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INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER NO: 01
 INTRODUCTION
In this chapter the researcher introduced the topic “Causes of deteriorating standards of
education in public school of city Rahim Yar Khan” In this chapter the objectives, significance,
limitations and delimitations and methodology of the study is mentioned.
The education is becoming one of the defining enterprises of the 21st century with the
emergence of globalization and increasing global competition. Dr. Pervaz Aslam (2005)
describes that in the fast changing and competitive world, education and technology are the
master keys for respectable survival and progress of Pakistan. Pakistan is determined to respond
positively to emerging needs, opportunities and challenges of globalization.
Education is being considered a key to change and progress. Progress and prosperity of
the country depends on the kind of education that is provided to the people. This study was
designed to explain and highlight the standards of education at secondary level in Rahim Yar
Khan. Educational standards present criteria by which judgments can be made by state and local
school personnel and communities, helping them to decide which curriculum, laws of
administration, health program, staff development activity and assessment program is
appropriate. Educational standards encourage policies that will bring coordination, consistency,
and coherence to the improvement of the process of education.
They allow everyone to move in the same direction, with the assurance that the risks they
take in the name of improving education will be supported by policies and practices throughout
the system. JavaScript (story print) (2004) evaluated that Academic standards describe what
students should know and be able to do in the core academic subjects at each grade level.
Content standards describe basic agreement about the body of education knowledge that all
students should know. Performance standards describe what level of performance is good
enough for students to be described as advanced, proficient, below basic, or by some other
performance level.
Usually educational standard stands for quality of education. Quality has been the goal of
an eternal quest through the corridors of human history. It has been the divining force of all
human endeavors. Concerning standard or quality of education the Marmar Mukhopadhyay
(2005) clears that defining quality of education is a challenge since it deals with the most
sensitive creation on earth, the human beings. Industrial products are finished goods, but
education has no such finished product, nor even the graduates.
 Educational standards of Pakistan have been a burning issue among the educationalists
since independence. Every member of the society has its own views concern the educational
standards in Pakistan. Although every government tried its best to raise the standards of
education but their efforts were mainly limited to preparing only educational policies in papers.
We could not find practical implementation of their recommendations regarding standards of
education in Pakistan. In the more vast sense a standard is anything used to measure, for example
a standard of conduct, a standard of weight or length.
Actually a standard is a thing which has been used as a model to which objects or actions
may be compared. The standard of education is defined in encyclopedia of education (1985) in
the following sense:
“In the education context, then, standards should be regarded as objectives to be achieved
or expectations of desirable attitude or levels of performance”
For more defining the standard of education, we actually have to provide the answers of
some questions, like which types of aims regarding education are considered in the current
educational system? How these aims are set? To what extent these aims are achieved? How
much these aims are related with the society? Which principles are considered while planning
curriculum? Which teaching method can be suitable according to the age and psychological need
of the child? By providing the answers of these questions we can describe the standards of
education easily. The present education system of Pakistan has failed to disclose before the new
generation the founding reasons of Pakistan. Musa khan Jalalzai (2005) stated that the disastrous
results of this negligence are now evident in every walk of life. The responsibility for this
deterioration lies with influential factions and those in power. The most alarming aspect besides
ideological confusion and moral degradation is the falling standard of education. Due to constant
decay Pakistan educational document are now no more acceptable abroad. Muhammad Naeem
(2009) stated that currently, the government claims that Pakistan has a literacy rate of 47%.
However, independent analysts and educational organizations put the actual figure at about 20%
at secondary level. Most of the private schools serve as tuition centers to prepare students for
board exams, rarely providing quality education and opportunities for intellectual growth. It is
noteworthy to mention here that the GDP for education was 2.4 percent in the 1988, while
despite claiming the sky high efforts by the government in the education zone; it just succeeded
to touch the 2.9 percent of the GDP in the budget of 2007-08. This less attention of the
government also declines the educational standards at secondary level. For analyzing the existing
educational standards, the researchers collected the views of the employees and teachers so that
the main reasons of declining educational standards could come before us.
1.1STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Following is the statement of the problem on which research was conducted:
“Causes of deteriorating standards of education in public school of city Rahim Yar
Khan”
1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
Following were the specific objectives of the study:
i. To define the actual meaning of educational standards.
ii. To analyze/examine the different factors and their impacts of causes of deteriorating
standards of education in public school of Rahim Yar Khan.
iii. To ascertain the majors causes of deteriorating standards of education and how these
causes will be eliminated effectively.
iv. To analyze the views and opinion of employees and teachers about the main reasons of
deteriorating educational standards public school of Rahim Yar Khan.
v. Understand which leadership style or techniques and strategies are most effective in
addressing and eliminating the causes of deteriorating standards of education in public
school of Rahim Yar Khan.
vi. To give the recommendations to improve the standards and performance of education in
public school of Rahim Yar Khan.

