Unit 1

United Nations
(UN)

THE UNITED NATIONS (UN) is a general

international organization established at the
end of World War II to promote international
peace and security. It is the second such
organization, having replaced the LEAGUE Of
Nations, which was founded in the aftermath of
World War I.

ORIGINS AND PURPOSE

The United Nations officially came into existence on Oct. 24,

1945, when 51 original members ratified its charter. The main
purpose of the organization were to "save succeeding generations
from the scourge of War" ; develop friendly relations among states;
cooperate in solving international economic, social, and
humanitarian problems; and promote respect for human rights and
fundamental freedoms.

To enable it to work toward its goals, the UN was equipped

with six major organs: the Security Council, General Assembly,
Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, International
Court Of Justice, and the Secretariat. In addition, a number of
specialized agencies were attached to the UN system to deal with
specific international problems. The primary responsibility for the
maintenance of international peace and security was assigned to the
Security Council. Based on the assumption that the five major
military contributors to victory in World War II-the United States,
Russia, Great Britain, France, and China – could reach unanimity on
the questions of peace in the postwar world, the Security Council
was to be the international guardian of peace. The second major UN
organ, the General Assembly, was to operate as a forum for debating
world issues. The underlying assumption in creating the General
1
Assembly was that the airing of disputes among nations could
contribute to the pacific settlement of those disputes as well as to
peaceful changes in the international system.

A third principal organ, the Economic and Social Council, was

created in the belief that a great deal of international strife was
rooted in poverty and misery and that therefore the UN should do its
utmost to help raise standards of living and improve economic
conditions throughout the world. Because, moreover, the founders
of the UN saw colonialism as another frequent source of war, they
felt it necessary also to employ the new world organization to
mitigate the anger of dependent peoples against their colonial
masters. To devise a technique whereby independence could be
gained with as little bloodshed as possible, they provided a fourth
major organ the Trusteeship Council. Yet another cause of war was
believed by the founders of the UN to lie in the absence of common
legal standards among nations. For this reason they included within
the UN framework a world court-the International Court of Justice.
Finally, the founders of the UN were convinced that the maintenance
of peace required a nucleus of men and women whose loyalty was
first and foremost not any particular nation but to the entire
international community. To form such an international civil service,
they established a sixth major organ of the United Nations, the
Secretariat, headed by the secretary-general.

Vocabulary
Explanation

established -set up ‫ﺃﻧﺸﺄﺕ‬

promote -boost, strengthen, keep, protect, maintain ‫ﻳﻌﻀﺪ‬/‫ﻳﺼﻮﻥ‬
aftermath -unpleasant circumstances that follow ‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬
and are a consequence of an event.
officially -formally ‫ﺭﲰﻴﹰﺎ‬
came into -turned out, emerged, appear ‫ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ‬/‫ﻇﻬﺮﺕ‬
existence
ratified -approved ‫ﻗﺒﻠﺖ‬
charter -covenant, basic law ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ‬
scourge -disastrous effects ‫ﻭﻳﻼﺕ‬
2
humanitarian -humane ‫ﺍﻧﺴﺎﱏ‬
fundamental -essential ‫ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻰ‬
equipped with -provided with ‫ﻣﺰﻭﺩﺓ ﺑـ‬/‫ﳎﻬﺰﺓ ﺑـ‬
attached -joined, associated with ‫ﻣﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺑـ‬
maintenance -keeping, preserving, ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬/‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬
assigned tasked ‫ﻛﻠﻒ ﺑـ‬
assumption -supposition ‫ﻓﺮﺽ‬
contributors -participants ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﲔ‬/‫ﻣﺴﺎﳘﲔ‬
unanimity -consensus, total agreement ‫ﺃﲨﺎﻉ‬
postwar -the period after the war ‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬
guardian -protector, escort ‫ﻭﺍﺻﻰ‬/‫ﺣﺎﺭﺱ‬
forum -council ‫ﳎﻠﺲ‬
underlying -lying or existing beneath ‫ﺑﺎﺭﺯ‬
airing -display ‫ﻳﻌﺮﺽ‬
pacific -peaceful ‫ﺳﻠﻤﻰ‬
disputes -quarrel ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎﺕ‬
strife -conflict, struggle ‫ﺟﻬﺎﺩ‬
rooted -embedded ‫ﻣﺘﺄﺻﻠﺔ‬
utmost -maximum ‫ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‬
colonialism -imperialism ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬
mitigate -reduce, lessen ‫ﳜﻔﻒ ﻣﻦ‬
bloodshed -excessive bleeding ‫ﺇﺭﺍﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﺀ‬
nucleus -central part ‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
foremost -most important ‫ﺃﻫﻢ‬

3
 Questions

A: Answer the following questions:

1. When and why was the United Nations established?
2. What were the main purposes of the organization?
3. What are the six major organs of this organization?
4. What are the causes of war according to the founders of the
UN?
5. The UN founders thought that keeping peace required ……..

B: Complete the sentences with the suitable words from the table:

Scourge- aftermath- ratifies- strife- mitigates- colonialism-

bloodshed-humanitarian- unanimity- contributors.

1. Many people died in the ………… of the explosion.

2. The decision will have to be ………… by the parliament.
3. The ………… between the right and left wings is increasing
nowadays.
4. The UN is taken actions to …………the poverty of some African
courtiers.
5. Many countries carry on their fight against ………… to get
independence.
6. We need a fire ceasing decision to prevent further …………
7. People see Aids as the …………of the modern world.
8. Our country just sent ………… aid to the war zone.
9. All the members reached ………… on the new suggestion.
10. Big businessmen are major ………… to the economy.

4
 The Security Council

The organ with the primary responsibility for

maintaining peace and security is the Security
Council. Originally the Security Council had 11
members, but now it has 15. Five of these-China,
France, Russia, Great Britain, and the Untied
States-are permanent members. The other ten
members are elected by the General Assembly
for 2-year terms. Each member of the council has one vote.

Decisions on matters of the procedure must be carried by an affirmative

vote of at least 9 of the 15 members. Decisions on substantive matters also
require nine votes, with no negative vote from any of the five permanent
members. This is the so-called Great power unanimity rule often referred
to as the "veto". All five permanent members have exercised the veto right
at one time or another. If a permanent member does not support a decision
but has no desire to block it through a veto, it may abstain; an abstention
is not regarded as a veto. Under the charter, all members of the UN
agree to accept and carry out the decisions of the council. While other
organs of the UN make recommendations to governments, the council
alone has the power to make decisions which member states are obligated
under the charter to carry out. When a dispute leads to open warfare, the
council may decide on cease-fire directives, enforcement measures, or
collective military action. Sometimes it sends UN observers or
peacekeeping forces to help reduce tensions in troubled areas.

A state that is not a member of the UN or is a member of the UN but not

of the Security Council may participate, without vote, in its discussions
when the council considers that the country's interests are especially
affected.

5
 Vocabulary
Explanation

decisions the acts of deciding; choices for ‫ﻗﺮارات‬

judgments a group of people

security Safety. The state of being secure ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺲ‬

council a group of people appointed or ‫اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

elected to make laws

maintaining keeping in existence; supporting ‫داﺋﻢ‬

permanent lasting or intended to last for a long ‫ ﻣﺨﺘﺎر‬- ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ‬

time

elected chosen by voting ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺲ‬

substantive having existence as a separate being ‫أﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬

unanimity consensus; the state of being ‫إﺟﻤﺎع‬

unanimous ; all agreeing

abstain to keep oneself from voting ‫ﻳﻤﺴﻚ – ﻳﻤﺘﻨﻊ ﻋﻦ‬

abstention abstaining; the act of keeping oneself ‫إﻣﺴﺎك – اﻣﺘﻨﺎع ﻋﻦ‬

from voting

charter covenant; compact; convention ‫ ﻋﻬﺪ‬- ‫ﻣﻴﺜﺎق‬

recommendations commendations ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎت‬

obligated obliged; forced ‫ ﻣﺮﻏﻢ‬- ‫ﻣﺠﺒﺮ‬

observers watches; watchmen ‫ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﻮن‬

participate contribute; share; take part in ‫ ﻳﺸﺎرك‬- ‫ﻳﺴﺎهﻢ‬

discussions debates; talk ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺎت‬

6
 Questions

A: Answer the following questions:

1. What the exact responsibility of the Security Council?
2. What are the permanent members of the Security Council?
3. What is "VETO"?
4. What is the role of this organization in case of open warfare or
military troubles?

B: Complete the sentences with the suitable words from the table:

Security – maintain – permanent – elect

1. They hope to ……….. their positions in the company.

2. The council ………. him as the head of the committee head.

3. She is looking for a ……… job.

4. The main interest for our country is its ………..

7
Unit 2
The Economic and Social Council
(ONGO)
The Economic and Social Council, under the authority of the
General Assembly, coordinates the economic and social work of the
UN and the specialized agencies and
institutions. The council makes
recommendations and initiates activities
relating to development, world trade, natural
resources, human rights, population, social
welfare, science and technology, and many
other economic and social questions.
The council has 54 members. One-third
of its members are elected each year by the General Assembly for a 3-
year term of office. Voting in the Economic and Social Council is by
simple majority; each member has one vote.

Vocabulary
Explanation

authority control ‫ﺳﻠﻄﺔ – ﺳﻴﻄﺮة‬

coordinates harmonize; to cause to work together ‫ﻳﻨﺴﻖ‬

agencies organizations ‫وآﺎﻻت – هﻴﺌﺎت‬

initiates starts ‫ﻳﺒﺪأ‬

population the people living in an area ‫اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‬

welfare well- being; luxury; ease; comfort ‫رﻓﺎهﻴﺔ‬

8
 Questions

A: Answer the following questions:

1. What the main responsibility of the ESC?
2. What do you know about the election system in the ESC?
3. Complete
A. each member in the ESC has …….. vote(s).
B. any member can work in the ESC for …….. years at least.

B: Complete the sentences with the suitable words from the table:

Authority – coordinate – agency – initiate – welfare

1. Ford is the very famous car …………

2. We have to ……… our efforts to face this emergency.

3. Social services staff are responsible for the ………. of these

children.

4. The current system gives no ……… to managers, so they no

longer make decisions.

5. Dr. Den ……… some projects for this disabled children.

9
 Trusteeship Council

The Trusteeship council was

established to deal with non-
independent territories previously
held under League of Nations
mandate; territories taken from the
defeated World War II powers and
such other territories as might be
handed over to it by their possessors. It operates under the authority
of the General Assembly.

The Trusteeship Council consists of representatives of those

states which administer trust territories, representatives of
permanent members of the Security Council that do not administer
trust territories, and enough other to assure that membership is
divided equally between administering and non-administering
states. The principal activities of the Trusteeship Council include
receiving annual reports from the administering states, periodically
visiting the trust territories, and receiving petitions from the
territories. Since its establishment, the Trusteeship Council has seen
the trust territories originally placed under its control decline from
11 to only 1.

Vocabulary
Explanation

Trusteeship - custodianship; care tutelage ‫وﺻﺎﻳﺔ‬

non-independent - not free, occupied ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ – ﻣﺤﺘﻠﺔ‬

mandate - areas of land ‫أراﺿﻲ – ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬

representatives - the power given to a country by the league ‫اﻧﺘﺪاب‬

of Nations after the first World War to govern
another country
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territories - agents; deputies. ‫ﻣﻤﺜﻠﻮن‬

membership - the state of being a member of a society ‫ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺔ‬

annual - yearly ‫ﺳﻨﻮي‬

petitions - pieces of paper containing a respectful ‫ﻣﺬآﺮات – اﻟﺘﻤﺎﺳﺎت‬

request of demand made to a government
decline - become less in number, decrease ‫ﻳﻨﺨﻔﺾ – ﻳﻘﻞ‬

Questions

A: Answer the following questions:

1. What's the main responsibility of the Trustee Council?

2. What does the Trustee Council consist of?
3. ……….,………. are from the primary activities of this
organization.
4. The Trustee Council works directly under ……….

B: Complete the sentences with the suitable words from the table:

representative – territories – petition – decline -

trusteeship

1. They present a ………. to the management to ask for allowance.

2. The tornado hit some villages on the ………. of the country.

3. The prices of cars ………. in the winter.

4. Because he's still a child, Paul will stay under his uncle's
………..

5. When you work abroad you have to be a good ……….. of your

country.
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Unit 3
International Court of Justice

The international court of justice

receives cases from states and international
organizations. The court is also empowered
to give advisory opinions when requested
to do so by organs of the UN and
specialized agencies. Generally, states have
preferred to resolve their disputes outside
of the jurisdiction of the court.

Vocabulary
Explanation

court - tribunal, forum. ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬

justice - fairness, equitability, impartiality ‫ﻋﺪل – ﻋﺪاﻟﺔ‬

advisory consultative, having the power to advise ‫اﺳﺘﺸﺎر‬

jurisdiction - power ‫ﺳﻠﻄﺔ‬

12
 Questions

A: Answer the following questions:

1. From where does the ICJ receive cases?

2. What is the main role of the ACJ?

B: Complete the sentences with the suitable words from the table:

court – justice – advisory – jurisdiction

1. ……… is one factor that insures a country's stability.

