CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITARATURE AND STUDIES

Note: minimum of 10 citations from primary and 10 citations from secondary sources.
-Watch this video clip for further understanding of the difference b/w primary and
secondary sources.
*https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ll0Q4mbmTwQ
Note: Put a short introduction before related lit.

Related Literature
Related literature is composed of discussions of facts and principles to which the
present study is related. The materials are usually printed and found in
-books
-encyclopedias
-professional journals
-magazines
-newspapers
-laws or ordinances which is related to the study
-school records or any particular data
-papers/docs from educational seminars
-official reports of government

We can also get RL from the TV/radio (news, documentaries, etc)

Likewise, what is the meaning of RRL in research? intro Old definition: The RRL
is the selection and annotation of available documents (both published and
unpublished), which contain information, ideas, data and evidence related to the topic
that a person proposes to research on. Parameters may be the variables; the type of
research or the time frame.
WHAT ARE THE PRIMARY SOURCES OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES?
Primary Sources
*Original documents such as diaries, speeches, manuscripts, letters, interviews,
records, eyewitness accounts, autobiographies.
*mpirical scholarly works such as research articles, clinical reports, case studies,
dissertations.
*Creative works such as poetry, music, video, photography.
Related Studies
Usually, related studies is about reviewing or studying existing works carried out
in your project/research field. D candidate’s related works is important constraint since
pave path to entire research process. Related studies can be taken from journals,
magazines, website links, government reports and other source.

Synthesis of Reviewed Literature and Studies

Literature/studies reviews synthesize large amounts of information and present it
in a coherent, organized fashion. In a literature/studies review you will be combining
material from several texts to create a new text .
You will use common points among the sources you have gathered to help you
synthesize the material. This will help ensure that your literature review is organized by
subtopic, not by source. This means various authors' names can appear and reappear
throughout the literature/studies review, and each paragraph will mention several
different authors.
When you shift from writing summaries of the content of a source to synthesizing
content from sources, there is a number things you must keep in mind:
*Look for specific connections and or links between your sources and how those
relate to your thesis or question.
*When writing and organizing your literature/studies review be aware that your
readers need to understand how and why the information from the different
sources overlap.
*Organize your literature/study review by the themes you find within your sources
or themes you have identified.

Gap Bridged by Study

A research gap is an issue in a study where there is a great amount of space in
between the information that has been revealed in the past and what people want to get
out of it today. It can be rather frustrating as it makes it harder for information to be fully
complete. But even with such an issue coming about in many studies, there are several
things that can be considered when you’re aiming to bridge a gap in your study.
Theoritical Framework
A theoretical framework consists of concepts and, together with their definitions
and reference to relevant scholarly literature, existing theory that is used for your
particular study. The theoretical framework must demonstrate an understanding of
theories and concepts that are relevant to the topic of your research paper and that
relate to the broader areas of knowledge being considered.
The theoretical framework is most often not something readily found within the
literature. You must review course readings and pertinent research studies for theories
and analytic models that are relevant to the research problem you are investigating. The
selection of a theory should depend on its appropriateness, ease of application, and
explanatory power.
The theoretical framework strengthens the study in the following ways:
*An explicit statement of theoretical assumptions permits the reader to evaluate
them critically.
*The theoretical framework connects the researcher to existing knowledge.
Guided by a relevant theory, you are given a basis for your hypotheses and
choice of research methods.
*Articulating the theoretical assumptions of a research study forces you to
address questions of why and how. It permits you to intellectually transition from
simply describing a phenomenon you have observed to generalizing about
various aspects of that phenomenon.
*Having a theory helps you identify the limits to those generalizations. A
theoretical framework specifies which key variables influence a phenomenon of
interest and highlights the need to examine how those key variables might differ
and under what circumstances.
Here are some strategies to develop of an effective theoretical framework:
*Examine your thesis title and research problem. The research problem anchors your
entire study and forms the basis from which you construct your theoretical framework.
*Brainstorm about what you consider to be the key variables in your research. Answer
the question, "What factors contribute to the presumed effect?"
*Review related literature to find how scholars have addressed your research problem.
Identify the assumptions from which the author(s) addressed the problem.
*List the constructs and variables that might be relevant to your study. Group these
variables into independent and dependent categories.
*Review key social science theories that are introduced to you in your course readings
and choose the theory that can best explain the relationships between the key variables
in your study [note the Writing Tip on this page].
*Discuss the assumptions or propositions of this theory and point out their relevance to
your research.
*A theoretical framework is used to limit the scope of the relevant data by focusing on
specific variables and defining the specific viewpoint [framework] that the researcher will
take in analyzing and interpreting the data to be gathered. It also facilitates the
understanding of concepts and variables according to given definitions and builds new
knowledge by validating or challenging theoretical assumptions.

Conceptual Framework
A conceptual framework illustrates what you expect to find through your
research. It defines the relevant variables for your study and maps out how they might
relate to each other.

Research Hypothesis (if applicable)

Conceptual and Operational Definition of Terms