Unfortunately, there appears to be a gap in the research identifying which

leadership styles or techniques and strategies are more effective in dealing with causes of
deteriorating standard of education before the dispute escalates to more extreme behavior
requiring disciplinary action.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study is considered relevant public schools in territory of City Rahim Yar Khan ,
Punjab Pakistan, Since the effect of causes of deteriorating standards of education can hinder
the performance of the public schools. It will also help in creating a cordial relationship, which
is necessary for a conducive environment.
 The knowledge gained will also be vital the government in making the right policies that
will positively affect the public schools; it is also relevant to B.Ed students in furthering their
studies especially in research work. The study will be helpful for the following purpose:
i. The study will be helpful to know what are the factors of causes through which can
we improve the standards of education in public schools.
ii. The study will give sufficient, reliable and valid results for future researchers who
will intend to work on causes of deteriorating standards of education in public school
of Rahim Yar Khan.
iii. This study will be helpful to understand the positive and negative aspects towards the
standards of education.
iv. This study will be helpful to the management and teachers of public school to know
the basic needs and challenges for enhanced the standards of education.
1.4 DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY
Due to the limited time and resources the study was delimited to:
i. Teachers and employees of different public school at Rahim yar Khan city.

ii. The study was conducted on the employees and teaching staff of public school in city
Rahim Yar Khan.

iii. The study was conducted on the employees of city Rahim Yar Khan.

iv. Five point agreement scales presented by likert.

Finally, this study was conducted under strict time constraints: within a four to
five month period and reseach was carried out only on public schools in Rahim Yar Khan
City, data collection is difficult from the govt. employees and teaching staff of education
department because of their busy routine. Many other areas were remaining untouched
due to limited resources and as a female constraint at some time I face problems
regarding data collection.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

 The study covered causes of deteriorating standards of education in public school in the
territory of Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab Pakistan, as a public education sector. Public Education
sector is the largest sector in Pakistan. It has multiple departments offering service to their
students and the effects of causes of deteriorating standards must be managed and kept low.
1.6 RESEARCH DESIGN/METHODOLOGY STUDY
It was important that an appropriate method must be selected for attaining the facts about
the study. This study was based on the present issues that type of research was descriptive
research. So the method or design of descriptive research was selected for this study and data
was collected through the questionnaire. The present study was descriptive in nature. Therefore
descriptive type research methodology was adopted for the current data collection.
1.6.1 P OPULATION
The study was conducted on all the employees and teaching staff of public schools of the
city Rahim Yar Khan at city level due to lack of resources and time limit. The study was
dependent on the systematic process of research for collection of information.
1.6.2 S AMPLE
Sample is one that is a representative of the population from which it was selected so 5 to
10 respondents/employees and teaching staff of public schools at city level were considered as a
sample for the study.
1.6.3 S AMPLE SIZE
Since it is a descriptive study, a sample size of 100 thought to be an adequate one.
Accordingly 200 respondents/employees and teaching staff from different public schools of
Rahim Yar Khan were approached to fill in the questionnaire.
1.6.4 S AMPLE TECHNIQUE
Through random sampling researcher collected the data in which all the employees and
teaching staff of public schools were provided an equal and independent chance of being selected
for the sample.
1.6.5 RESEARCH TOOL DEVELOPMENT
This study was conducted through selection of suitable instrument or tool. The research
programmed was depended upon valid reliable research tool. The questionnaire was developed
or selected by a researcher for getting the correct and accurate information. This survey was
conducted by personally visiting and giving them a questionnaire.
1.6.6 DATA COLLECTION
The researcher collected data through questionnaire. The researcher gave the
questionnaire to the respondents/employees and teaching staff of public schools for taking the
answer of the questions.
1.7 DATA ANALYSIS & STATISTICAL TREATMENT
The study was conducted on the employees and teaching staff of public schools at Rahim
Yar Khan so the data was calculated and analyzed through the percentage, mean, frequency
distribution, graphs and tables. This helped to give the standardized ratio which declared the
study of research.