2. He has a(n) ………… role in our company.

3. The court has no ………… in cases of this kind.

4. He is brought before the ……….. to face the charges against him.

13
 Secretariat

The first secretary-general of the

United Nations was Trygve Lie of Norway,
who served until 1953. Dag Hamarshold, of
Sweden, served from 1953 until his death in
a plane crash in Africa in 1961, when he was
succeed by Utahant of Burma. Kurt
Waldheim of Austria served two
consecutive terms from January 1972to
December1981. In January 1982, Javier Perez
De Cuellar of Peru began a five-year term, ending December 1986.

The Secretariat, an international staff working at UN

headquarters and in the field, carries out the day-to-day work of the
UN. Each staff member takes an Oath not to seek or receive
instructions from any outside authority; under the UN Charter, each
member state undertakes not to seek to influence the Secretariat in
the discharge of its duties. In practice, however, this provision has
been violated.

The work of the secretary-general and the staff is varied and

includes providing mediation in resolving international disputes;
administering peacekeeping operations; preparing surveys of world
economic trends and problems; studying human rights and natural
resources; organizing international conferences; compiling
statistics; and interpreting speeches , translating documents, and
servicing the communications media of the world with information
about the UN.

14
 Vocabulary
Explanation

consecutive - successive, following in regular unbroken order ‫ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﺑﻊ‬- ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺐ‬

headquarters - Place from which operations are controlled ‫ﻣﻘﺮ اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة‬

Oath - a solemn promise; an expression of strong feeling ‫ﻳﺒﻴﻦ – ﻗﺴﻢ‬

using religious words

provision - term ‫ﺑﻨﺪ‬

violated - desecrated; defiled ‫اﻧﺘﻬﻚ‬

trends - tendencies of directions ‫اﺗﺠﺎهﺎت‬

compiling - gathering ‫ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬

Questions
A: Answer the following questions:

1. Give a short background about the former Secretary- Generals

2. What is the main duty of the Secretariat and where do they
work?
3. What does the work of the Secretary-General and the staff
Include?

B: Complete the sentences with the suitable words from the table:

consecutive – headquarters – provision – violate - trend

1. The company's ………… is in Amsterdam.

2. We have added certain ………. into the agreement.
3. The current ………. is towards more part time employment.
4. He was accused of ………. the traffic law.
5. This the third ………… weekend that I have spent working.

15
Unit 4
The General Assembly

The General Assembly is composed of

all member states of the UN. It is the main
deliberative organ of the UN and has the
right to discuss and make
recommendations on all matters within the
scope of the charter. It has no power to
compel action by any government, but its
recommendations carry moral weight as an
expression of world opinion. As new
problems arise, the General Assembly
initiates activities to deal with them. The
General Assembly consequently, has
encouraged humanitarian relief efforts, development programs,
campaigns against colonialism and racism, and the negotiation of
treaties and other agreements on matters of global concern, such as
the Law of the Sea.

The General Assembly expanded its role during the Korean

War. Under the Uniting for Peace resolution, adopted by the General
Assembly in November 1950, the assembly gave itself the lack of
unanimity of its permanent members, fails to act a case where there
appears to be a threat to the peace, a breach of the peace, or an act of
aggression.

Each member of the General Assembly has one vote. Decisions

on important questions - such as recommendation on peace and
security; admission, suspension, and expulsion of member; and
budgetary matters - need a two-thirds majority. Decisions on other
questions are by simple majority. The regular session begins each
year on the third Tuesday in September and continues usually until
mid- December.

16
 Vocabulary
Explanation

Assembly - Society; organization ‫ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬

Deliberative - intentional ‫ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﺎت‬- ‫ﺗﻔﺎوض‬

compel - quell, force ‫ﻳﺨﻀﻊ‬

Arise - to come into being ‫ﺗﻨﺸﺄ – ﺗﻈﻬﺮ‬

Consequently -therefore, hence ‫وهﻜﺬا – ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻲ ذﻟﻚ‬

Campaigns - attacks, raids; drives ‫ﺣﻤﻼت‬

colonialism - imperialism, colonization , colonizing ‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎر‬

Racism - belief that human abilities are determined ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮﻳﺔ – ﻋﺮﻗﻴﺔ‬

racialism by race;

treaties - pacts; conventions ; agreements ‫ﻣﻔﺎوﺿﺎت – ﻣﻌﺎهﺪات‬

Global - international ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬

Threat - menace; threatening ‫ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ‬

Aggression - assault; attack ; offensive; transgression ‫اﻋﺘﺪاء – ﺗﺠﺎوز‬

Questions - causes ; matters; vases ; issues ‫ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ‬

Admission - acceptance ; OK; admittance ; sanction ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬

Expulsion - deportation ; banishment ; exile ‫ إﺑﻌﺎد‬-‫ﻃﺮد‬

Budgetary ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺰان‬

- belonging to a budget

Session ‫دورة‬
-a formal meeting of an organization

17
 Questions

A: Answer the following questions:

1. What are the main duties of the General- Assembly?

2. Which decision does require a two-thirds majority?
3. When does the regular section begin and end?
4. The General Assembly encourages ……..,………..,………

B: Complete the sentences with the suitable words from the table:

assembly – compel – racism – threat – treaty – expulsion

1. As a school boy he was ………. to wear shorts even in winter.

2. The …….. of this club member comforts every one.

3. The two countries have just signed a peace………

4. The authorities are taking steps to fight ……… in schools.

5. The national ……….. has voted to adopt the budget.

6. He faces the ………. of jail because of his crimes.

18
 UN Specialized Agencies

welfare Agencies Other Agencies

‫وآﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻓﻞ اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫هﻴﺌﺎت أﺧﺮي‬
International Labor Organization Universal Postal Union (UPU)
(ILO)
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﺗﺤﺎد اﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬
Food and Agriculture Organization International Civil Aviation Organization
(FAO) (ICAO)
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ واﻟﺰراﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﻴﺮان اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ‬
World Health Organization (WHO) World Meteorological Organization
(WMO)
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻸرﺻﺎد‬
United Nations Educations Scientific International Telecommunication Union
and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (TTU)

‫ﻳﻮﻧﺴﻜﻮ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺤﺎد اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺻﻼت اﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ واﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬

The world Bank (IBRD) Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative
International Bank for Reconstruction Organization (IMO)
& Development
‫اﻟﺒﻨﻚ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻼﺣﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬

international Finance Corporation International Red Cross (ICRC)

(IFC)
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫هﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺼﻠﻴﺐ اﻷﺣﻤﺮ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‬
International Monetary Fund (IMF) United Nations Disengagement Observer
(UNDOF)
‫ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﻨﻘﺪ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻮات اﻷﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة ﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﻲ ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﻘﻮات‬
International Atomic Energy Agency
(IAEA)
‫اﻟﻮآﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺬرﻳﺔ‬
General Agreement of Tariffs and
Trade (GATT)
‫اﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﺮآﻴﺔ و اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة‬

19
Unit 5

International Labor
Organization
(ILO)
Function: To bring together government,
labor, and management oppressing
international labor and manpower
problems; to provide government with
technical assistance, and to develop
world labor standards.
Members: 147.
Head quarters: Geneva.
Recent Development: The U.S. rejoined the ILO on February 18, 1980.
It had withdrawn its membership in 1977 in protest that the agency
had become politicized.

Vocabulary
Explanation
provide give, supply ‫ﻳﻤﺪ ﺑــ‬

standards levels ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬

withdrawn pulled out ‫ﺳﺤﺒﺖ‬

protest objection ‫اﺣﺘﺠﺎج‬

agency association; organization ‫وآﺎﻟﺔ‬

politicized become politically influenced ‫ﻣﻨﺤﺎزة ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺎ‬

20
 Food and Agriculture organization
(FAO)

Function: To help countries increase food

production and improve distribution. To
coordinate the Freedom from Hunger
Campaign, and to help
administer the World Food Program.
Members:152
Headquarters: Geneva.

Vocabulary
Explanation

distribution - allotment: an act of distributing ‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬

administer - manage direct ‫ﻳﺪﻳﺮ‬

headquarters - place from which operations are controlled ‫ﻣﻘﺮ اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة‬

21
 Questions

A: Answer the following questions:

1. What are the function of the ILO and FAO?

2. Where is the ILO and FAO?

3. Why was the membership of the ILO withdrawn?

B: Complete the sentences with the suitable words from the table:

protest – distribution – administer – standard - withdraw

1. We have very high safety ……….. in the laboratory.

2. They made their …………. against the planned new road.

3. The UN ………. its troops from the country.

4. The present government ………. the economy so cleverly.

5. The government tries to achieve equal ……… of wealth.

22
 World Health Organization
(WHO)
_

Function: To direct and coordinate international

health work, to help governments in public
health programs, to set international drug and
vaccine standards, and to promote medical
research.
Members: 157.
Headquarters: Geneva.
Recent Developments: On Jan 27, 1982 WHO stripped the World
Medical Association of its consultative status after 34 years of close
cooperation because of its admission of doctors from South Africa.

Vocabulary
Explanation

coordinate - harmonize ‫ﻳﻨﺴﻖ‬

drug - narcotic ‫ﻣﺨﺪر‬

vaccine - inoculums ‫ﻟﻘﺎح‬

stripped - took off ‫ﺟﺮدت‬

status - situation, position ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻒ‬

admission - acceptance ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬

23
 United Nations Educations, Scientific and
Cultural Organization
(UNESCO)

Function: To broaden the base of education in the

world, to bring the benefits of science to all
countries, and to encourage cultural exchange
and appreciation.
Members: 155.
Headquarters: Paris.
Recent Developments: a recent UNESCO
resolution calling for "new order" in world
information continues to be controversial. Western nations view
mention of overseeing journalistic conduct as potential curbs on the
freedom of the press. Third World countries view "new order" as
way of reducing wholly negative coverage by the Western press and
as a chance to promote "developmental strategies.

Vocabulary
Explanation
broaden -widen, enlarge ‫ﻳﻮﺿﻊ‬

appreciation -praise - ‫ﺗﻨﺠﻴﺪ‬

recent -begun not long age ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜﹰﺎ‬

resolution -decision ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬

controversial -argumentative, debatable ‫ﺟﺪﱃ – ﻣﺜﲑ ﻟﻠﺠﺪﻝ‬

overseeing -observing ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬

curbs -restrictions ‫ ﻗﻴﻮﺩ‬- ‫ﻛﺒﺢ‬

24
 Questions

A: Answer the following questions:

1. Compare the (WHO) and the (UNISCO) according to function,

number of members, headquarters and recent development.

B: Complete the sentences with the suitable words from the table:

drug – broaden – resolution – curb – controversial –

admission

1. Going to university should ………. students' knowledge.

2. …….. to the party will be by invitation only.

3. You must try to put a ……… on your bad temper.

4. The UN passed a ………. to increase aid to the third world.

5. The pain-killing ……… just comforts him.

6. The book was very ………

25
unit 6
International Bank for Reconstruction
Questions
and Development, World Bank
(IBRD)

Function: To further members' economic

development by loans (all loans made to be
guaranteed by government) and technical
advice.
Members: 142.
Headquarter: Washington, DC
Recent Developments: the World Bank
reduced by 40% the volume of low interest
loans it would make in 1982 due to cuts in contributions. On July 2,
1982, the World Bank announced a decision to borrow at floating
rates in short-term markets and to lend at a rate that would change
every six months.

Vocabulary
Explanation

reconstruction -reconstructing again ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬

loans -advances ‫ﻗﺮﻭﺽ‬

announced -made known ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻨﺖ‬

floating -not fixed ‫ﻋﺎﺋﻤﺔ – ﻏﲑ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬

26
 International Finance
Corporation
(IFC)
Function : To assist less developed member
countries by providing risk capital,
without government guarantee, for the
growth of productive private enterprise.
Members: 121.
Headquarters: Washington.

Vocabulary
Explanation
guarantee warranty ‫ﺿﻤﺎن‬

enterprise project ‫ﻣﺸﺮوع‬

Questions
A: Answer the following questions:
1. compare the (IBRD) and (IFC) according to function,
number of members, headquarters.
2. What is the recent development to the IBRD?

B: Complete the sentences with the suitable words from the table:

Guarantee - enterprise – reconstruction – loan

1. Don't forget that this is a commercial ……… we are here to make

money.
2. She is trying to get a $20000 ………... to start her new business.
3. Post-war economic ………. cost our country a lot of money.
4. I signed a money- back ……… when I was taking a loan at the
bank.

27
 International Monetary Fund
(IMF)

Function : To promote international monetary

cooperation and stabilization of currencies,
to facilitate expansion of international trade,
and to help members meet temporary
difficulties in foreign payments.
Members: 143.
Headquarters: Washington, (France).
Recent Development: The IMF cut off $4.9
billion in undrawn portions of loans to 15 financially troubled
countries in April 1982. The loans were frozen because the borrowing
countries had not met IMF belt-tightening requirements. Romania
was the largest borrower to be forced to renegotiate its loan with
$1.06 billion in jeopardy.

Vocabulary
Explanation

monetary connected with money ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻲ – ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻠﺔ‬
stabilization stability; constancy ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮ‬

currencies money ‫ﻋﻤﻼت – ﻧﻘﻮد‬

facilitate to make easy or easier ‫ﻳﺴﻬﻞ‬

portions shares ‫ﺣﺼﺺ‬

renegotiate negotiate again ‫ﻳﺘﻔﺎوض ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬

jeopardy danger, risk ‫ﺧﻄﺮ‬

28
 International Atomic Energy Agency
(IAEA)

Function: To promote the use of nuclear

energy for peaceful purposes; to assist in
nuclear research, development, and
applications; and to apply safeguards
against diversion of nuclear materials to
military use.
Members: 111.
Headquarters : Vienna. ( Sweden).

