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Candido Macy T Socstud2c Ss106 Modules
Candido Macy T Socstud2c Ss106 Modules
Candido Macy T Socstud2c Ss106 Modules
MODULES
Modules presented to
Presented by:
SOCSTUD 2C
June 2021
Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
Region IV – A CALABARZON
Municipality of Lipa
KOLEHIYO NG LUNGSOD NG LIPA
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Captivating knowledge Through Education
MODULE 1
A. Enumerate the difference between the geocentric model and the heliocentric model of
the solar system.
B. Classify the planets as to bring a Terrestrial, Jovian, or Dwarf planet.
Introduction
The Solar System is about 4.6 billion years old. It formed by gravity in a large molecular
cloud. Most of this matter gathered in the center, and the rest flattened into an orbiting disk
that became the Solar System. It is thought that almost all stars form by this process. The Solar
System that we live in consists of a giant star, the sun and the nine planets. These planets are
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and PlutoThere are also
comets, centaurs, and interplanetary dust. In Ancient Greece, Aristarchus of Samos proposed an
alternate cosmology arrangement of the universe: a heliocentric model of the Solar System,
placing the Sun, not the Earth, at the center of the known universe hence he is sometimes known
as the "Greek Copernicus". Six of the planets and three of the dwarf planets are orbited
by moons. There are about 200 moons in the Solar System. Mercury and Venus have no moons,
and Jupiter and Saturn have the largest number of moons. The largest moon is Ganymede which
is a moon of Jupiter. Furthermore, planetary dust orbits the gas giants. Many other systems like
the Solar System have been found. Each of the billions of stars in the Milky Way galaxy might
have a planetary system.
Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
Region IV – A CALABARZON
Municipality of Lipa
KOLEHIYO NG LUNGSOD NG LIPA
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Captivating knowledge Through Education
ACTIVATING KNOWLEDGE
Search for the planets in our Solar System. The names can be horizontal, vertical, or
backward.
Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
Region IV – A CALABARZON
Municipality of Lipa
KOLEHIYO NG LUNGSOD NG LIPA
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Captivating knowledge Through Education
ENGAGEMENT
The solar system is a complex system of moving masses held together by gravitational
forces at the center of this system is a star called the Sun, which is the dominant mass. Revolving
around the sun are 8 major planets with more than 170 satellites and currently 4 dwarf planets. In
addition, there are thousands of asteroids, vast numbers of comets and meteoroids, as well as
interplanetary dust particles, gases, and a solar wind composed of charged particles. The term
planet originated with ancient observers of stars. These observers of the nighttime sky also
viewed, with the unaided eye, star-like objects that moved with respect to fixed stars. They called
these objects planets, from the Greek word meaning “wanderer.” The rotating and revolving
motions of the Earth were concepts not readily accepted at first. In early times, most people were
convinced that the Earth was motionless and that the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars revolve
around the Earth, which was considered the center of the universe. This concept is called the
Earth-centered model or geocentric model of the universe, and it is persisted for sky, then it is an
opposition.
The terrestrial planets are the Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, these planets are
relatively small in size and mass, and they are composed of rocky material and metals. All four
are relatively dense and have solid surfaces. The orbits of the terrestrial planets, comparatively
speaking, are close together and are relatively close to the sun.
➢ Mercury
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and it has the shortest period of revolution (88
days). The early Greeks named the planet Mercury after the speedy messenger of the gods. It is
the fastest moving planets because of its position closest to the Sun. Mercury can only be seen
from the Earth just after sunset or just before sunrise. The surface of Mercury is cratered and
crisscrossed by faults that formed as the planet originally called and contracted. Mercury has a
density almost equal to that of the Earth. This relatively high density indicates that it probably
Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
Region IV – A CALABARZON
Municipality of Lipa
KOLEHIYO NG LUNGSOD NG LIPA
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Captivating knowledge Through Education
has a core of mostly iron, as does the Earth giving rise to a magnetic field. Mercury has virtually
no atmosphere; any original gases have escaped.
➢ Venus
Venus is the Earth’s closest planetary neighbor. It is the third-brightest object in the sky,
exceeded only by the Sun and our Moon. Venus was named in honor of the roman goddess of
beauty, probably because of its planetary brightness. Venus and the Earth resemble each other in
several ways – they have similar average density, mass, size, and surface gravity – but there the
similarities end. Venus is covered with a dense, cloudy atmosphere that is 96% carbon dioxide.
