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The 68th William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition Saturday, December 1, 2007
The 68th William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition Saturday, December 1, 2007
The 68th William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition Saturday, December 1, 2007
A–1 Find all values of α for which the curves y = αx2 + f ( f (n) + 1) if and only if n = 1. [Editor’s note: one
1 1
αx+ 24 and x = αy2 +αy+ 24 are tangent to each other. must assume f is nonconstant.]
A–2 Find the least possible area of a convex set in the plane B–2 Suppose that f : [0, 1] → R has a continuous derivative
that intersects both branches of the hyperbola xy = 1 and that 01 f (x) dx = 0. Prove that for every α ∈ (0, 1),
R
and both branches of the hyperbola xy = −1. (A set S Z α
in the plane is called convex if for any two points in S 1
max | f 0 (x)|.
0 f (x) dx ≤ 8 0≤x≤1
the line segment connecting them is contained in S.)
A–3 Let k be a positive integer. Suppose that the integers √
1, 2, 3, . . . , 3k + 1 are written down in random order. B–3 Let x0 = 1 and for n ≥ 0, let xn+1 = 3xn + bxn 5c. In
What is the probability that at no time during this pro- particular, x1 = 5, x2 = 26, x3 = 136, x4 = 712. Find a
cess, the sum of the integers that have been written up closed-form expression for x2007 . (bac means the largest
to that time is a positive integer divisible by 3? Your integer ≤ a.)
answer should be in closed form, but may include fac-
B–4 Let n be a positive integer. Find the number of pairs
torials.
P, Q of polynomials with real coefficients such that
A–4 A repunit is a positive integer whose digits in base 10
are all ones. Find all polynomials f with real coeffi- (P(X))2 + (Q(X))2 = X 2n + 1
cients such that if n is a repunit, then so is f (n).
and deg P > deg Q.
A–5 Suppose that a finite group has exactly n elements of B–5 Let k be a positive integer. Prove that there exist polyno-
order p, where p is a prime. Prove that either n = 0 or mials P0 (n), P1 (n), . . . , Pk−1 (n) (which may depend on
p divides n + 1. k) such that for any integer n,