Vocabulary
Explanation

promote - advance ‫ ﻳﺤﺴﻦ‬- ‫ﻳﺮﻗﻲ‬

applications - implementations ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت‬

safeguards - conditions that tend to prevent harm. ‫إﺟﺮاءات وﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬

diversion - the act of giving something a different direction; diverting ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬

29
 Questions

A: Answer the following questions:

1. compare the (IMF) and (IAEA) according to function,

number of members, headquarters.
2. talk about the recent development to the IMF.

B: Complete the sentences with the suitable words from the table:

monetary – currency - negotiate – promote – safeguard

1. What is the …….. of your country? Dollar or Euro?

2. It was a successful meeting to ……… trade between Taiwan and

the UK.

3. The ……… status is shaped by the hands of businessmen.

4. We take many …….. against children abuse.

5. The government refuses to ……… with terrorists.

30
 General Agreement of Tariffs and
Trade
(GATT)
Function: To establish and administer the
code for orderly conduct of international
trade; to assist governments to reduce
customs tariffs and abolish other trade
barriers; and to operate, jointly with the UN
Conference on Trade and Development, the
International Trade Center providing export
promotion assistance for developing
countries. (GATT rules govern an estimated 80 percent of
international trade.)
Members: 85 participating nations.
Headquarters: Geneva.

Vocabulary
Explanation
trade -buying and selling of goods ‫ﲡﺎﺭﺓ‬

establish -set up ‫ﻳﻘﻴﻢ – ﻳﺆﺳﺲ‬

assist -help ‫ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬

reduce -decrease ‫ﳜﻔﺾ‬

abolish -put an end to ‫ﻳﻠﻐﻰ‬

estimated -calculate the cost, value ‫ﻳﻘﺪﺭ – ﻳﻘﻴﻢ‬

participating -taking part in; having a share ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ‬

annual -yearly .‫ﺳﻨﻮﻱ‬

31
 Questions

A: Answer the following questions:

1. What is the main function of the GATT?

2. Where is the GATT?

B: Complete the sentences with the suitable words from the table:

trade – abolish – assist - estimate

1. The teacher decides to ……… the students' scores.

2. There has been a marked increase in ………. between east and

west.

3. In our world, big countries should ……… the underdeveloped

countries.

4. This law was ……… in the US recently because it proved to be

unjust.

32
Unit 7
Universal Postal Union
(UPU)

Function: To assure the organization and

improvement of the various postal. Services
and to promote, in the sphere, the development,
of international cooperation.
Members: 164.
Headquarters: Bern

Vocabulary
Explanation

postal - adjectival form of post ‫ﺑﺮﻳﺪي‬

sphere - field ‫ ﻣﻴﺪان‬- ‫ﻣﺤﺎل‬

33
 International Civil Aviation
Organization
(ICAO)
Function: To promote safety of
international civil aviation to provide
statistical and economic information for
government and airlines, to work to
reduce the red tape of customs
formalities, and to help developing
countries benefit from air transport.
Members: 150.
Headquarters: Montreal

Vocabulary
Explanation

aviation -art and science of flying an aircraft ‫ﺍﻟﻄﲑﺍﻥ – ﺍﳌﻼﺣﺔ ﺍﳉﻮﻳﺔ‬

formalities -formal acts ‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺷﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬

benefit -profit; advantage ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬

34
 World Meteorological Organization
(WMO)

Function: to promote international meteorological

cooperation, especially in the establishment of a
worldwide network of meteorological stations
and rapid exchange of weather data, to promote
standardization and publication of observations,
and to further meteorological applications.
Members: 154.
Headquarters: Geneva.

Vocabulary
Explanation

meteorological -connected with the science of the weather ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻷﺭﺻﺎﺩ ﺍﳉﻮﻳﺔ‬-‫ﺃﺭﺻﺎﺩﻱ‬

establishment -setting up building ‫ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ – ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ‬

rapid -quick ‫ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‬

data -information ‫ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬- ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

35
 Questions

A: Answer the following questions:

Compare the (UPU), (ICAO) , (WMO) and (ITU) according to

function, number of members, headquarters.

B: Complete the sentences with the suitable words from the table:

postal – aviation – formality – meteorological – data –

instrumental

1. The fist part of the presentation was just ………

2. Getting a gun license here seems to be just a ……….

3. ………. is the science or practice of flying aircraft.

4. We need to collect ………. about the new employees.

5. Satellites are necessary for providing …….. data to the National

Weather Service.

6. There was a remarkable increase in ……… charges. It means that

correspondence is expensive.

36
 International Telecommunications
Union
(ITU)
Function: To promote international cooperation
in radio, telegraph, telephone, and space radio
communications; to be instrumental in
allocating radio frequencies, and to work to
establish the lowest possible charges for
telecommunications.
Members: 157.
Headquarters: Geneva.

Vocabulary
Explanation
instrumental -serving as an instrument or means ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬-‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻲ‬

allocating -distributing ‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬

telecommunications -communications by cable, telegraph, ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ )ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻠﻐﺮﺍﻑ ﺃﻭ‬

telephone, radio or TV. (‫ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻴﻔﻮﻥ – ﺍﱁ‬

37
Unit 8
International Maritime Organization
(IMO)

Function: To promote cooperation on

technical matters affecting shipping to
encourage the highest standards of
maritime safety and efficient navigation,
to convene international conferences on
shipping, and to draft international
maritime conventions.
Members: 122 countries plus one associate.
Headquarters: London.
Recent Developments: The conference on the Law of the Sea
completed its seven-year effort on a comprehensive treaty governing
the use exploitation of the seas. The treaty was adopted in the
General Assembly, 130 members in favor, 4 against
(including U.S.) and 17 abstentions. The treaty calls for a system of
exploitation of mineral deposits of the sea bed which will benefit
private companies who do the mining and the world community,
chiefly have-not nations. It gives maritime countries exclusive
mineral, oil and fishing rights out to 200 miles, reaffirms right of free
passage on the high seas and in world straits, and call for a uniform
12-mile territorial limit. The U.S. announced that it would not sign
the treaty.

38
 Vocabulary
Explanation
encourage - give hope or confidence to, support ‫ﻳﺸﺠﻊ‬

maritime - connected with the sea or navigation ‫ﺑﺤﺮي‬

navigation -the making of voyages on water ‫اﻟﻤﻼﺣﺔ‬

convene - summon persons to come together ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻮ إﻟﻰ اﺟﺘﻤﺎع‬

conventions - pacts, compacts, accords, treaties, agreements ‫ﻣﻌﺎهﺪات‬

alliances
abstentions - abstaining, refrainment ‫إﻣﺴﺎك ﻋﻦ‬

exploitation - making use of ‫اﺳﺘﻐﻼل‬

deposits - wealth ‫ﺛﺮوات‬
have-not - poor, not rich ‫ﻓﻘﻴﺮ‬

39
 International Committee of the Red Cross
(ICRC)

The Red Cross is an international

humanitarian movement with
independent affiliates in 74 nations and
an estimated membership of 100 million.
With the aim of voluntary service to
others, the Red Cross was established to
provide welfare services for victims of war
and to help carry out the terms of the
Geneva Conventions of war. Its work has
been extended to include such peacetime services as maintaining
blood banks, offering in first aid water safety, and caring for victims
of disasters such as floods, fires, and famines. In most countries the
emblem is a red cross, it is, however, a red crescent in Muslim
countries and a red star in Israel.

The Swiss humanitarian Jean Henri Dunant (1828-1891)

established and brought recognition to the Red Cross. The first
voluntary relief services that he proposed were organized in 1863.
The international Committee of the Red Cross is a council of 25 Swiss
citizens, and its headquarter is located in Geneva. It acts as an
independent intermediary among national Red Cross societies and
belligerents during wartime.

The American Red Cross, founded in 1881, is authorized by a

congressional charter requiring the society by law to assist in
wartime and to provide disaster relief.
Local offices may also provide services needed in their communities.
Although the Red Cross is an agency of the federal government, it is
funded by private sources, and its workers are not government
employees. The national headquarters is located in Washington, D.C.
With 3, 124 chapters, it had a staff of 16, 128 in 1979.

40
 Vocabulary
Explanation
affiliates -small organizations attached to a bigger one ‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬

estimated -evaluated ‫ﻣﻘﻴﻢ‬-‫ﻣﻘﺪﺭ‬

voluntary -volunteer, doing things willingly ‫ﺍﺭﺍﺩﻯ‬-‫ﺗﻄﻮﻋﻲ‬

victims of war -persons that are injured or killed as the result of ‫ﺿﺤﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬
war
disasters -catastrophes, calamities ‫ﻛﻮﺍﺭﺙ – ﳏﻦ‬

floods -coming of a great quantity of water in a place that is ‫ﻓﻴﻀﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬

usually dry.
famines -starvations; dearth ‫ﳎﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬

crescent -new moon, half moon "‫ﻫﻼﻝ "ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮ‬

intermediary -acting as a mediator ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ – ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ‬

belligerents -those countries at war ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺎﺭﺑﺔ‬

41
 Questions

A: Answer the following questions:

1. Compare the (IMO) and the (ICRC) according to function, number

of members and headquarters.
2. How many people were working in the ICRC in 1979?
3. What are the extended missions of the ICRC?
4. What is the emblem of the ICRC in Muslim countries and Israel?
5. What are the money rescores for the ICRC?

B: Complete the sentences with the suitable words from the table:

convention – abstention – exploitation - affiliates – victims –

disasters – voluntary – intermediary

1. She does a lot of …….. work for the Red Cross.

2. The draft law was past 134 votes to 19, with 5 ………
3. Our company is just an ……… to the main branch in Japan.
4. There were many different opinions about the European ……….
on human rights
5. We study the controlled ……… of ocean resources.
6. Jackson acted as an ……… between the two opposing parties.
7. The ……… received head injuries from which she died a weak
later.
8. one hundred and twenty people died in china's worst war ………

42
 International and Regional Organizations and Blocs
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎت وآﺘﻞ إﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ودوﻟﻴﺔ‬
Arab league (AL) ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
organization of African Unity (OAU) ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻷﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ‬

Gulf Cooperation Council (GUU) ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﺘﻌﺎون اﻟﺨﻠﻴﺠﻲ‬

Non- Alignment Movement (NAM) ‫ﺣﺮآﺔ ﻋﺪم اﻻﻧﺤﻴﺎز‬
Organization of Islamic (OIC) ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺆﺗﻤﺮ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‬
Conference
The European Community (EC) ‫اﻟﺴﻮق اﻷوروﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮآﺔ‬
Organization for European (OEEC) ‫اﻟﺴﻮق اﻷوروﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮآﺔ‬
Economic Cooperation
Organization of Petroleum (OPEC) ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻤﺼﺪرة ﻟﻠﺒﺘﺮول‬
Exporting Countries
Organization of Arab (OAPEC) ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺪول اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺪرة‬
Petroleum Exporting ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺘﺮول‬
Countries
Southeast Asian Treaty (SEATO) ‫ﺣﻠﻒ ﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﺮق أﺳﻴﺎ‬
Organization
Amnesty International (AI) ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﻔﻮ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‬
US Agency for international (USAID) ‫اﻟﻮآﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‬
Development
Afro-Asian People's (AAPSO) -‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺗﻀﺎﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻌﻮب اﻻﻓﺮو‬
Solidarity Organization ‫أﺳﻴﻮﻳﺔ‬
Organization of American (OCAS) ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ دول أﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬
States
Palestinian Liberation (PLO) ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
Organization
Strategic Arms Limitations (SALT) ‫ﻣﺤﺎدﺛﺎت اﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬
Talks ‫اﻹﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬
World Tourism Organization (WTO) ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬

43
Unit 9
Palestine Liberation Organization
(PLO)

The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

is an umbrella organization composed of several
groups of Palestinians engaged in a struggle to
"liberate" their homeland from what they view as
an illegitimate Israeli state. The PLO considers
itself the political and military arm of Palestinian
Arabs, many of whom flee their homes following
the United Nations partition of Palestine and the
subsequent Arab –Israeli War of 1948. Since then,
many Palestinians have been isolated in refugee
camps, living under squalid and oppressive conditions

The PLO was first formed in 1964 to represent Palestinian

Arabs. In 1969, under the leadership of Al Fatah, one of the more
powerful Arab guerrilla groups, a formal structure was created and
Yasir Arafat. Leader of Al Fatah, was designated its head. In 1947 the
PLO was proclaimed as the only legitimate representative of the
Palestinian people by the Arab countries at the Rabat Conference,
and the UN General Assembly recognized the PLO as "the
representative of the Palestinian people."