The surface of Venus cannot be seen by an observer on the Earth because of the dense, thick
carbon dioxide clouds that cover the planet.
➢ Earth
The planet Earth is a spherical rocky body with oceans and an atmosphere. Among the
eight major planets in our solar system, the Earth is unique. It is the only planet with large
amounts of surface water, and atmosphere that contains oxygen, a temperate climate, and living
organisms. The Earth is not a perfect sphere but rather an oblate spheroid, flattened at the poles
and bulging of the equator. The full Earth, as viewed from the Moon, appears about 4 times
larger in diameter than the full moon viewed from the Earth. The Earth reflects more lights
because the clouds and water areas are much better reflecting surfaces than the dull, dark surface
of the Moon, which has not atmosphere.
➢ Mars
Viewed from the Earth, Mars has a reddish color so the Romans named it after their
bloody god of war. The reddish color is believed to be due to fine grain iron oxide minerals. The
planet rotates once every 24.5 hours very close to an Earth day. The axis of Mars is tilted like
that of the Earth, and Mars undergoes slow seasonal changes during the course of a Martian year.
The dark surface features on Mars also change with the seasons. Mars has 12 or more extinct
volcanoes, Olympus Mons being the largest known volcano in the solar system.
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Commission on Higher Education
Region IV – A CALABARZON
Municipality of Lipa
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The four gaseous planets are collectively known as the Jovian planets because of their
similarity to the planet Jupiter. The Jovian planets are large compared with the terrestrial planets.
They possess strong magnetic fields, have many moons and rings and are very distant from the
Sun, with orbits far apart from one another because the Jovian planets are composed mainly of
hydrogen and helium gases, they all have relatively low densities.
➢ Jupiter
Jupiter named after the chief Roman god because of its brightness and giant size, is the
largest planet in the solar system – both in volume and in mass. Its rotation is faster than that of
any other planet. Jupiter takes only about 10 hours to make one rotation. Jupiter consists of a
rocky layer of ice, a layer of hydrogen in liquid metallic form and an outer layer of molecular
hydrogen.
➢ Saturn
Saturn named after the Roman god of agriculture is famous for its stunning array of rings.
Although the other Jovian planets have rings, no rings are as spectacular as those of Saturn. The
structure of Saturn itself is similar to that of Jupiter. Saturn’s density is the lowest of any planet
in the solar system. The rings of Saturn were first seen by Galileo in 1610 using a telescope. The
rings are very wide but relatively flat bands, no more than several hundred meters in thickness.
➢ Uranus
Uranus was discovered in 1781 by William Herschel, an English astronomer. The name
Uranus was chosen and keeping with the tradition of naming planets for gods of mythology. In
Roman mythology, Uranus was the father of the Titans and the grandfather of Jupiter. Uranus
rotation axis lies almost within the plane tilted 98 degrees from the perpendicular. Uranus has a
very thin ring system and bright cloud masses. The rings are composed mainly of dark materials
from small grains to particles up to 1 m in diameter.
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➢ Neptune
Neptune was first observed in 1846 by Johann G. Galle, German astronomer. In Roman
mythology, Neptune was the god of the sea, the son of Saturn and the brother of Jupiter and
Pluto. Neptune is sometimes regarded as a twin to Uranus not only are the two similar in size and
composition of their atmospheres, but their internal compositions are also thought to be similar.
Both planets have a rocky core surrounded by a mantle of water, methane and ammonia ice.
Neptune is massive enough to gravitational affect its surrounding space specially the small object
farther out from the Sun.
➢ Ceres
Ceres lies in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. It was discovered in 1801 and
was named after the Roman goddess of agriculture and fertility. Although Ceres was initially
classified as a planet, and then for a long time as an asteroid, it is designated as a dwarf planet.
Ceres is not large with a diameter of about 940 km. It is the smallest dwarf planet.
➢ Pluto
Small, cold, and distant from the Sun. Pluto was named after the Roman god of the
underworld. Pluto is so far away that little is known about its physical and chemical makeup.
