Some parts Jurdan Mendiguchia
of all this might
lead nowhere
(time will tell)

Until then….
PERFORMANCE
MEDICINE JB Morin
Pascal Edouard P Samozino
P Jimenez-Reyes
Training should be individualized…
Based on WHAT?
MANY DIFFERENT « FORCES »
 jb morin

Not all « forces » are made equal…from single cell to football contexts

Isolated Muscle-Fiber Muscle Group Single Joint

In vitro « Are your muscles strong/safe »
In vivo I

≠
« Is your sprinting movement strong/safe »
IRRELEVANT
DIFFERENT

In-Game Output Global Jump & Sprint Movements

In calcio In vivo II
INFO

IMPOSSIBLE Poor to null correlation in trained populations

Velocity - Geometry - Coordination - Mechanics

Single vs Multijoint
Non-Specific vs Jump-Sprint Specific
 jb morin

EXAMPLE: Knee Flexor Strength vs Sprint Force output

Andràs Hegyi JP Giacomo Johan Lahti

(Univ Jyvaskyla) (inventor) (Univ Nice)
@And_Hegyi @jp_giacomo @lahti_johan
 jb morin

EXAMPLE: Knee Flexor Strength vs Sprint Force output

Nordic Hamstring Exercise:

Absolute Force (N)

Relative Force (N per kg Body Mass) DIFFERENT
Relative Torque (N.m per kg) INFO
 jb morin

EXAMPLE: Knee Flexor Strength vs Sprint Force output

NHE Classic Sprint-like Extension Flexed Hip

Where is
MAX torque ?

Same, + Assisted /
Same 3, Unilateral Resisted conditions
 jb morin

EXAMPLE: Knee Flexor Strength vs Sprint Force output

BILATERAL Mode UNILATERAL Mode

Knee Flexor Torque (N.m/kg)
Dominant Limb

= Individual MAX
Torque, all
conditions compared
NHE Flexed Hip Sprint

No player with Max Torque in NHE (Uni or Bilat)

MAX torque 28±18% greater than NHE Max Torque (range 10-52%)
 jb morin

EXAMPLE: Knee Flexor Strength vs Sprint Force output

Knee Flexor Max Torque

vs
Sprint Max Force (HZT)

BILATERAL Mode

UNILATERAL Mode
 jb morin

EXAMPLE: Knee Flexor Strength vs Sprint Force output

Knee Flexor Max Torque

vs
Sprint Max Force (HZT)

BUT…
Jump and Sprint Movements

FORCE ⇔ VELOCITY
 jb morin

What force….at what velocity?

 jb morin

Maximal Force Output at Low Velocity vs. Force Output at Maximal Velocity

VERTICAL JUMP SPRINT ACCELERATION

Maximal Force F0 (N/kg)

Maximal Force F0 (N/kg)

Maximal Velocity V0 (m/s) Maximal Velocity V0 (m/s)

« Strong » at Low Velocity « Strong » at High Velocity

Data by Jimenez-Reyes et al. Under review: 14 sports >500 athletes Leisure to elite level
No correlation overall, same sub-group outcome for each level and each sport
 jb morin

Example:
elite sprinter,
Elite Sprinter
force plate data

HZT Force CoM Speed

BLOCKS 800 N (≈80 kg eq. mass) 3.5 m/s (≈ 1/3 of top speed)

10m step 400 N 7 m/s (≈ 2/3 of top speed)

FORCE @ HIGH SPEED

Rabita et al. Scand J Med Sci Sport 2015
INDIVIDUAL APPROACH
Why – How

Jump Performance
 jb morin

B is less powerful….but better individual FV balance

à better Jump Height
 jb morin

Training should be individualized according to FV imbalance

à better performance for BOTH players
 jb morin

INDIVIDUALIZED & OPTIMIZED TRAINING

Pedro JIMENEZ-REYES
UCAM, Murcia

Velocity Deficit
Increase
in Jump Height

Optimized Group
46/46 subj above SWC
12.7 ± 7.4 %

Non-Optimized Group
7/18 subj above SWC Force Deficit
2.3 ± 4.7 %
 jb morin

ü Jump height
ü 3 loaded SJ + 1 SJ
ü Free online

Maximal SJ Power
F-V profile and deficit
IN-DI-VI-DUAL !!
Optimized training load
Long-term plan…
INDIVIDUAL APPROACH
Why – How

Sprint Performance
 jb morin

TOWARDS INDIVIDUALIZED TRAINING

Player is « slow » on 40-m, but has a high velocity capability…

40-m test : 6.21 vs 6.37 s

 jb morin

TOWARDS INDIVIDUALIZED TRAINING

Same 20-m time…very different profiles à Different Programs

 jb morin

Two (im)possibilities
FORCE PLATES
INSEP, Paris, France
Kanoya, Japan (50m+)

INSTRUMENTED MOTORIZED
TREADMILL
St-Etienne, France
Doha, Qatar
 jb morin

SIMPLE FIELD METHOD

Force plate
Vs
Computations

Simple inputs (mass, velocity / split times)

High reliability
Easy to use in practice: 30-m acceleration
 jb morin

SIMPLE FIELD METHOD

@MySprintApp

jb morin
 jb morin

The KEY: long-term monitoring

 INDIVIDUAL APPROACH
Why – How

Performance:
Hamstring Injury Management
 jb morin

Primary Prevention = Load Management

 jb morin

Hamstring injury // horizontal GRF ?

Jurdan Mendiguchia
Zentrum Center, Baranain
Int J Sports Med, 2014

At return to sport (post hamstring injury):

Ø Power (Pmax) and Max Force (F0), lower in injured players
Ø but not velocity (V0)
Ø 2 months later, values overall returned to normal

1/ what objective & sprint-specific data led to « RTS » decision?

2/ what « risk » during this 2-month (or shorter) period !?

 jb morin

1ST PROSPECTIVE DATA

Jurdan Mendiguchia
Zentrum Center, Baranain

Nic Gill
Matt Brughelli
Auckland
 jb morin

1ST PROSPECTIVE DATA

Rugby player, sprint series

10 x 40m

Injury at the end of 5th sprint

Lowest F0

Highest V0
 jb morin

Ryu Nagahara
PROSPECTIVE PILOT STUDY Japan

95 players tested 5 times over a full season…

+ ongoing 2-season large follow-up
1/ Is F-V-P profile related to hamstring-injury risk?

2/ Could it be an objective, specific parameter in the re/pre-hab process?

Next steps…
 jb morin

MUSCLE FORCE

In-Game April 23, 2018

Output
 jb morin

JUMPING & SPRINTING FORCE

In-Game
Output GPS – ACCELEROMETER SYSTEMS

ONGOING RESEARCH….
 jb morin

Sprinting is not only a part of the problem…

It is a part of the solution

Research & Practice…

Give it a try

Design
good
« wheels »