In 1982 the Israeli army drove the PLO guerrillas from

their headquarters in Beirut, Lebanon, forcing them to take refuge in
other Arab countries

44
 Vocabulary
Explanation
umbrella - something which covers or includes a wide ‫ﻣﻈﻠﺔ‬
range of different parts.
composed (of) - to be made up of, consisted of ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‬
engaged - involved ‫ اﺷﺘﺮط ﻓﻲ‬-‫ﺗﻮرط‬
liberate - set free ‫ﻳﺤﺮر‬
view - consider ‫ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮون‬
illegitimate - illegal, illicit ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﺷﺮﻋﻲ‬
flee - escape, leave ‫ﻳﻘﺮ – ﻳﻐﺎدر – ﻳﺘﺮك‬
partition - division ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬
subsequent - following ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻲ – اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻲ‬
isolated -separated ‫ﻋﺰﻟﻮا‬
refugee camps - a place for accommodating refugees ‫ﻣﺨﻴﻢ ﻻﺟﺌﻴﻦ‬
refugee - person who leaves his country because of ‫ﻻﺟﺊ‬
wars, disasters.
squalid miserable wretched condition, ‫ﺣﻘﻴﺮ‬
designated - appointed, named nominated ‫ﻳﺒﻴﻦ – اﺧﺘﻴﺮ‬
legitimate - legal, just, valid. ‫ﺷﺮﻋﻲ‬
recognized - acknowledged ‫اﻋﺘﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ أو دوﻟﺔ‬
factions - groups, troops, ‫ﻓﺼﺎﺋﻞ – أﺟﻨﺤﺔ‬
Syrian-backed - back up, uphold ‫اﻟﻤﺪﻋﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺳﻮرﻳﺎ‬
to take refuge - to fall back upon, to seek shelter in with ‫ﻳﻠﺘﺠﺊ‬

45
 Questions
A: Answer the following questions:

1. What is the main function of PLO?

2. When was the PLO founded? And who first headed it?
3. What does PLO consist of?
4. What do the PLO's function differ on?
5. How do the PLO guerrillas take refuge in other Arab countries?

B: Complete the sentences with the suitable words from the table:

Liberate – illegitimate – flee – refugee – faction

1. Many of those insurance policies are ……..

2. Britain has always been a safe place for political ………
3. Many struggles develop between the different ……… of the
party.
4. Jack tried to ………. the country, but was stopped at the
airport.
5. Algeria was …….. from France in 1962.

46
 Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
(SALT)

The era of U.S.- soviet detente that began in the late 1960s was
marked by the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT). The first
phase began in 1969 and concluded in 1972 with two agreements.
One was a treaty limiting deployment of antiballistic missiles
(ABMs) on both sides to two sites (reduced in a 1974 protocol to one
site). This agreement, although opposed by some strategists on both
sides, was seen as a major development in stabilizing the arms race
by reducing the possibility that either side might develop a capability
to protect its own nuclear forces or population while attacking the
opponent's, and by reducing incentives to produce the much larger
numbers of offensive missiles that would be needed to overcome an
ABM defense. The second accord was an interim agreement, which
ran out in October 1977, freezing the number of intercontinental
ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and permitting an increase in submarine-
launched missiles to an agreed level.

The second phase of SALT was complicated by technological

progress. Russia expressed concern over new U.S. weapons systems
not limited by the interim agreement particularly the cruise missile.
Increases in ballistic missile accuracy, coupled with a soviet
advantage in payloads that could be delivered by ICBMs, alarmed
the United States. Nevertheless, in June 1979, presidents Carter and
Brezhnev signed the SALT II treaty in Vienna. It was never approved
by the U.S. SALT Senate because conservatives believed that it would
give Moscow a first-strike potential.

In June 1982 the U.S. Soviet strategic arms reduction talks

resumed. The major U.S. objective at these talks was to give the two
superpowers equal deterrent capacity. Russia proposed a banning of
the first use of nuclear weapons.

In the area of conventional weapons, the most important

initative has been the ongoing Vienna negotiation on mutual
balanced force reductions in Europe. These talks have not reached a
47
resolution because of the inability of the United States and its allies
in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and the USSR and its
allies in the Warsaw Treaty Organization, to agree on data and
formulas for withdrawals of troops, armor, and tactical nuclear
weapons from central Europe.

Vocabulary
Explanation
detente - to agree to behave in a more friendly way ‫اﻧﻔ ﺮاج " ﻓ ﻲ اﻟﻌﻼﻗ ﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‬
Limitation - restriction ‫ﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
treaty - convention, agreement ‫ﻣﺸﺎهﺪة‬
deployment - spreading out ‫اﻧﺘﺸﺎر‬
missiles rockets, ‫ﺻﻮارﻳﺦ‬
opponent's enemy ‫ﻋﺪو‬
offensive aggressive ‫هﺠﻮﻣﻲ‬
accord - treaty, agreement, convention ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة – اﺗﻔﺎق‬
interim - temporary ‫ﻣﺆﻗﺖ – وﻗﺘﻲ‬
accuracy - exactness; correctness ‫ﺻﺤﺔ – دﻗﺔ‬
payloads - the amount of explosive in the heads of ‫اﻟﺸﺤﻨﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺠ ﺮة ) ﻓ ﻲ‬
missiles (‫رأس اﻟﻘﺬﻳﻔﺔ‬
deterrent - prevention ‫ردع‬
banning - prohibition ‫ﺣﻈﺮ – ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻢ‬
initiative - first step ‫ﻣﺒﺎدرة‬
negotiation - parley ‫ﻣﻔﺎوﺿﺔ – ﺗﻔﺎوض‬
allies - alliances, confederates ‫ﺣﻠﻔﺎء‬
formula - form; formulation ‫ﺻﻴﻐﺔ‬
troops - forces ‫ﻗﻮات‬
armor - strong protective metal covering on modern ‫ﺎت‬ ‫ﻮات واﻟﻌﺮﺑ‬ ‫اﻟﻘ‬
vehicles of war ‫اﻟﻤﺪرﻋﺔ‬

48
 Organization of American States
(OAS)

Was formed in Bogota, Columbia,

in 1948. Hq. is in Washington, D.C. It
has a permanent Council, Inter-
American Council for Education,
Science and Cultural, a juridical
Committee and a Commission on
Human Rights. The permanent
Council can call meetings of foreign
ministers to deal with urgent security
matters. A General Assembly meets
annually.
A secretary general and assistant are elected for 5-year terms.
There are 32 members, each with one vote in the various
organizations. Antigua, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Bolivia,
Brazil, Chile, Columbia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica,
Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St. Kitts-Nevis, St.
Lucia, St. Vincent, Suriname, Trinidad & Tobago, U.S., Uruguay,
Venezuela. In 1962, the OAS excluded Cuba from OAS activities but
not from membership.

Vocabulary
Explanation

Hq headquarters; leader seat ‫ﻣﻘﺮ اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة‬

urgent pressing, exigent ‫ﻣﻠﺢ – ﺿﺮوري‬
annually every year, yearly ‫ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺎ‬
assistant helper, vice president, aide ‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ – ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬
elected appointed ‫ﻳﺮﺷﺢ – ﻳﻌﻴﻦ‬
exclude rule out ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺒﻌﺪ‬

49
 Questions

A: Answer the following questions:

1. When did the first phase of SALT begin and end?

2. What did the two treaties of the first phase aim at?
3. Give a little background about the second phase of SALT
4. Why didn't the Vienna negotiation end unsuccessful?
5. What are the main organs and members of OAS?

B: Complete the sentences with the suitable words from the table:

détente – deployment – deterrent – interim – ban – allies – urgent –

exclude

1. He was appointed president until an …….. was established.

2. The art exhibition ……… women artists.
3. Heavy fines act as …….. against this type of crime.
4. There is a …….. on hunting and killing whales here.
5. The troops' ………. to keep peace was very quick.
6. There was a unnecessary ………. between the two countries.
7. The Europe Union arrange a meeting of the European.
8. he was in …….. need of medial attention.

50
Unit 10
Amnesty international
(AI)
Amnesty International, based in
London, is an organization devoted to
helping people imprisoned for their
political or religious beliefs, provided that
they have not used or advocated violence.
It was awarded the Nobel peace Prize for
1977 for its contribution to "securing the
ground for freedom, for justice, and
thereby also for peace in the world." At the
time, it had national sections in 35 countries, members in about 70
more, and been able to obtain the release of 10,600 prisoners.

The organization grew out of an appeal launched in May 1961

by Peter Beneson, a British lawyer, on behalf of prisoners of
conscience. Within a month, Beneson had received more than a
thousand offers to help by collecting information on prisoners,
publicizing cases, and approaching government to seek their release.
Amnesty International opposes the use of torture and the death
penalty, and it issues annual reports on prison conditions
throughout the world. It urges the observance of the United Nations
Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the UN Standard
Minimum Rules for the Treatment of prisoners.

Vocabulary
Explanation
devoted (to) dedicated (to) ‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
imprisoned kept in prison ‫ ﻣﺴﺠﻮن‬- ‫ﺳﺠﻦ‬
advocated support ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻮ اﻟﻰ‬
awarded given the award, win the award ‫ﻓﺎزت ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺎﺋﺰة‬

51
contribution partaking, participation ‫ﻣﺴﺎهﻤﺔ‬
securing saving, protecting ‫ﺣﻔﻆ‬
justice fair ‫ﻋﺪل‬
obtain get, receive ‫ﻳﺤﺼﻞ‬
release freedom, setting free ‫اﻓﺮاج‬
appeal solicit ‫ ﻳﻠﺘﻤﺲ‬- ‫ﻳﻄﻠﺐ‬
launched start, begin, wage ‫ﻳﺒﺪأ‬
prisoners of political detainees ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻘﻠﻮن اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﻮن‬
conscience
on behalf of as the representative of ‫ ﺑﺪل‬- ‫ﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ‬
publicize reveal for the public, release, unleash ‫ﻳﻨﺸﺮ‬
oppose disapprove, disagree, object ‫ﻳﻨﺎهﺾ‬
torture inflicting sever pain, torment ‫ﺗﻌﺬﻳﺐ‬
death penalty capital punishment ‫اﻹﻋﺪام‬
issue publish, publicize ‫ﻳﻨﺸﺮ‬
observance keeping or observing a law or custom ‫ﺣﻔﻆ أو إﺗﺒﺎع ﻗﺎﻧﻮن‬
declaration announcement ‫ﺑﻴﺎن رﺳﻤﻲ‬

52
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
(OPEC)

It was created Nov. 14, 1960 at

Venezuelan initiative. The group has often
been successful determining world oil prices,
and in advancing members' interests in trade
and development dealings with
industrialized oil-consuming nations.
Members in 1986 were Algeria, Ecuador,
Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Kuwait, Libya,
Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab
Emirates, and Venezuela.

Vocabulary
Explanation

created -established ‫ﺗﺄﺳﺴﺖ‬

initiative -an action taken to resolve a difficulty ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬

53
 European Communities
(EC, the Common Market)

Is the collective designation of three

organizations with common membership:
The European Economic Atomic Energy
Community. The 12 full members are:
Belgium, Denmark, France, West
Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal,
Spain, and United Kingdom. Some 60 nations in Africa, the
Caribbean, and the Pacific are affiliated under the Lome Convention.
A merger of the 3 communities executives went into effect July
1, 1967, though the component organization date back to 1958. a
Council of Ministers, a Commission, a European Parliament, and a
Court of Justice comprise the permanent structure. The communities
aim to integrate their economies, coordinate social developments,
and bring about political union of the democratic states of Europe.

Vocabulary
Explanation
collective -of or shared by a number of people considered as ‫ﲨﺎﻋﻲ‬
one or acting as one.
designation - a name or title ‫ﻟﻘﺐ ﳑﻴﺰ‬
affiliated -attached to a longer or organization ‫ﻳﻀﻢ ﺇﱄ‬
merger -a joining together of two or more companies or ‫ﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﺝ‬
firms.
component -element, ingredient – ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻜﻮﻥ‬
council -board ‫ﲨﻌﻴﺔ – ﳎﻠﺲ‬
commission -committee ‫ﳉﻨﺔ‬
comprise -form, compose ‫ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬
integrate -to join to something also to from a whole. ‫ﻳﺪﻣﺞ – ﻳﻮﺣﺪ‬
coordinate -cooperate ‫ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﻖ‬
bring about -build, establish ‫ﻳﻨﺸﺄ‬

54
 Questions
A: Answer the following questions:

1. What are the main functions of the AI, OPEC, and EC?
2. Why was the AI awarded the Nobel Peace Prize?
3. What's the historical background of founding The AI?
4. What were the members of the OPEC in 1988?
5. What's the permanent structure of the (EC)?
6. What do the 3 communities of the EC aim at?
B: Complete the sentences with the suitable words from the table:

devoted – advocate – release – appeal – death penalty – initiative

– collective – merger – torture

1. All board members make a ……… decision about the new system.
2. All prisoners have a right of ……….
3. He died after 5 days of unstopping ………
4. Three members are facing the ………. for spaying.
5. it was a suggested ………… between 2 of the largest software
companies.
6. I don't know why he always ………. women's rights.
7. Police arrested several men, then ……… them later.
8. She was ………. to helping the poor.
9. I like the government ……….. to help exporters.

55
 League of Arab States
(The Arab League) AL

Was created Mar. 22, 1945, by

Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi
Arabia, Syria, and Yemen. Joining
later were Algeria, Bahrain,
Djibouti, Kuwait, Libya,
Mauritanian, Morocco, Oman,
Qatar, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia,
United Arab Emirates and South Yemen. The Palestine Liberation
Organization has been admitted as a full member. The league fosters
cultural, economic, and communication ties and mediates disputes
among the Arab states; it represents Arab states in certain
international negotiations, and coordinates a military, economic, and
diplomatic offensive against Israel. As a result of Egypt signing a
peace treaty with Israel, the league. Mar. 1979, suspended Egypt's
membership and transferred the league's headquarters from Cairo
to Tunis.