Specific investigations indicate that the planet is covered with methane and nitrogen ice. Because
Pluto is far from the sun it’s mean surface temperature is about -236 degrees Celsius. Unlike the
major planets, Pluto has not been visited by a space probe.
Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
Region IV – A CALABARZON
Municipality of Lipa
KOLEHIYO NG LUNGSOD NG LIPA
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Captivating knowledge Through Education
CONCLUSION
The planets reflect the light of the sun. The terrestrial planets are fundamentally rocky.
The giant ones have a composition like that of the sun, although without the nuclear reactions.
Pluto is more like a very big asteroid than like the other planets. Each planet varies on how long
it takes to orbit the sun. Earth's distance from the sun means that our world is not too hot or too
cold. Other planets like Pluto takes 164 years to orbit the sun. If the Earth took this long to orbit
the sun, then our seasons would last about 116 years each. This could make life difficult to be
sustained in our planet.
ACTIVITIES
_____________ 1. It is the third-brightest object in the sky, exceeded only by the Sun and
our moon.
_____________ 2. The planet that lies in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
forces.
_____________ 4. It is the planet with large amounts of surface water, and atmosphere that
contains oxygen, a temperature climate, and living organisms.
_____________ 5. These planets are relatively dense, have solid surfaces and consists of
rocky materials and metals.
_____________8. It was discovered in 1801 and was named after the Roman goddess of
agriculture and fertility.
_____________10. The rings are very wide but relatively flat bands, no more than several
hundred meters in thickness.
Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
Region IV – A CALABARZON
Municipality of Lipa
KOLEHIYO NG LUNGSOD NG LIPA
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Captivating knowledge Through Education
C. Research a planet. Choose a planet in our solar system and answer the following
questions below.
Draw and color your planet below. Be sure to include any moons:
Reference
https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSolar_S
ystem%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR0Wi9UaRXSsIuF6u1sj8Zl06pbtx5aENl-T3EyCUpfsp8Iyq-
5OOy2z0TE&h=AT283lgxneqAi_5lxKQq0OJDSMYO_D5_IdwKOTWHejCe7Ra3Igjesf1J
UBRVTHLbk0kQj5dW4bCokvgK1833YtRxg8VRZ5mjMS1i0-
oUmVMnFP6qaLBVT7iyg_m3hb7z1
Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
Region IV – A CALABARZON
Municipality of Lipa
KOLEHIYO NG LUNGSOD NG LIPA
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Captivating knowledge Through Education
MODULE 2
Introduction
Climate can be seen as an average of weather. The behavior of weather over a period of
time, generally in the order of years, can be loosely defined as climate. Climate is an important
element because it indicates the atmospheric condition of heat, moisture and circulation; it plays
a dominant role in shaping vegetation and soil; and it ultimately affects all forms of life, as a
result of the very definition of the word, which is a scientific prediction, based on evidentiary
statistics, sustained over a long period.
A weather change can be inflicted by factors like a sudden major explosion big enough
to increase the temperature of a particular region for a span of certain minutes or hours. Weather
changes in the order of days and sometimes hours whereas climate changes in the order of tens
of years (sometimes the rate of change is high depending on factors like pollution, natural
calamities etc.).
Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
Region IV – A CALABARZON
Municipality of Lipa
KOLEHIYO NG LUNGSOD NG LIPA
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IV. ENGAGEMENT:
A. Weather
Weather is the short-term atmospheric conditions of any particular place, day and time. Although
entire Earth’s is covered by only one atmosphere, the weather is not the same all around the
place. The weather may variate over minutes, hours and days in different places of the world.
The changes in the weather are mostly observed in the place that is closest to the ground known
as Troposphere. The factors which are responsible for causing these changes temperature,
humidity, direction, air pressure, etc. Nowadays, it’s very to easy predict the weather of a given
time and location.
Climate
Climate conditions, describe larger areas- like countries, or any cities. It is the average of
weather conditions over a long time and space. The record of the climate is also maintained by
the respective centres of that particular place, like the hottest day, coldest day, or the amount
rainfall, these records are used in predicting the climate of the upcoming time by comparing the
records of the last few years.
