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Likert-plots and grouped Likert-

plots #rstats
May 8, 2019
By Daniel

Like 230 Share Share

(This article was first published on R – Strenge Jacke!, and kindly contributed to R-
bloggers)

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I’m pleased to anounce an update of my sjPlot-package, a package for

Data Visualization for Statistics in Social Science. Thanks to the help
of Alexander, it is now possible to create grouped Likert-plots. This is
what I want to show in this post…

First, we load the required packages and sample data. We want to plot
several items from an index, where all these items are 4-point Likert
scales. The items deal with coping of family caregivers, i.e. how well
they cope with their role of caring for an older relative.

To find the required variables in the data set, we search all variables
for a specific pattern. We know that the variables from the COPE-
index all have a cop in their variable name. We can easily search for
variables in a data set with the find_var()-function.

1 library(sjPlot)
 2 library(sjmisc)
3 data(efc)
4
5 # find all variables from COPE-Index, which al
6 # have a "cop" in their variable name, and the
7 # plot the items as likert-plot
8 mydf <- find_var(efc, pattern = "cop", out = "
9 plot_likert(mydf)

The plot is not perfect, because for those values with just a few
answers, we have overlapping values. However, there are quite some
options to tweak the plot. For instance, we can increase the axis-range
(grid.range), show cumulative percentage-values only at the ende of
the bars (values = "sum.outside") and show the percentage-sign
(show.prc.sign = TRUE).

1 plot_likert(
2 mydf,
3 grid.range = c(1.2, 1.4),
4 expand.grid = FALSE,
5 values = "sum.outside",
6 show.prc.sign = TRUE
7 )

The interesting question is, whether we can reduce the dimensions of

this scale and try to extract principle components, in order to group
single items into different sub-scales. To do that, we first run a PCA on
the data. This can be done, e.g., with sjt.pca() or sjp.pca().

1 # creates a HTML-table of the results of an PC

2 sjt.pca(mydf)

Principal Component Analysis

Component Component
1 2

do you feel you cope well as caregiver? 0.29 0.60

do you find caregiving too demanding? -0.60 -0.42
does caregiving cause difficulties in
-0.69 -0.16
your relationship with your friends?
does caregiving have negative effect on
-0.73 -0.12
your physical health?
does caregiving cause difficulties in -0.64 -0.01
your relationship with your family?
does caregiving cause financial
-0.69 0.12
difficulties?
do you feel trapped in your role as
-0.68 -0.38
caregiver?
do you feel supported by
-0.07 0.64
friends/neighbours?
do you feel caregiving worthwhile? 0.07 0.75

Cronbach’s α 0.78 0.45

varimax-rotation

As we can see, six items are associated with component one, while
three items mainly load on the second component. The indices that
indicate which items is associated with which component is returned
by the function in the element $factor.index. So we save this in an
object that can be used to create a grouped Likert-plot.

1 groups <- sjt.pca(mydf)$factor.index

2 plot_likert(mydf, groups = groups, values = "s

There are even mote options to tweak the Likert-plots. Find the full
documentation at
https://strengejacke.github.io/sjPlot/index.html.

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