Vocabulary
Explanation
admitted accepted, acknowledge ‫اﻋﺘﺮف ﺑﻬﺎ – ﻗﺒﻠﺖ‬
fosters boost, enhance ‫ﻳﻨﺸﻂ – ﻳﻌﺰز – ﻳﺪﻋﻢ‬
mediates to interfere between to reach a solutions ‫ﻳﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
disputes quarrel ‫ﻣﻨﺎزﻋﺎت – ﻣﺸﺎﺟﺮة‬
negotiations talks, debates ‫ﻣﺤﺎدﺛﺎت – ﻣﻔﺎوﺿﺎت‬
offensive attack ‫هﺠﻮم‬
treaty convention, accord, agreement – ‫ﻣﻌﺎهﺪة – اﺗﻔﺎق‬
‫اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ‬
suspended to put off or stop for a period of time ‫ﻳﻌﻠﻖ – ﻳﻮﻗﻒ ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺎ‬
transferred moved from one place to another ‫ﺣﻮﻟﺖ – ﻧﻘﻠﺖ‬
headquarters leader seat ‫ﻣﻘﺮ اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة‬

56
 Organization of African Unity
(OAU)

Formed May 25, 1963 by 32 African

countries (51 in 1986) to coordinate cultural,
political, scientific and economic policies; to
end colonialism in Africa; and to promote a
common defense of members
independence. It holds annual conference of
heads of state. Hq is in Addis Ababa
Ethiopia.

Vocabulary
Explanation

colonialism the principles or practice of having or ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ‬

keeping colonies; imperialism
promote boost, strengthen, foster, enhance ‫ﻳﻌﺰز – ﻳﻨﺸﻂ – ﻳﺪﻓﻊ‬
annual yearly ‫ﺳﻨﻮي – ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺎ‬

57
 Questions

A: Answer the following questions:

1. Which countries founded the (AL)? And when?

2. What is the main function of the (AL)?
3. Why was Egypt's membership suspended in the (AL)?
4. What is the main role of the (OAU)?

B: Complete the sentences with the suitable words from the table:

Foster – mediate – dispute – suspend – colonialism –

offensive – headquarters

1. They plan a military ……… against the apposing countries.

2. UN officials ……… between the two countries at war.
3. These classroom activities are intended to ………. children's language
skills.
4. Talks between the two countries have now been ………
5. Where is the ……….. of the UN?
6. He got into a ……… over a taxi fare.
7. Education in the Third World has been heavily influenced by ………

58
 UNITED NATIONS ‫اﻷﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬

United Nation Mission in Sudan

UNMIS

List of the United Nations Mission in Sudan “UNMIS”

Abbreviations and Acronyms

Acronym English Arabic

AEC Assessment and Evaluation Commission ‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ و اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬
AGL Above Ground Level ‫ﻓﻮق ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض‬
AJMC Area Joint Military Committee ‫اﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮآﺔ‬
AME Aero Medical Evacuation ‫اﻷﺧﻼء اﻟﻄﺒﻲ اﻟﺠﻮى‬
AMET Medical Evacuation Team ‫ﻓﺮﻳﻖ اﻷﺧﻼء اﻟﻄﺒﻲ‬
AO Area of Operations ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬
AOB Any Other Business ‫أي أﻋﻤﺎل أﺧﺮى‬
AOI Area Of Interest ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اهﺘﻤﺎم‬
AOO Area of Operations ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬
AOO Air operation Officer ‫ﺿﺎﺑﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺟﻮﻳﺔ‬
AOR Area of Responsibility ‫ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﻤﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬
APC Armored Personnel Carrier ‫ﻧﺎﻗﻠﺔ ﺟﻨﺪ ﻣﺪرﻋﺔ‬
RC Referendum Commission ‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﺳﺘﻔﺘﺎء‬
ASAs Agreement on Security Arrangements ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎت اﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬
ASC Area Security Coordinator ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺴﻖ اﻷﻣﻨﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻰ‬
ASTM Agency Security Team Meeting ‫ﻟﻘﺎء ﻓﺮق اﻷﻣﻦ ﻟﻠﻮآﺎﻻت‬
ATO Ammunition Technical Officer ‫ﺿﺎﺑﻂ ﻓﻨﻲ اﻟﺬﺧﻴﺮة‬
AU African Union ‫اﻻﺗﺤﺎد اﻷﻓﺮﻳﻘﻲ‬
BNL Bicameral National Legislature ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻐﻠﻘﺔ‬
BOD Board of Directors ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻹدارة‬
BOP Basis of Provisioning ‫أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎت اﻹﻣﺪاد‬
C2 Command and Control ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة و اﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮة‬

59
 CA Court of Appeal ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎف‬
CAO Chief Administrative Officer ‫آﺒﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﻦ اﻹدارﻳﻴﻦ‬
CAS Close Air Support ‫دﻋﻢ ﺟﻮى ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬
CASEVAC Casualty Evacuation ‫إﺧﻼء اﻟﺨﺴﺎﺋﺮ‬
CBOS Central Bank of Sudan ‫اﻟﺒﻨﻚ اﻟﻤﺮآﺰي ﻟﻠﺴﻮدان‬
CC Constitutional Court ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ اﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮرﻳﺔ‬
CCA Comprehensive Ceasefire Agreement ‫اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻼم اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬
CCPO Chief of Civilian Personnel Office ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ رﺋﻴﺲ اﻷﻓﺮاد اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬
CEC Contingent Engineering Company ‫ﺳﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻮات‬
CFA Ceasefire Agreement ‫اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ وﻗﻒ إﻃﻼق اﻟﻨﺎر‬
CFM Ceasefire Modalities ‫أﺷﻜﺎل وﻗﻒ إﻃﻼق اﻟﻨﺎر‬
CFO Chief of Finance Office ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ رﺋﻴﺲ ﻓﺮع اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎت‬
CGS Chief of General Services ‫رﺋﻴﺲ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
CID Criminal Investigation Department ‫ﻓﺮع اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت اﻟﺠﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
CIMIC Civilian Military Coordinator ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺴﻖ اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮي اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ‬
CISS Chief Integrated Support Services ‫رﺋﻴﺲ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
CJMC Ceasefire Joint Military Committee ‫اﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮآﺔ ﻟﻮﻗﻒ‬
‫إﻃﻼق اﻟﻨﺎر‬
CMO Chief Medical Officer ‫رﺋﻴﺲ اﻟﻔﺮع اﻟﻄﺒﻲ‬
CMPO Chief of Military Personnel Office ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ رﺋﻴﺲ اﻷﻓﺮاد اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬
CMR Cargo Movement Request ‫ﻃﻠﺐ ﺗﺤﺮك ﺷﺤﻨﺎت‬
COE Contingent Owned Equipment ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻮآﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻘﻮات‬
CONOPS Concept of Operation ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬
COO Chief of Operation ‫رﺋﻴﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬
COS Chief of Staff ‫رﺋﻴﺲ اﻷرآﺎن‬
CPA Comprehensive Peace Agreement ‫اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻼم اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ‬
CPC Ceasefire Political Commission ‫اﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻮﻗﻒ إﻃﻼق اﻟﻨﺎر‬
CPMT Civilian Protection Monitoring Team ‫ﻓﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬
CPX Command Post Exercise ‫ﺗﻤﺎرﻳﻦ ﻣﺮاآﺰ اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة‬
CS Civil Service ‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬
CSR Convention on Status of Refugees ‫اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﻼﺟﺌﻴﻦ‬
CTO Chief Transport Officer ‫رﺋﻴﺲ ﻓﺮع اﻟﺘﻨﻘﻼت‬
DA Daily Allowance ‫ﻣﺼﺮوف اﻟﺠﻴﺐ اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻲ‬
DD D- Day ‫ﻳﻮم ى‬
DDR Disarmament , Demobilization and Re- ‫ اﻟﺘﺴﺮﻳﺢ و إﻋﺎدة اﻟﻮﺣﺪة‬، ‫ﻧﺰع اﻟﺴﻼح‬
integration ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
DFS Daily Flight Schedule ‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ اﻟﺮﺣﻼت اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻲ‬
DG Deputy Governor ‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ اﻟﻮاﻟﻲ‬
DI Daily Issue ‫إﺻﺪار ﻳﻮﻣﻲ‬
DOP Declaration of Principles ‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ‬
DRC Democratic Republic of Congo ‫ﺟﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﻐﻮ اﻟﺪﻳﻤﻘﺮاﻃﻴﺔ‬
EC Electoral Commission ‫اﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬
EC Executive Council ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬي‬
ECM Executive Council of Ministers ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬي ﻟﻠﻮزراء‬