B. Weather types
• Sunny/Clear
• Partially cloudy
• Cloudy
• Overcast
• Rain
Rain intensity is often measured in millimeters (or inches); an mm of rain corresponds to a liter
of water over a square meter. Typical rains give less than 5 mm (0.1 in) per hour; however, there
are also torrential rains that can give way more than a hundred millimeters (4 in) per hour; the
record of rain amount in an hour is 305 mm (12 in).
• Drizzle
• Snow
Snow also happens quite frequently under continental climates during the cold season, such as in
Eastern Europe and Russia. It is however much rarer in mild climates and only happens during a
limited window of time, usually around the coldest month of the year, although early or late
snow can also take place there if an exceptionally cold front was to sweep over said regions. It
never falls under hot climates, especially around the equator.
• Stormy
• Tornadoes
• Thunder snows
• Fog
• Hurricanes
Hurricanes form over hot spots of water in the ocean (which must be at 26.5 °C (80 °F)
minimum; the higher, the stronger will the hurricane be), and also cannot form near the equator
(precisely at less than 5° of latitude of the equator), since they must use the Coriolis' force to
organize into a round-shape storm. They eventually either converge to terrestrial lands in which
they cause damages but lose their strength, or more rarely disappears in the ocean if the water
becomes too cold to sustain them.
Hurricanes can cause devastating damages over large areas (unlike a tornado), especially in small
islands and coastal areas. In addition to the winds, hurricanes also deliver strong rains, and
coastal areas are impacted by hurricane surges, which are an elevation of the sea level as
pressure drops under a hurricane.
• Sandstorms
C. Types of climates found at different locations around the Earth can be grouped into zones or
regions to identify the particular weather features experienced:
• Desert
Low rainfall, little or no vegetation due to lack of water. Cloudless skies associated with
anticyclones. High daytime temps. of 40ºC are common.
• Tropical
Located around the equator. Hot, humid weather (daytime max. temp 30-35ºC).
Convection produces daily rainstorms. Little seasonal difference. Further away from the
equator a wet season and a dry season occur.
Examples: Amazon Basin, Brazil; the Congo Basin, W.Africa and Indonesia.
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• Savannah
Located between the wet equator belt and subtropical belt. Savannahs have one short
rainy seasons, rest of year is dry. Vegetation is mostly scrub and grassland.
Examples: Sahel in N. Africa, large parts of India, parts of N. Australia.
• Temperate
• Polar Climate
Covered by snow and ice throughout the year. Sun is never high enough in the sky to cause
widespread melting. Temperatures usually below freezing.
Examples: Greenland, northern Siberia, Arctic (north pole); Antarctic (south pole).
V. CONCLUSION
Weather is the condition of the atmosphere in a specific place at a given point in time. These
atmospheric conditions may take place day by day, minute by minute or seasonally. The
scientific study of weather is called meteorology. The person who studies the weather is called a
Meteorologist. While climate involves all the conditions of the atmosphere such as temperature,
wind, precipitation, cloud, pressure, and humidity. The scientific study of climate is called
Climatology. The person who studies climate is called a Climatologists.
Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Higher Education
Region IV – A CALABARZON
Municipality of Lipa
KOLEHIYO NG LUNGSOD NG LIPA
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION Captivating knowledge Through Education
VI. ACTIVITIES
A. Directions: Think about the weather words and sort them into the proper categories.
WEATHER WORDS
B. Name the different types of weather and climate by supplying the missing letter to the
given clues.
1. T_R_ AD_ _S
2. P_RT_AL_Y C_O_DY
3. TH_ND_ _S _ _RM
4. R_ _ N
5. S_ND_T_ _M
6. M_ D_TE_RA_ _N
7. T_M_ _RA_ _ RE
8. PO_ _R C_ _ M _ TE
9. C _ I M _ _ T _
10. W E _ TH_R
Reference:
https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FWeather_and_
climate%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR1TmVLH6Sg_cdeFlKNQT8KovRP3SD4PmMT8vyMf4wro7xdq_
UvBp1n-5jc&h=AT1an6d7ZXPxPzF2XW-mtVH8ydsw8rRnZY2gx-
McgnFUM6oXy0tUh_t7kZREJLVtw2HnfeyOCwWiUf8Syj55lTG6P0OJxZ0luUxyPekOwVhsH
kp0JgfaPsiHjmwmM8ulGwxpHw