60
 EOD Explosive ordnance Disposal ‫إزاﻟﺔ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺠﺮات‬
ES Engineering Section ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
ETA Estimated Time of Arrival ‫اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ اﻟﻤﻘﺪر ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮل‬
F of M Freedom of Movements ‫ﺣﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺮآﺎت‬
FF(T) Fact Finding Team ‫ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻘﺼﻰ اﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬
FFAMC Fiscal and Financial Allocation and ‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ و اﻟﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻲ و‬
Monitoring Commission ‫اﻟﻨﻘﺪى‬
FHQ Force Headquarter ‫ﻗﻴﺎدة اﻟﻘﻮات‬
FLB Force Logistic Base ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺸﺌﻮن اﻹدارﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻮات‬
FOB Free on Board ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺸﻐﻮل‬
FP Force Protection ‫ﻗﻮات اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬
FPM Force Provost Marshall ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﺎر اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﻮة‬
FRB Force Reserve Battalion ‫آﺘﻴﺒﺔ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻲ اﻟﻘﻮة‬
FX Foreign Exchange ‫ﺗﺒﺎدل ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬
GNU Government of National Unity ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
GONU Government of National Union ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
GOS Government of Sudan ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﺴﻮدان‬
GOSS Government of Southern Sudan ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺟﻨﻮب اﻟﺴﻮدان‬
GST General Scales Tax ‫اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻌﺎم ﻟﻠﻀﺮاﺋﺐ‬
HAC Humanitarian Aid Commission ‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪات اﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
HC Headcount ‫ﺗﻤﺎم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻓﺮاد‬
HDC Humanitarian Development Community ‫ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻷﻧﺴﺎﻧﻰ‬
HDI Human Development Index ‫آﺸﻒ اﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
HF High Frequency ‫ﺗﺮدد ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬
HLS Helicopter Landing Sites ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ هﺒﻮط اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮات اﻟﻬﻞ‬
HOO Head of the Office ‫رﺋﻴﺲ اﻟﻤﻜﺎﺗﺐ اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬
HPS Helicopters ‫ﻃﺎﺋﺮات هﻠﻴﻜﻮﺑﺘﺮ‬
HQ Headquarter ‫ﻗﻴﺎدة‬
ICHPR International Charter on Human and ‫اﻟﻤﻴﺜﺎق اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ ﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻹﻧﺴﺎن و‬
People’s Rights ‫اﻟﺸﻌﻮب‬
ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross ‫اﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻠﻴﺐ اﻷﺣﻤﺮ‬
ID Identity card ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬
IDPs Internally Displaced Persons ‫اﻷﻓﺮاد اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻟﻴﻦ داﺧﻠﻴﺎ‬
IGAD Inter-Governmental Authority on ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺪاﺧﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬
Development
IMAS International Mine Action Service ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ إزاﻟﺔ اﻷﻟﻐﺎم اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‬
IMC Information Management Cell ‫ﺧﻠﻴﺔ إدارة اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
IMF International Monetary Fund ‫ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﻨﻘﺪ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ‬
IMS IGAD Member Status ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻀﻮ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺪاﺧﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬
IMS Information Management Section ‫ﻗﺴﻢ إدارة اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
IMTC Integrated Mission Training Center ‫ﻣﺮآﺰ ﺗﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬
INC Interim National Constitution ‫اﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮر اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ‬
Inf.Bn. Infantry Battalion ‫آﺘﻴﺒﺔ ﻣﺸﺎة‬
IP Interim Period ‫ﻓﺘﺮة ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬
61
 IPF IGAD Partner’s Forum ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺪى ﺷﺮآﺎء اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺪاﺧﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬
ISS Integrated Support Service ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
J1 Chief of Military Personnel ‫رﺋﻴﺲ ﻓﺮع اﻷﻓﺮاد اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬
J2 Chief of Military Information ‫رﺋﻴﺲ ﻓﺮع اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬
J3 Chief of Operations ‫رﺋﻴﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬
J4 Chief of Logistics ‫رﺋﻴﺲ اﻟﺸﺌﻮن اﻹدارﻳﺔ‬
J5 Civilian Military Coordinator ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺴﻖ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ و‬
‫اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮي‬
J6 Chief of Communications ‫رﺋﻴﺲ ﻓﺮع اﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬
J7 Chief of Military Training ‫رﺋﻴﺲ ﻓﺮع اﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮي‬
JAM Joint Assessment Team ‫ﻓﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮك‬
JAMCCG Joint Assessment Mission Core ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﻷﺟﺮاء ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬
Coordination Group ‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮك ﻟﻠﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬
JDB Joint Defense Board ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﺪﻓﺎع اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮك‬
JIUs Joint Integrated Units ‫وﺣﺪات اﻟﺪﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮآﺔ‬
JMAC Joint Mission Analysis Cell ‫ﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮآﺔ‬
JMAC Joint Mission Analysis Center ‫ﻣﺮآﺰ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮك‬
JMC Joint Military Commission ‫اﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮآﺔ‬
JMCO Joint Monitoring and Co-ordination ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ و اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮآﺔ‬
Office
JMOC Joint Mission Operation Center ‫ﻣﺮآﺰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮك‬
JMT Joint Monitoring Teams ‫أﻃﻘﻢ اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮآﺔ‬
JNTT Joint National Transition Team ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻳﻖ اﻷﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ اﻟﻤﺸﺮك‬
JAOC Joint Air Operations Cell ‫ﺧﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮآﺔ‬
LAN Local Area Network ‫اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬
LEC Local Executive Council ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬي اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻰ‬
LG Local Government ‫اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬
LICUS Low Income Countries Under Stress ‫اﻟﺪول ذات اﻟﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﺪود و ﺗﻌﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺿﻐﻮط‬
LO Liaison Officer ‫ﺿﺎﺑﻂ اﻷﺗﺼﺎل‬
LOAC Law of Armed Conflict ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻟﻨﺰاع اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺢ‬
LOC Lines of Communications ‫ﺧﻄﻮط اﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬
LRP Long Range Patrol ‫دورﻳﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﺪة اﻟﻤﺪى‬
LUB Lubricants ‫ﺷﺤﻮﻣﺎت‬
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ واﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬
MACC Mine Action Coordination Center ‫ﻣﺮآﺰ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻹزاﻟﺔ اﻷﻟﻐﺎم‬
MAOC Mission Air Operation Center ‫ﻣﺮآﺰ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬
MCC Military Coordination Commission ‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮي‬
MCP Mobile Check point ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﻣﺘﺤﺮآﺔ‬
M-Day Mandate Day ‫ﻳﻮم اﺳﺘﻼم اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬
MDTF Multi Donar Trust Fund ‫ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻷﺛﻤﺎن ذو اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻼت‬
MEM Ministry of Energy and Mining ‫وزارة اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ و اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻦ‬
MEMO Memorandum ‫ﻣﺬآﺮة‬
62
METREP Meteorological Report ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ أرﺻﺎد‬
MIC Ministry of International Cooperation ‫وزارة اﻟﺘﻌﺎون اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ‬
MIO Military Information Office (Officer ) ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬
MISC Miscellaneous ‫ﻣﻮاﺿﻴﻊ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ‬
MOF Ministry of Finance ‫وزارة اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
MOFA Ministry Of Foreign Affairs ‫وزارة اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬
MOH Ministry Of Health ‫وزارة اﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬
MOP Movement of Personnel ‫ﺗﺤﺮك اﻷﻓﺮاد‬
MOU Memorandum of Understanding ‫ﻣﺬآﺮة اﻟﺘﻔﺎهﻢ‬
MOU-CH Memorandum of Understanding on ‫ﻣﺬآﺮة اﻟﺘﻔﺎهﻢ ﺑﺸﺄن ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ اﻷﺳﺮى‬
Cessation of Hostilities
MOVCON Movement Convoy ‫رﺗﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﺮك‬
MP Military Police ‫اﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬
MPIO Military Press and Information Officer ‫ﺿﺎﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت و اﻷﻋﻼم اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮي‬
MPS Military Planning Service ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬
MRR Mine Removal Report ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ إزاﻟﺔ أﻟﻐﺎم‬
MSA Mission Subsistence Allowance ‫ﺑﺪل اﻹﻋﺎﺷﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬
MV Monitoring and Verification ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ و اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ‬
NA National Assembly ‫اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻰ‬
NAC National Audit Chamber ‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﺪﻗﻴﻖ اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
NB Not Before ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
NC National Capital ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ‬
NCA National Court of Appeal ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎف اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
NCA National Congress Act ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬
NCA Norwegian Church Aid ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪات اﻟﻜﻨﻴﺴﺔ اﻟﻨﺮوﻳﺠﻴﺔ‬
NCD Number of Calendar Days ‫ﻋﺪد أﻳﺎم اﻟﺘﻘﻮﻳﻢ‬
NCOs Non-Commissioned Officer ‫ﺿﺎﺑﻂ ﺻﻒ‬
NCRC National Constitutional Review ‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ اﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮرﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬
Commission
NCS Network Control Station ‫ﻣﺤﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
NCSC National Civil Service Commission ‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
NCSG Northern Civil Society Groups ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻲ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬
NDDRC Northern Sudan DDR Commission ‫ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل اﻟﻤﺠﻨﺪﻳﻦ و‬، ‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻧﺰع اﻟﺴﻼح‬
‫إﻋﺎدة اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﻮدان‬
NDDRCC National DDR Coordination Council ‫ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل‬، ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻟﻨﺰع اﻟﺴﻼح‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻨﺪﻳﻦ و إﻋﺎدة اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ‬
NE National Executive ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺬ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ‬
NEC National Electrol Commission ‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻻﻧﺘﺨﺎب اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
NG National Government ‫اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
NIL Nothing in Line ‫ﻻ ﺷﻲء ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻄﻮر‬
NJSC National Judicial Service Commission ‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
NL National Legislature ‫ﻣﺸﺮع ﻗﻮﻣﻲ‬
NLC National Liberation Council ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ‬

63
 NLC National Land Commission ‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻷراﺿﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬
NLT Not Later Than ‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮا ﻋﻦ‬
NMAA National Mine Action Authority ‫ﺳﻠﻄﺔ إزاﻟﺔ اﻷﻟﻐﺎم اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬
NMDTF National Multi-Donar Trust Fund ‫ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻷﺛﻤﺎن اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ ذو اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻼت‬

NMPACT Nuba Mountains Program Advancing ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﺼﺮاع اﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪم ﺑﺠﺒﺎل‬
Conflict Transformation
‫اﻟﻨﻮﺑﺔ‬
NOTICASREP Notification of Casualties Report ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻷﺧﻄﺎر ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨﺴﺎﺋﺮ‬
NPC National Petroleum Commission ‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﺒﺘﺮول اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
NPF Northern Political Forces ‫اﻟﻘﻮات اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
NRDF National Reconstruction and Development ‫ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ و إﻋﺎدة اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ‬
Fund
NRF National Revenue Fund ‫ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﻌﺎﺋﺪ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ‬
NRMAO Northern Region Mine Action Office ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ إزاﻟﺔ اﻷﻟﻐﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
NSA National Security Act ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻷﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ‬
NSC National Civil Service ‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
NSC National Supreme Court ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
NSS National Security Service ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ اﻷﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ‬
NTR Nothing to Report ‫ﻻ ﻳﻜﻦ‬
OAGs Other Armed Groups ‫ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺎت ﻣﺴﻠﺤﺔ أﺧﺮى‬
OAGs CC Other Armed groups Ceasefire ‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ وﻗﻒ إﻃﻼق اﻟﻨﺎر اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬
Committee ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى‬
OAU Organization of African Unity ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻷﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ‬
OC Officer Commanding ‫اﻟﻀﺎﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﺴﺌﻮل‬
OCHA Office for Coordination of Humanitarian ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ اﻟﺸﺌﻮن اﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
Affairs
OIC Officer In Charge ‫اﻟﻀﺎﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﺴﺆل‬
OIOS Office of Internal Oversight ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﺸﻜﺎوى اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
OP Observation Post ‫ﻣﺮآﺰ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ‬
OPCOM Operational Command ‫ﻗﻴﺎدة ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻴﺔ‬
OPCOM Operational Command ‫ﻗﻴﺎدة ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻴﺔ‬
OPCON Operational Control ‫ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬
OPORD Operational Order ‫أﻣﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻲ‬
ORBAT Order of Battle ‫أﻣﺮ اﻟﻘﺘﺎل‬
ORSA Oil Revenue Stabilization Account ‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻋﺎﺋﺪ اﻟﺒﺘﺮول‬
PAC Policy Advisory Committee ‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﺎرﻳﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ‬
PAEC Parliamentary Assessment and Evaluation ‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ و اﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﺒﺮﻟﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬
Commission
PB Peace Building ‫ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﻼم‬
PC Presidential Council ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﺮﺋﺎﺳﻲ‬
PCA Permanent Ceasefire Agreement ‫اﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ وﻗﻒ إﻃﻼق اﻟﻨﺎر اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬
PIO Public Information Office ( Officer) ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
PIP Pre-Interim Period ‫ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬
PIR Priority Information Requirements ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬

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 PKO Peace Keeping Operations ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺣﻔﻆ اﻟﺴﻼم‬
POC Point Of Contact ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻷﻧﺼﺎل‬
POW Prisoner of War ‫أﺳﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﺮب‬
PSP Power Sharing Protocol ‫ﺑﺮوﺗﻮآﻮل ﺗﺒﺎدل اﻟﻘﻮى‬
PSYOPS Psychological Operations ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬
QIPs Quick Impact Projects ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوﻋﺎت ذات اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ‬
QRF Quick Reaction Force ‫ﻗﻮة رد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ‬
RAO Regional Administrative Officer ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺌﻮل اﻷدارى ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
RCHQ Redeployment Coordination Headquarter ‫ﻗﻴﺎدة ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ إﻋﺎدة ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻘﻮات‬
RFA Request For Accommodation ‫ﻃﻠﺐ اﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ‬
RFI Urgent Request for Information ‫ﻃﻠﺐ ﻋﺎﺟﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
ROE Rules of Engagements ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻻﺷﺘﺒﺎك‬
RRR Returnees, Re-integration and Refugees ‫ إﻋﺎدة اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ و اﻟﻼﺟﺌﻴﻦ‬،‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﺪﻳﻦ‬
RSOE Regional Secrete rate of Education ‫اﻟﺴﻜﺮﺗﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬
SA Security Arrangements ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎت أﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬
SAF Sudanese Armed Forces ‫اﻟﻘﻮات اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﺴﻮداﻧﻴﺔ‬
SATCOM Satellite Communications ‫اﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻋﺒﺮ اﻷﻗﻤﺎر اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
SC State Constitution ‫دﺳﺘﻮر اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ‬
SC Security Council ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻷﻣﻦ‬
SCM State Council of Ministers ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺲ وزراء اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ‬
SEA Sexual Exploitation Abuse ‫إﺳﺎءة اﺳﺘﻐﻼل اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﺔ‬
SFR Special Flight Request ‫ﻃﻠﺐ ﻃﻠﻌﺔ اﻟﻄﻴﺮان اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬
SHQ Sector Headquarter ‫ﻗﻴﺎدة اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬
SIC State Interim Constitution ‫اﻟﺪﺳﺘﻮر اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﻟﻠﻮﻻﻳﺔ‬
SINCREP Special Incident Report ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺣﺪث ﺧﺎص‬
SIS Special Investigation Section ‫ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻟﺨﺎص‬
SITREP Situational Report ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬
SJ State Judiciary ‫ﻗﻀﺎء اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ‬
SL State Legislature ‫ﻣﺸﺮع اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ‬
SLC State Land Commission ‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻷراﺿﻲ ﻟﻠﻮﻻﻳﺔ‬
SLO Senior Logistics Officer ‫أﻗﺪم ﺿﺒﺎط اﻟﺸﺌﻮن اﻹدارﻳﺔ‬
SMM Senior Management Meeting ‫اﺟﺘﻤﺎع اﻹدارة ﻷﻗﺪم اﻷﻓﺮاد‬
SMO Senior Medical Officer ‫أﻗﺪم اﻟﻀﺒﺎط اﻷﻃﺒﺎء‬
SNAF Sudanese National Armed Forces ‫اﻟﻘﻮات اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻮداﻧﻴﺔ‬
SNR Senior National Representative ‫أﻗﺪم اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻠﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﻴﻦ‬
SOFA Status of Forces Agreement ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﺗﻔﺎق اﻟﻘﻮات‬
SOI Scale of Issue ‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻹﺻﺪار‬
SOMA Status of Mission Agreement ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﺗﻔﺎق اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬
SOO Senior Operations Officer ‫أﻗﺪم ﺿﺒﺎط اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬
SOP Standard Operating Procedures ‫إﺟﺮاءات اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ‬
SP State Police ‫ﺷﺮﻃﺔ اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ‬
SPF Southern Political Forces ‫اﻟﻘﻮات اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ‬
SPLA Sudanese People’s Liberation Army ‫ﺟﻴﺶ اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺸﻌﺒﻲ اﻟﺴﻮداﻧﻲ‬
SPLM Sudanese People’s Liberation Movement ‫ﺣﺮآﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺸﻌﺒﻲ اﻟﺴﻮداﻧﻲ‬

65
 SPS State Police Service ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺷﺮﻃﺔ اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ‬
SPS Special Administrative Status ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻹدارﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬
SRS State Revenue Sources ‫ﻣﺼﺎدر اﻟﺮﺑﺢ ﻟﻠﻮﻻﻳﺔ‬
SRSG Special Representative of Secretary ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﺨﺎص ﻟﻸﻣﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺎم‬
General
SSC State Security Committee ‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ أﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ‬
SSC Southern Sudan Constitution ‫دﺳﺘﻮر ﺟﻨﻮب اﻟﺴﻮدان‬
SSDF Southern Sudan Defense Forces ‫ﻗﻮات اﻟﺪﻓﺎع ﻟﺠﻨﻮب اﻟﺴﻮدان‬
SSL Southern Sudan Legislature ‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻊ ﺟﻨﻮب اﻟﺴﻮدان‬
SSL Southern Sudan Laws ‫ﻗﻮاﻧﻴﻦ ﺟﻨﻮب اﻟﺴﻮدان‬
SSLC Southern Sudan Land Commission ‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ اﻷرض ﻟﺠﻨﻮب اﻟﺴﻮدان‬
SSMDTF Southern Sudan Multi-Donor Trust Fund ‫ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻷﺛﻤﺎن ذو اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻼت ﻟﺠﻨﻮب اﻟﺴﻮدان‬
SSRDF Southern Sudan Reconstruction and ‫ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ و إﻋﺎدة اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻲ‬
Development Fund ‫ﻟﺠﻨﻮب اﻟﺴﻮدان‬
SSSC Southern Sudan Supreme Court ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻟﺠﻨﻮب اﻟﺴﻮدان‬
TACOM Tactical Command ‫ﻗﻴﺎدة ﺗﻜﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
TACON Tactical Control ‫اﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮة اﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
TBA To Be Announced ‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﻹﻋﻼن ﻋﻨﺔ ﻻﺣﻘﺎ‬
TBC To Be Confirmed ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺄآﻴﺪﻩ ﻻﺣﻘﺎ‬
TBD To Be Discussed ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻪ ﻻﺣﻘﺎ‬
TCC Troops Contributing Countries ‫اﻟﺪول اﻟﻤﺸﺎرآﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮات‬
TD Temporary Duty ‫ﻣﺄﻣﻮرﻳﺔ ﻃﺎرﺋﺔ‬
TL Team Leader ‫ﻗﺎﺋﺪ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ‬
TOE Table of Organization and Equipment ‫ﺟﺪول اﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ و اﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬
TOT Training of Trainers ‫ﺗﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﻴﻦ‬
TS Team Site ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ‬
UHF Ultra High Frequency ‫ﺗﺮدد ﻓﻮق اﻟﻌﺎدى‬
UMAC Unified Mission Analysis Center ‫ﻣﺮآﺰ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ‬
UMOC Unified Mission Operation Center ‫ﻣﺮآﺰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ‬
UN United Nations ‫اﻷﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬
UNAMIS United Nations Advanced Mission In ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺔ اﻷﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة اﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ‬
Sudan ‫اﻟﺴﻮدان‬
UNCIV POL United Nations Civilian Police ‫اﻟﺸﺮﻃﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻸﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬
UNCT United Nations Country Team ‫ﻓﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻸﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬
UNDP United Nations Development Program ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬
UNDPKO United Nations Department of Peace ‫ﻓﺮع ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺣﻔﻆ اﻟﺴﻼم اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻸﻣﻢ‬
Keeping Operations ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬
UNDSS United Nations Department of Social ‫ﻗﺴﻢ اﻷﻣﻦ اﻷﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ ﻟﻸﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬
Security
UNEP United Nations Environment Program ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻸﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬
UNHCR United Nations High Commission for ‫اﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻸﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬
Refugees ‫ﻟﺸﺌﻮن اﻟﻼﺟﺌﻴﻦ‬
UNICEF United Nations International Children’s ‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ إﻏﺎﺛﺔ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬
Emergency Fund ‫ﻟﻸﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬

66
 UNMASO United Nations Mine Action Service ‫ﻣﻜﺘﺐ إزاﻟﺔ اﻷﻟﻐﺎم اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻸﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬
Office
UNMIS United Nations Mission in Sudan ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺔ اﻷﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة ﻓﻰ اﻟﺴﻮدان‬
UNMO United Nations Military Observer ‫ﻣﺮاﻗﺐ ﻋﺴﻜﺮي ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻸﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬
UNMODEBO UNMO Deployment Board ‫ﻟﺠﻨﺔ ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﻴﻦ‬
UNMOs A/C UNMOs Advisor and Coordinator ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻖ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﻴﻦ‬
UNNY United Nations New York ‫اﻷﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة ﺑﻨﻴﻮ ﻳﻮرك‬
UNSCR United Nations Security Council ‫ﻗﺮار ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻷﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻸﻣﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة‬
Resolution
USD United States Dollar ‫دوﻻر أﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬
UXO Unexploded Ordnance ‫أﺟﺴﺎم ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻔﺠﻴﺮهﺎ‬
VAT Value Added Tax ‫اﻟﻀﺮاﺋﺐ اﻟﻤﻀﺎف ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬
VHF Very High Frequency ‫ﺗﺮدد ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﺟﺪا‬
VMT Verification and Monitoring Team ‫ﻃﺎﻗﻢ اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ و اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ‬
WAN Wide Area Network ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ واﺳﻌﺔ‬
WB World Bank ‫اﻟﺒﻨﻚ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ‬
WFP World Food Program ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻐﺬاء اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻰ‬
WK Western Kordofan ‫آﺮد ﻓﺎن اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
WPN Weapon ‫ﺳﻼح‬

67
PEACE KEEPING TERMINOLOGY

Active defense ‫دﻓﺎع ﻧﺸﻂ‬

Advance guard ‫ﺣﺮس ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
Advanced Training ‫ﺗﺪرﻳﺐ راﻗﻲ‬
Air cover ‫ﻏﻄﺎء ﺟﻮى‬
Air support ‫ﻣﻌﺎوﻧﺔ ﺟﻮﻳﺔ‬
airborne ‫ﻗﻮات ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﺟﻮا‬
ِAirheads ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻌﺎدﻳﺔ أو ﻣﺴﻴﻄﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻌﺪو‬
Ambush ‫آﻤﻴﻦ‬
Annihilation ‫إﺑﺎدة‬
AO – area of operation ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬
Armored personnel carrier ‫ﻧﺎﻗﻠﺔ ﺟﻨﺪ ﻣﺪرﻋﺔ‬
Arms control ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ إﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﺴﻼح‬
Artillery preparations ‫ﺗﺤﻀﻴﺮات اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬
assume ‫اﺗﺨﺎذ أوﺿﺎع اﻟﻬﺠﻮم‬
AT - antitank ‫ﻣﻀﺎد ﻟﻠﺪﺑﺎﺑﺎت‬
Automatic Rifle ‫ﺑﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ ﺁﻟﻴﺔ‬
Barrel ‫ﻣﺎﺳﻮرة اﻟﺒﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ‬
Basic Training ‫ﺗﺪرﻳﺐ أﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬
Battalion ‫آﺘﻴﺒﺔ‬
Battery ‫ﺳﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺪﻓﻌﻴﺔ‬
Battle ‫ﻣﻌﺮآﺔ‬
Battle of all arms ‫ﻣﻌﺮآﺔ آﻞ اﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬
Battlefield ‫ﻣﻴﺪان اﻟﻘﺘﺎل‬
Bayonet ‫ﺳﻮﻧﻜﻰ‬
BHL – battle handover line ‫ﺧﻂ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬

68
 ‫‪Blitz‬‬ ‫ﻏﺎرة ﺧﺎﻃﻔﺔ‬
‫‪Blitzkrieg‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮب ﺧﺎﻃﻔﺔ‬
‫‪Block‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺑﺎس‬
‫‪Border clashes‬‬ ‫اﺷﺘﺒﺎآﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺪود‬
‫‪Border dispute‬‬ ‫ﻧﺰاع ﺣﻮل اﻟﺤﺪود‬
‫‪Breakthrough‬‬ ‫اﻗﺘﺤﺎم‬
‫‪Bugle‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮوﺟﻲ‬
‫‪Bugle call‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺑﺔ‬
‫‪Bulge‬‬ ‫ﺛﻐﺮة واﺳﻌﺔ‬
‫‪Bulk‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮة‬
‫‪Bullet‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫‪Butt‬‬ ‫دﺑﺸﻚ‬
‫‪Bypassed enemy units‬‬ ‫وﺣﺪات اﻟﻌﺪو اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺨﻄﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫وﺣﺪات اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫‪Caliber‬‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺎر‬
‫‪camouflage‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﻮﻳﻪ‬
‫‪Capitulation‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺴﻼم‬
‫‪Cardinal points‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻂ أﺷﺎرﻳﺔ‬
‫‪Casualties‬‬ ‫ﺧﺴﺎﺋﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻓﺮاد‬
‫‪Cease fire‬‬ ‫وﻗﻒ اﻟﻘﺘﺎل‬
‫‪Choke points‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎط اﻻﺧﺘﻨﺎق‬
‫‪Civil defense‬‬ ‫دﻓﺎع ﻣﺪﻧﻲ‬
‫‪Civil war‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮب أهﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫‪Close support fire‬‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺮان اﻟﻤﻌﺎوﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬
‫‪Cold war‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮب ﺑﺎردة‬
‫‪Column‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﺮﺗﻞ‬
‫‪Combat efficiency‬‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻔﺎءة اﻟﻘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫‪Combat readiness‬‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻌﺪاد اﻟﻘﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫‪Combat security‬‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﺘﺎل‬
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 Combat zone ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻘﺘﺎل‬
Combined operations ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻣﺸﺘﺮآﺔ‬
Company ‫ﺳﺮﻳﺔ‬
Concealment ‫إﺧﻔﺎء‬
Court-martial ‫ﻳﺤﺎآﻢ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﺎ‬
CS – combat support ‫اﻟﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﻘﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
CSS – combat service support ‫دﻋﻢ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
D - Day ‫ﻳﻮم ى‬
Delay ‫ﻗﺘﺎل ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻠﻰ‬
Delaying tactics ‫أﺳﻠﻮب اﻟﻘﺘﺎل اﻟﺘﻌﻄﻴﻠﻰ‬
Demilitarized zone ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﺰوﻋﺔ اﻟﺴﻼح‬
Demolition ‫ﻗﻨﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺪﻣﺮة‬
Deployment ‫ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻘﻮات‬
Desert warfare ‫ﺣﺮب اﻟﺼﺤﺮاء‬
Destruction ‫ﺗﺪﻣﻴﺮ‬
Detachment ‫ﻣﻔﺮزة‬
Devastation ‫اآﺘﺴﺎح‬
Diplomatic warfare ‫اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﺪﺑﻠﻮﻣﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
Direct fire ‫ﻧﻴﺮان ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬
Dispute over water ‫ﻧﺰاع ﺣﻮل ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‬
Division ‫ﻓﺮﻗﺔ‬
Do you copy ? ‫هﻞ ﺗﺴﻤﻌﻨﻲ ؟‬
EA – engagement area ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻻﺷﺘﺒﺎك‬
Echelon ‫ﻧﺴﻖ‬
Economic warfare ‫ﺣﺮب اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ‬
Effective Range ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻣﻰ اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮ‬
Electronic warfare ‫ﺣﺮب اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬
Empty case ‫اﻟﻈﺮف اﻟﻔﺎرغ‬

70
 Encirclement ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﻖ‬
Encircling ‫ﺣﺼﺎر‬
Encounter battle ‫ﻣﻌﺮآﺔ ﺗﺼﺎدﻣﻴﺔ‬
Engagement ‫اﺷﺘﺒﺎآﺎت‬
Envelopment ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﻖ‬

Envelopment ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎف‬
Ethnic war ‫ﺣﺮب ﻋﺮﻗﻴﺔ‬
Exploitation ‫اﺳﺘﻐﻼل اﻟﻨﺠﺎح‬
FEBA – forward edge of battle area ‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﻮات ﻓﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻴﺪان‬
Field army ‫ﺟﻴﺶ ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻲ‬
Fire sacks ‫ﺟﻴﻮب ﻧﻴﺮا ﻧﻴﺔ‬
Fire support ‫ﻣﻌﺎوﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻴﺮان‬
Firing pin ‫إﺑﺮة ﺿﺮب اﻟﻨﺎر‬
Fix the enemy ‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﻌﺪو‬
Fixed wing aircraft ‫ﻃﺎﺋﺮة ﻋﺎدﻳﺔ‬
Flame thrower ‫ﻗﺎذف ﻟﻬﺐ‬
Flank ‫أﺟﻨﺎب‬
Forego ‫ﻳﻀﻴﻊ ﻓﺮﺻﻪ‬
Fortification ‫ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻦ‬
FRAGOs – fragmentary orders ‫أواﻣﺮ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬
Fratricide ‫ﺗﺪﻣﻴﺮ ﻗﻮات ﺻﺪﻳﻘﺔ‬
Front line states ‫دول اﻟﻤﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‬
FSCM – fire support coordinating ‫إﺟﺮاءات ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ اﻟﺪﻋﻢ‬
measures ‫اﻟﻨﻴﺮاﻧﻲ‬

Gap ‫ﺛﻐﺮة‬
Global strategy ‫إﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬
Grades ‫اﻟﺪرﺟﺎت‬

71
 Guerrilla warfare ‫ﺣﺮب اﻟﻌﺼﺎﺑﺎت‬
Gunpowder ‫ﺑﺎرود‬
H – Hour ‫ﺳﻌﺖ س‬
Hand-to-hand fighting ‫ﻗﺘﺎل ﻳﺪا ﺑﻴﺪ‬
Harassing fire ‫ﻧﻴﺮان اﻹزﻋﺎج‬
Harassing tactics ‫أﺳﻠﻮب اﻹزﻋﺎج‬
Headquarter ‫ﻣﻘﺮ اﻟﻘﻴﺎدة‬
Heavy machine gun ‫رﺷﺎش ﺛﻘﻴﻞ‬
Hit and run ‫اﻟﻜﺮ و اﻟﻔﺮ‬
Home front ‫ﺟﺒﻬﺔ داﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
Howitzer ‫هﺎو ﺗﺰر‬
Ideological differences ‫ﺧﻼﻓﺎت ﻋﻘﺎﺋﺪﻳﺔ‬
Ideological war ‫اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﻌﻘﺎﺋﺪﻳﺔ‬
Indirect fire ‫ﻧﻴﺮان ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬
Infantryman ‫ﻓﺮد ﻣﺸﺎة‬
Influx of refugees ‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻼﺟﺌﻴﻦ‬
Inherent attack ‫هﺠﻮم ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬
Intercontinental ballistic missiles ‫ﺻﻮارﻳﺦ ﻋﺎﺑﺮة اﻟﻘﺎرات‬
Intervals ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻜﻮﻧﺘﻮرات‬
JSTARS – joint surveillance target ‫ﻧﻈﺎم رادار اﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮك‬
attack radar system ‫ﻟﺮﺻﺪ اﻷهﺪاف‬

Killing Zone ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻘﺘﻞ‬

Landmarks ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت ﺑﺎرزة‬
Large scale fighting ‫ﻗﺘﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎق واﺳﻊ‬
Large-scale map ‫ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ذات ﻣﻘﻴﺎس رﺳﻢ‬
‫آﺒﻴﺮ‬
Light machine gun ‫رﺷﺎش ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
Limited war ‫ﺣﺮب ﻣﺤﺪودة‬
LOA – limit of advance ‫ﺣﺪ اﻟﺘﻘﺪم‬
72
 LOCs – lines of communication ‫ﺧﻄﻮط اﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬
Logistics ‫ﺷﺌﻮن اﻹﻋﺎﺷﺔ‬
Long-range missiles ‫ﺻﻮارﻳﺦ ﺑﻌﻴﺪة اﻟﻤﺪى‬
Lose ‫ﻳﻔﻘﺪ‬
Loss ‫ﺧﺴﺎرة‬
Magazine ‫ﺧﺎزﻧﺔ اﻟﺒﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ اﻵﻟﻴﺔ‬
Major power ‫ﻗﻮى آﺒﺮى‬
maneuvers ‫ﻣﻨﺎورات‬
Material ‫ﻣﻌﺪات‬
MBA – main battle area ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮآﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
Mechanized infantry ‫ﻣﺸﺎة ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
Medium machine gun ‫رﺷﺎش ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
Medium-size power ‫ﻗﻮى ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬
METT-T (mission, enemy, terrain, ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻷرض‬،‫اﻟﻌﺪو‬، ‫اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬
troops and time available) ‫اﻟﻘﻮات و اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺎح‬،

Milestones ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻴﻞ‬

Militarization ‫ﻋﺴﻜﺮة‬
Military expenditure ‫اﻷﻧﻔﺎق اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮي‬
Military government ‫ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬
Military governor ‫ﺣﺎآﻢ ﻋﺴﻜﺮي‬
Military installation ‫ﻣﻨﺸﺄة ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬
Military law ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻋﺴﻜﺮي‬
Military law ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن اﻷﺣﻜﺎم اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬
Military strategy ‫إﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬
Military tribunal ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬
Militia ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺸﻴﺎ‬
Mobile defense ‫دﻓﺎع ﻣﺘﺤﺮك‬
Mortar ‫هﺎون‬

73
 Mountain warfare ‫اﻟﺤﺮب اﻟﺠﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬
Movement to contact ‫ﺗﺤﺮك ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ اﺗﺼﺎل‬
MSRs – main supply routes ‫ﻃﺮق اﻹﻣﺪاد اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
Multi-channel wireless(system) ‫ﺟﻬﺎز ﻻﺳﻠﻜﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻟﻘﻨﻮات‬
Munitions ‫ﻋﺘﺎد ﺣﺮﺑﻲ‬
Muzzle ‫ﻓﻮهﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺳﻮرة‬
Muzzle velocity ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺬوف‬
Neutron bomb ‫اﻟﻘﻨﺒﻠﺔ اﻟﻨﻴﻮﺗﺮوﻧﻴﺔ‬
Noman's land ‫أرض ﻻ ﻳﻤﻠﻜﻬﺎ أﺣﺪ‬
Nuclear deterrence ‫اﻟﺮدع اﻟﻨﻮوي‬
Nuclear warhead ‫رأس ﻧﻮوي‬
Object ‫اﻟﻐﺮض ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ أو ﺣﺮب‬
Objective (‫ﻏﺮض )ﻟﻸﺣﺘﻼل‬
Obliteration ‫إﺑﺎدة اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎت‬
Occupation ‫اﺣﺘﻼل‬
Occupation forces ‫ﻗﻮات اﻻﺣﺘﻼل‬
out ‫اﻧﺘﻬﻰ‬
Outflank ‫ﻳﻠﺘﻒ ﺣﻮل‬
Over ‫ﺣﻮل‬
Overrun ‫ﻳﺠﺘﺎح‬
Panzer ‫ﻣﺪرع‬
Para-military organizations ‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎت ﺷﺒﺔ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬
Perimeter ‫ﻧﻄﺎق دﻓﺎع ﻣﺤﻠﻰ‬
Personnel ‫أﻓﺮاد‬
Pincer movement ‫ﺣﺮآﺔ آﻤﺎﺷﺔ‬
Pistol ‫ﻣﺴﺪس‬
Platoon ‫ﻓﺼﻴﻠﺔ‬
POL – petroleum , oil and lubricants ‫ اﻟﺰﻳﻮت و‬، ‫اﻟﺒﺘﺮول‬
‫اﻟﺸﺤﻮﻣﺎت‬
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 Popular resistance ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ‬
Prelude ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
Protracted war ‫ﺣﺮب ﻣﻄﻮﻟﺔ‬
Protractor ‫ﻣﻨﻘﻠﺔ‬
Provocation action ‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺰازى‬
Provocations ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺰازات‬
Psychological warfare ‫ﺣﺮب ﻧﻔﺴﻴﺔ‬
Pursuit ‫اﻟﻤﻄﺎردﻩ‬
Pursuit ‫اﻟﻤﻄﺎردة‬
Raid ‫ﻏﺎرة‬
Railway crossing ‫ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺳﻜﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ‬
Railway junction ‫ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺳﻜﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ‬
Range ‫ﻣﺮﻣﻲ اﻟﺒﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ‬
Rate of fire ‫ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻨﻴﺮان‬
RCs – rifle corps ‫ﻓﻴﻠﻖ ﻣﺸﺎة ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻞ‬
RDs – rifle division ‫ﻓﺮﻗﺔ ﻣﺸﺎة ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻠﺔ‬
rear ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺧﺮة‬
Rear action ‫أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺆﺧﺮة‬
Rear guard ‫ﺣﺮس اﻟﻤﺆﺧﺮة‬
Recognized borders ‫ﺣﺪود ﻣﻌﺘﺮف ﺑﻬﺎ‬
Recoilless weapons ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﻋﺪﻳﻤﺔ اﻷرﺗﺪاد‬
Refugees ‫ﻻﺟﺌﻮن‬
Regiment ‫ﻓﻮج‬
Regiment ‫آﺘﻴﺒﺔ ﻣﺪﻓﻌﻴﺔ أو ﻣﺪرﻋﺎت‬
Regional power ‫ﻗﻮى اﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬
Relief map ‫ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻣﺠﺴﻤﺔ‬
Religious war ‫ﺣﺮب دﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬
Reorganization ‫اﻋﺎدة ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬

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 Reprisal ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎم‬
Retaliation ‫رد‬
Ridge ‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺟﺒﺎل‬
Ridgeline ‫ﺧﻂ ﺗﺒﺎب ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬
Rifle ‫ﺑﻨﺪﻗﻴﺔ‬
Round ‫دﻓﻌﺔ ﻃﻠﻘﺎت‬
Secrecy ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻳﺔ‬
Security ‫اﻷﻣﻦ‬
Self-propelled gun ‫ﻣﺪﻓﻊ ذاﺗﻰ اﻟﺤﺮآﺔ‬
Shooting Range ‫ﻣﻴﺪان اﻟﺮﻣﺎﻳﺔ‬
Shooting Training ‫ﺗﺪرﻳﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﺮب اﻟﻨﺎر‬
Shoulders of penetration ‫أآﺘﺎف ﺛﻐﺮﻩ اﻷﺧﺘﺮاق‬
Sight ‫ﻧﺎﺷﻨﻜﺎة‬
Skirmishes ‫ﻣﻨﺎوﺷﺎت‬
Smaller power ‫ﻗﻮى ﺻﻐﺮى‬
Sniper ‫ﻗﻨﺎص‬
Specialized Training ‫ﺗﺪرﻳﺐ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ‬
Squad ‫ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬
Squadron ‫ﺳﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺪرﻋﺎت‬
Star wars ‫ﺣﺮب اﻟﻨﺠﻮم‬
Static defense ‫دﻓﺎع ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
Stragglers ‫ﺷﺎردﻳﻦ‬
Strategic weapons ‫أﺳﻠﺤﺔ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬
Stubborn resistance ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻋﻨﻴﻔﺔ‬
Sub-machine gun ‫رﺷﺎش ﻗﺼﻴﺮ‬
Surprise ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺟﺄة‬
Target (‫هﺪف )ﻟﻀﺮب‬
Technical support ‫ﻣﻌﺎوﻧﺔ ﻓﻨﻴﺔ‬

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 Telecommunications ‫اﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ وﻻ ﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬
Tempo ‫درﺟﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﻪ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬
Territorial claims ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻣﻊ اﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬
Territorial dispute ‫ﻧﺰاع ﺣﻮل أرض‬
Territorial gains ‫ﻣﻜﺎﺳﺐ اﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬
Territorial water ‫ﻣﻴﺎة اﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬
The frontline ‫اﻟﺠﺒﻬﺔ‬
To abandon ‫ﻳﻬﺠﺮ‬
To advance ‫ﻳﺘﻘﺪم‬
To capture (position ) ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻮﻟﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
To capture (troops ) ‫ﻳﺄﺳﺮ‬
To deny information ‫ﻳﺤﺮم )اﻟﻌﺪو(ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
To gather information ‫ﻳﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
To maintain (position) ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻔﻆ ﺑﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
To pursue ‫ﻳﻄﺎرد‬
To retreat ‫ﻳﺘﻘﻬﻘﺮ‬
To silence ‫ﻳﺴﻜﺖ‬
To soften defences ‫ﻳﻠﻴﻦ اﻟﺪﻓﺎﻋﺎت‬
To stiffen defences ‫ﻳﻘﻮى اﻟﺪﻓﺎﻋﺎت‬
To surrender ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺴﻠﻢ‬
To withdraw ‫ﻳﻨﺴﺤﺐ‬
To withhold (position) (‫ﻳﺘﻤﺴﻚ )ﺑﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
Total war ‫ﺣﺮب ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
Tracing bullet ‫ﻃﻠﻘﺔ آﺎﺷﻔﺔ‬
Tribal war ‫ﺣﺮب ﻗﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬
Trigger ‫اﻟﺰﻧﺎد‬
Troop ‫ﻓﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﺪﻓﻌﻴﺔ أو ﻣﺪرﻋﺎت‬
Unconditional surrender ‫اﺳﺘﺴﻼم ﺑﻼ ﺷﺮوط‬

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Unknown soldier memorial ‫ﻧﺼﺐ اﻟﺠﻨﺪى اﻟﻤﺠﻬﻮل‬
Unopposed ‫ﺑﻼ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
vee ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ رأس ﺳﻬﻢ ﻣﻌﻜﻮس‬
Verbal war ‫ﺣﺮب آﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬
Vertical envelopment ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﻖ رأﺳﻲ‬

Vulnerability ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻘﻮط ﻓﻰ ﻳﺪ اﻟﻌﺪو‬

War dead cemetery ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﺮ اﻟﺸﻬﺪاء‬
War games ‫ﻣﺒﺎرﻳﺎت ﺣﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
War of attrition ‫ﺣﺮب اﺳﺘﻨﺰاف‬
War of nerves ‫ﺣﺮب أﻋﺼﺎب‬
Warrant officer ( ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ) درﺟﺔ‬
Weapon Training ‫ﺗﺪرﻳﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻼح‬
Wireless (system) ‫ﺟﻬﺎز ﻻﺳﻠﻜﻰ‬

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